Micro-RNAs as diagnostic or prognostic markers in human epithelial malignancies

BMC Cancer

Volumn 11, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Hui, Angela ^a   How, Christine ^a,b   Ito, Emma ^a,c   Liu, Fei Fei ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c PRINCESS MARGARET HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FORMALDEHYDE; MICRORNA; MICRORNA 155; MICRORNA 21; PARAFFIN; TUMOR MARKER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BIOGENESIS; BLOOD SAMPLING; BREAST CANCER; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; COLORECTAL CANCER; EPITHELIAL CANCER; EPITHELIUM TUMOR; ESOPHAGUS CANCER; EXOSOME; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LUNG CANCER; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; OVARY CANCER; PANCREAS CANCER; PROGNOSIS; PROSTATE CANCER; REVIEW; RNA BIOGENESIS; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; STOMACH CANCER; TISSUE FIXATION; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; BLOOD; METABOLISM; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; NEOPLASM;

HUMANS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MICRORNAS; NEOPLASMS, GLANDULAR AND EPITHELIAL; PARAFFIN EMBEDDING; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 82255173788     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712407     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-500     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. Garzon R, Calin GA, Croce CM. MicroRNAs in cancer. Annu Rev Med 2009, 60:167-179. 10.1146/annurev.med.59.053006.104707, 19630570.
2. Kai ZS, Pasquinelli AE. MicroRNA assassins: factors that regulate the disappearance of miRNAs. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2010, 17:5-10. 10.1038/nsmb.1762, 20051982.
3. Breving K, Esquela-Kerscher A. The complexities of microRNA regulation: Mirandering around the rules. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009, 42:1316-1329.
4. Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock RJ, van Dongen S, Bateman A, Enright AJ. miRBase: microRNA sequences, targets and gene nomenclature. Nucleic Acids Res 2006, 34:D140-144. 10.1093/nar/gkj112, 1347474, 16381832.
5. Bentwich I, Avniel A, Karov Y, Aharonov R, Gilad S, Barad O, Barzilai A, Einat P, Einav U, Meiri E, Sharon E, Spector Y, Bentwich Z. Identification of hundreds of conserved and nonconserved human microRNAs. Nat Genet 2005, 37:766-770. 10.1038/ng1590, 15965474.
6. Stefani G, Slack FJ. Small non-coding RNAs in animal development. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2008, 9:219-230. 10.1038/nrm2347, 18270516.
7. Calin GA Croce CM. MicroRNA signatures in human cancers. Nat Rev Cancer 2006, 6:857-866. 10.1038/nrc1997, 17060945.
8. Calin GA, Ferracin M, Cimmino A, Di Leva G, Shimizu M, Wojcik SE, Iorio MV, Visone R, Sever NI, Fabbri M, Iuliano R, Palumbo T, Pichiorri F, Roldo C, Garzon R, Sevignani C, Rassenti L, Alder H, Volinia S, Liu CG, Kipps TJ, Negrini M, Croce CM. A MicroRNA signature associated with prognosis and progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2005, 353:1793-1801. 10.1056/NEJMoa050995, 16251535.
9. Wiemer EA. The role of microRNAs in cancer: no small matter. Eur J Cancer 2007, 43:1529-1544. 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.04.002, 17531469.
10. Zhang B, Pan X, Cobb GP, Anderson TA. microRNAs as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Dev Biol 2007, 302:1-12. 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.028, 16989803.
11. Merritt WM, Lin YG, Han LY, Kamat AA, Spannuth WA, Schmandt R, Urbauer D, Pennacchio LA, Cheng JF, Nick AM, Deavers MT, Mourad-Zeidan A, Wang H, Mueller P, Lenburg ME, Gray JW, Mok S, Birrer MJ, Lopez-Berestein G, Coleman RL, Bar-Eli M, Sood AK. Dicer, Drosha, and outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2008, 359:2641-2650. 10.1056/NEJMoa0803785, 2710981, 19092150.
