Autoimmune liver diseases in children - What is different from adulthood?

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Gastroenterology

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 783-795

  Mieli Vergani, Giorgina ^a   Vergani, Diego ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Autoimmune hepatitis; Autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis; Azathioprine; Calcineurin inhibitors; Children; Corticosteroids; De novo autoimmune hepatitis post liver transplant; Mycophenolate mofetil; Ursodeoxycholic acid

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; BUDESONIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PREDNISOLONE; STEROID; TACROLIMUS;

ADULTHOOD; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS; AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS TYPE 2; BILE DUCT DISEASE; CHILDHOOD; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIARRHEA; DISEASE COURSE; DIZZINESS; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; HAIR LOSS; HEADACHE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; LIVER PARENCHYMA; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; NAUSEA; NEUTROPENIA; PROGNOSIS; RECURRENT DISEASE; REMISSION; SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

CHILD; CHOLANGITIS, SCLEROSING; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION;

EID: 82255191440     PISSN: 15216918     EISSN: 15321916     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.10.007     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. D. Vergani, and G. Mieli-Vergani Autoimmune hepatitis. Textbook of hepatology: from basic science to clinical practice 3rd ed. 2007 Blackwell Publishing UK p. 1089-1101
2. G.V. Gregorio, B. Portmann, F. Reid, P.T. Donaldson, D.G. Doherty, and M. McCartney Autoimmune hepatitis in childhood: a 20-year experience Hepatology 25 3 1997 541 547 (Pubitemid 27106430)
3. E. Martini, N. Abuaf, F. Cavalli, V. Durand, C. Johanet, and J.C. Homberg Antibody to liver cytosol (anti-LC1) in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis type 2 Hepatology 8 6 1988 1662 1666 (Pubitemid 19021905)
4. Y. Ma, M. Okamoto, M.G. Thomas, D.P. Bogdanos, A.R. Lopes, and B. Portmann Antibodies to conformational epitopes of soluble liver antigen define a severe form of autoimmune liver disease Hepatology 35 3 2002 Mar 658 664 (Pubitemid 34183971)
5. G.V. Gregorio, B. Portmann, J. Karani, P. Harrison, P.T. Donaldson, and D. Vergani Autoimmune hepatitis/sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome in childhood: a 16-year prospective study Hepatology 33 3 2001 544 553 (Pubitemid 32185215)
6. P.T. Donaldson Genetics in autoimmune hepatitis Semin Liver Dis 22 4 2002 Nov 353 364
7. Y. Ma, D.P. Bogdanos, M.J. Hussain, J. Underhill, S. Bansal, and M.S. Longhi Polyclonal T-cell responses to cytochrome P450IID6 are associated with disease activity in autoimmune hepatitis type 2 Gastroenterology 130 3 2006 Mar 868 882 (Pubitemid 43374534)
8. L. Fainboim, M.C. Canero Velasco, C.Y. Marcos, M. Ciocca, A. Roy, and G. Theiler Protracted, but not acute, hepatitis A virus infection is strongly associated with HLA-DRB (*)1301, a marker for pediatric autoimmune hepatitis Hepatology 33 6 2001 Jun 1512 1517 (Pubitemid 32496989)
9. M. Pando, J. Larriba, G.C. Fernandez, H. Fainboim, M. Ciocca, and M. Ramonet Pediatric and adult forms of type I autoimmune hepatitis in Argentina: evidence for differential genetic predisposition Hepatology 30 6 1999 Dec 1374 1380
10. D. Vergani, L. Wells, V.F. Larcher, B.A. Nasaruddin, E.T. Davies, and G. Mieli-Vergani Genetically determined low C4: a predisposing factor to autoimmune chronic active hepatitis Lancet 2 8450 1985 294 298 (Pubitemid 15045129)
11. A. Liston, S. Lesage, D.H. Gray, R.L. Boyd, and C.C. Goodnow Genetic lesions in T-cell tolerance and thresholds for autoimmunity Immunol Rev. 204 2005 Apr 87 101 (Pubitemid 40460495)
12. M.J. Simmonds, and S.C. Gough Genetic insights into disease mechanisms of autoimmunity Br Med Bull. 71 2004 93 113 (Pubitemid 40478224)
13. P. Ahonen, S. Myllarniemi, I. Sipila, and J. Perheentupa Clinical variation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a series of 68 patients N Engl J Med 322 26 1990 1829 1836 (Pubitemid 20200407)
14. J. Underhill, Y. Ma, D.P. Bogdanos, P. Cheeseman, G. Mieli-Vergani, and D. Vergani Different immunogenetic background in autoimmune hepatitis type 1, type and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis J Hepatol 36 Suppl. 1 2002 156A