12. Volinia S, Calin GA, Liu CG, Ambs S, Cimmino A, Petrocca F, Visone R, Iorio M, Roldo C, Ferracin M, Prueitt RL, Yanaihara N, Lanza G, Scarpa A, Vecchione A, Negrini M, Harris CC, Croce CM. A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006, 103:2257-2261. 10.1073/pnas.0510565103, 1413718, 16461460.
13. Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, Bichi R, Zupo S, Noch E, Aldler H, Rattan S, Keating M, Rai K, Rassenti L, Kipps T, Negrini M, Bullrich F, Croce CM. Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002, 99:15524-15529. 10.1073/pnas.242606799, 137750, 12434020.
14. Cimmino A, Calin GA, Fabbri M, Iorio MV, Ferracin M, Shimizu M, Wojcik SE, Aqeilan RI, Zupo S, Dono M, Rassenti L, Alder H, Volinia S, Liu CG, Kipps TJ, Negrini M, Croce CM. miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:13944-13949. 10.1073/pnas.0506654102, 1236577, 16166262.
15. Meng F, Henson R, Wehbe-Janek H, Ghoshal K, Jacob ST, Patel T. MicroRNA-21 regulates expression of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocellular cancer. Gastroenterology 2007, 133:647-658. 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.022, 17681183.
16. Chan JA, Krichevsky AM, Kosik KS. MicroRNA-21 is an antiapoptotic factor in human glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res 2005, 65:6029-6033. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0137, 16024602.
17. Si ML, Zhu S, Wu H, Lu Z, Wu F, Mo YY. miR-21-mediated tumor growth. Oncogene 2007, 26:2799-2803. 10.1038/sj.onc.1210083, 17072344.
18. Ratain MJ, Glassman RH. Biomarkers in phase I oncology trials: signal, noise, or expensive distraction?. Clin Cancer Res 2007, 13:6545-6548. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-2133, 18006752.
19. Balk SP, Ko YJ, Bubley GJ. Biology of prostate-specific antigen. J Clin Oncol 2003, 21:383-391. 10.1200/JCO.2003.02.083, 12525533.
20. Thomas SN, Tong Z, Stebe KJ, Konstantopoulos K. Identification, characterization and utilization of tumor cell selectin ligands in the design of colon cancer diagnostics. Biorheology 2009, 46:207-225.
21. Osman N, O'Leary N, Mulcahy E, Barrett N, Wallis F, Hickey K, Gupta R. Correlation of serum CA125 with stage, grade and survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer at a single centre. Ir Med J 2008, 101:245-247.
22. Heyward WL, Lanier AP, Bender TR, McMahon BJ, Kilkenny S, Paprocki TR, Kline KT, Silimperi DR, Maynard JE. Early detection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma by screening for alpha-fetoprotein in high-risk families. A case-report. Lancet 1983, 2:1161-1162.
23. Lange PH, Vogelzang NJ, Goldman A, Kennedy BJ, Fraley EE. Marker half-life analysis as a prognostic tool in testicular cancer. J Urol 1982, 128:708-711.
24. Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, Kim C, Baker J, Cronin M, Baehner FL, Walker MG, Watson D, Park T, Hiller W, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Bryant J, Wolmark N. A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2004, 351:2817-2826. 10.1056/NEJMoa041588, 15591335.
25. Mattie MD, Benz CC, Bowers J, Sensinger K, Wong L, Scott GK, Fedele V, Ginzinger D, Getts R, Haqq C. Optimized high-throughput microRNA expression profiling provides novel biomarker assessment of clinical prostate and breast cancer biopsies. Mol Cancer 2006, 5:24. 10.1186/1476-4598-5-24, 1563474, 16784538.
26. Lu J, Getz G, Miska EA, Alvarez-Saavedra E, Lamb J, Peck D, Sweet-Cordero A, Ebert BL, Mak RH, Ferrando AA, Downing JR, Jacks T, Horvitz HR, Golub TR. MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers. Nature 2005, 435:834-838. 10.1038/nature03702, 15944708.
27. Michael MZ, O'Connor SM, van Holst Pellekaan NG, Young GP, James RJ. Reduced accumulation of specific microRNAs in colorectal neoplasia. Mol Cancer Res 2003, 1:882-891.