15. P.J. Johnson, and I.G. McFarlane Meeting report: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Hepatology 18 4 1993 998 1005
16. F. Alvarez, P.A. Berg, F.B. Bianchi, L. Bianchi, A.K. Burroughs, and E.L. Cancado International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis J Hepatol 31 5 1999 Nov 929 938 (Pubitemid 29514229)
17. R.L. Ebbeson, and R.A. Schreiber Diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis in children: is the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group scoring system useful? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2 10 2004 Oct 935 940 (Pubitemid 39335801)
18. E.M. Hennes, M. Zeniya, A.J. Czaja, A. Pares, G.N. Dalekos, and E.L. Krawitt Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis Hepatology 48 1 2008 Jul 169 176 (Pubitemid 351975541)
19. E. Hiejima, H. Komatsu, T. Sogo, A. Inui, and T. Fujisawa Utility of simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis in children J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 52 4 2011 Apr 470 473
20. D. Vergani, F. Alvarez, F.B. Bianchi, E.L. Cancado, I.R. Mackay, and M.P. Manns Liver autoimmune serology: a consensus statement from the committee for autoimmune serology of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group J Hepatol 41 4 2004 Oct 677 683 (Pubitemid 39297806)
21. G.V. Gregorio, H. Jones, K. Choudhuri, A. Vegnente, F. Bortolotti, and G. Mieli-Vergani Autoantibody prevalence in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: effect in interferon alfa Hepatology 24 3 1996 520 523 (Pubitemid 26295990)
22. G.V. Gregorio, P. Pensati, R. Iorio, A. Vegnente, G. Mieli-Vergani, and D. Vergani Autoantibody prevalence in children with liver disease due to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection Clin Exp Immunol 112 3 1998 471 476 (Pubitemid 28267429)
23. A. Dhawan, R.M. Taylor, P. Cheeseman, P. De Silva, L. Katsiyiannakis, and G. Mieli-Vergani Wilson's disease in children: 37-year experience and revised King's score for liver transplantation Liver Transpl 11 4 2005 Apr 441 448 (Pubitemid 40533213)
24. S.J. Cotler, K. Kanji, A. Keshavarzian, D.M. Jensen, and S. Jakate Prevalence and significance of autoantibodies in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis J Clin Gastroenterol 38 9 2004 Oct 801 804 (Pubitemid 39274184)
25. P. Lapierre, O. Hajoui, J.C. Homberg, and F. Alvarez Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase is an organ-specific autoantigen recognized by sera of patients with autoimmune hepatitis Gastroenterology 116 3 1999 643 649 (Pubitemid 29106772)
26. M. Manns, G. Gerken, A. Kyriatsoulis, M. Staritz, and K.H. Meyer zum Buschenfelde Characterisation of a new subgroup of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis by autoantibodies against a soluble liver antigen Lancet 1 8528 1987 292 294 (Pubitemid 17009789)
27. M. Costa, J.L. Rodriguez-Sanchez, A.J. Czaja, and C. Gelpi Isolation and characterization of cDNA encoding the antigenic protein of the human tRNP(Ser)Sec complex recognized by autoantibodies from patients withtype-1 autoimmune hepatitis Clin Exp Immunol 121 2 2000 364 374 (Pubitemid 30659778)
28. I. Wies, S. Brunner, J. Henninger, J. Herkel, S. Kanzler, and K.H. Meyer zum Buschenfelde Identification of target antigen for SLA/LP autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis Lancet 355 9214 2000 1510 1515 (Pubitemid 30237358)
29. D.J. Gassert, H. Garcia, K. Tanaka, and J.F. Reinus Corticosteroid- responsive cryptogenic chronic hepatitis: evidence for seronegative autoimmune hepatitis Dig Dis Sci. 52 9 2007 Sep 2433 2437 (Pubitemid 47246512)
30. A.R. Ferreira, M.L. Roquete, N.H. Toppa, L.P. de Castro, E.D. Fagundes, and F.J. Penna Effect of treatment of hepatic histopathology in children and adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 46 1 2008 Jan 65 70
31. N. Kerkar, R.A. Annunziato, L. Foley, J. Schmeidler, C. Rumbo, and S. Emre Prospective analysis of nonadherence in autoimmune hepatitis: a common problem J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 43 5 2006 Nov 629 634 (Pubitemid 44863690)
32. B. Samaroo, M. Samyn, C. Buchanan, and G. Mieli-Vergani Long-term daily oral treatment with prednisolone in children with autoimmune liver disease does not affect final adult height Hepatology 44 2006 438A
33. M.P. Manns, A.J. Czaja, J.D. Gorham, E.L. Krawitt, G. Mieli-Vergani, and D. Vergani Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis Hepatology 51 6 2010 Jun 2193 2213
34. A.R. Ferreira, M.L. Roquete, F.J. Penna, N.H. Toppa, and L.P. Castro [Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in children and adolescents: assessment of immunosuppressive treatment withdrawal] J Pediatr (Rio J) 81 4 2005 Jul-Aug 343 348 (Pubitemid 41702733)
35. A. Scalori, M. Heneghan, N. Hadzic, D. Vergani, and G. Mieli-Vergani Outcome and survival in childhood onset autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis: a 13-year follow up study Hepatology 46 Suppl. 2007 555A
36. F. Alvarez, M. Ciocca, C. Canero-Velasco, M. Ramonet, M.T. de Davila, and M. Cuarterolo Short-term cyclosporine induces a remission of autoimmune hepatitis in children J Hepatol 30 2 1999 Feb 222 227 (Pubitemid 29071183)
37. M. Cuarterolo, M. Ciocca, C.C. Velasco, M. Ramonet, T. Gonzalez, and S. Lopez Follow-up of children with autoimmune hepatitis treated with cyclosporine J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 43 5 2006 Nov 635 639 (Pubitemid 44863691)
38. G. Mieli-Vergani, and D. Vergani Autoimmune hepatitis in children Clin Liver Dis 6 3 2002 Aug 335 346
39. L. Lennard, J.A. Van Loon, and R.M. Weinshilboum Pharmacogenetics of acute azathioprine toxicity: relationship to thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism Clin Pharmacol Ther 46 2 1989 Aug 149 154 (Pubitemid 19219950)
40. A.J. Czaja Safety issues in the management of autoimmune hepatitis Expert Opin Drug Saf 7 3 2008 May 319 333 (Pubitemid 351802831)
41. C. Rumbo, K.M. Emerick, S. Emre, and B.L. Shneider Azathioprine metabolite measurements in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in pediatric patients: a preliminary report J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 35 3 2002 Sep 391 398
42. F. Alvarez, M. Ciocca, C. Cañero-Velasco, M. Ramonet, M.T. de Davila, and M. Cuarterolo Short-term cyclosporine induces a remission of autoimmune hepatitis in children J Hepatol 30 1999 222 227 (Pubitemid 29071183)
43. M.P. Manns, M. Woynarowski, W. Kreisel, Y. Lurie, C. Rust, and E. Zuckerman Budesonide induces remission more effectively than prednisone in a controlled trial of patients with autoimmune hepatitis Gastroenterology 139 4 2010 Oct 1198 1206
44. M. Woynarowski, A. Nemeth, Y. Baruch, S. Koletzko, M. Melter, and B. Rodeck Budesonide 3 mg tid in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in adolescents, a subgroup analysis of the European AIH-BUC-Study J Hepatol 54 2011 S14 [Abstract]
45. M.M. Aw, A. Dhawan, M. Samyn, A. Bargiota, and G. Mieli-Vergani Mycophenolate mofetil as rescue treatment for autoimmune liver disease in children: a 5-year follow-up J Hepatol 51 1 2009 Jul 156 160
46. S.A. Mitchell, D.S. Bansi, N. Hunt, K. Von Bergmann, K.A. Fleming, and R.W. Chapman A preliminary trial of high-dose ursodeoxycholic acid in primary sclerosing cholangitis Gastroenterology 121 4 2001 Oct 900 907 (Pubitemid 32959399)
47. K.D. Lindor, K.V. Kowdley, V.A. Luketic, M.E. Harrison, T. McCashland, and A.S. Befeler High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis Hepatology 50 3 2009 Sep 808 814
48. G.V. Gregorio, B. McFarlane, P. Bracken, D. Vergani, and G. Mieli-Vergani Organ and non-organ specific autoantibody titres and IgG levels as markers of disease activity: a longitudinal study in childhood autoimmune liver disease Autoimmunity 35 8 2002 Dec 515 519 (Pubitemid 36321892)
49. J.C. Duclos-Vallee, M. Sebagh, K. Rifai, C. Johanet, E. Ballot, and C. Guettier A 10 year follow up study of patients transplanted for autoimmune hepatitis: histological recurrence precedes clinical and biochemical recurrence Gut 52 6 2003 Jun 893 897 (Pubitemid 36613499)
50. N. Kerkar, N. Hadzic, E.T. Davies, B. Portmann, P.T. Donaldson, and M. Rela De-novo autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation Lancet 351 9100 1998 409 413 (Pubitemid 28064165)
51. D. Vergani, and G. Mieli-Vergani Autoimmunity after liver transplantation Hepatology 36 2 2002 Aug 271 276 (Pubitemid 34810345)
52. G. Mieli-Vergani, and D. Vergani De novo autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation J Hepatol 40 1 2004 Jan 3 7 (Pubitemid 38064706)
53. N. Kerkar, C. Dugan, C. Rumbo, R.A. Morotti, G. Gondolesi, and B.L. Shneider Rapamycin successfully treats post-transplant autoimmune hepatitis Am J Transplant 5 5 2005 May 1085 1089 (Pubitemid 40571258)