28. Takamizawa J, Konishi H, Yanagisawa K, Tomida S, Osada H, Endoh H, Harano T, Yatabe Y, Nagino M, Nimura Y, Mitsudomi T, Takahashi T. Reduced expression of the let-7 microRNAs in human lung cancers in association with shortened postoperative survival. Cancer Res 2004, 64:3753-3756. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0637, 15172979.
29. Hayashita Y, Osada H, Tatematsu Y, Yamada H, Yanagisawa K, Tomida S, Yatabe Y, Kawahara K, Sekido Y, Takahashi T. A polycistronic microRNA cluster, miR-17-92, is overexpressed in human lung cancers and enhances cell proliferation. Cancer Res 2005, 65:9628-9632. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2352, 16266980.
30. Chen JQ, Russo J. ERalpha-negative and triple negative breast cancer: molecular features and potential therapeutic approaches. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009, 1796:162-175. 2937358, 19527773.
31. Du L, Schageman JJ, Irnov, Girard L, Hammond SM, Minna JD, Gazdar AF, Pertsemlidis A. MicroRNA expression distinguishes SCLC from NSCLC lung tumor cells and suggests a possible pathological relationship between SCLCs and NSCLCs. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2010, 29:75. 10.1186/1756-9966-29-75, 2907339, 20624269.
32. Raponi M, Dossey L, Jatkoe T, Wu X, Chen G, Fan H, Beer DG. MicroRNA classifiers for predicting prognosis of squamous cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2009, 69:5776-5783. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0587, 19584273.
33. Yanaihara N, Caplen N, Bowman E, Seike M, Kumamoto K, Yi M, Stephens RM, Okamoto A, Yokota J, Tanaka T, Calin GA, Liu CG, Croce CM, Harris CC. Unique microRNA molecular profiles in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer Cell 2006, 9:189-198. 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.01.025, 16530703.
34. Yu SL, Chen HY, Chang GC, Chen CY, Chen HW, Singh S, Cheng CL, Yu CJ, Lee YC, Chen HS, Su TJ, Chiang CC, Li HN, Hong QS, Su HY, Chen CC, Chen WJ, Liu CC, Chan WK, Chen WJ, Li KC, Chen JJ, Yang PC. MicroRNA signature predicts survival and relapse in lung cancer. Cancer Cell 2008, 13:48-57. 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.008, 18167339.
35. Budhu A, Jia HL, Forgues M, Liu CG, Goldstein D, Lam A, Zanetti KA, Ye QH, Qin LX, Croce CM, Tang ZY, Wang XW. Identification of metastasis-related microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2008, 47:897-907. 10.1002/hep.22160, 18176954.
36. Guo Y, Chen Z, Zhang L, Zhou F, Shi S, Feng X, Li B, Meng X, Ma X, Luo M, Shao K, Li N, Qiu B, Mitchelson K, Cheng J, He J. Distinctive microRNA profiles relating to patient survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2008, 68:26-33. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4418, 18172293.
37. Li X, Zhang Y, Ding J, Wu K, Fan D. Survival prediction of gastric cancer by a seven-microRNA signature. Gut 2010, 59:579-585. 10.1136/gut.2008.175497, 19951901.
38. Tong AW, Fulgham P, Jay C, Chen P, Khalil I, Liu S, Senzer N, Eklund AC, Han J, Nemunaitis J. MicroRNA profile analysis of human prostate cancers. Cancer Gene Ther 2009, 16:206-216.
39. Hu X, Schwarz JK, Lewis JS, Huettner PC, Rader JS, Deasy JO, Grigsby PW, Wang X. A microRNA expression signature for cervical cancer prognosis. Cancer Res 2010, 70:1441-1448. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3289, 2844247, 20124485.
40. Schetter AJ, Leung SY, Sohn JJ, Zanetti KA, Bowman ED, Yanaihara N, Yuen ST, Chan TL, Kwong DL, Au GK, Liu CG, Calin GA, Croce CM, Harris CC. MicroRNA expression profiles associated with prognosis and therapeutic outcome in colon adenocarcinoma. JAMA 2008, 299:425-436. 10.1001/jama.299.4.425, 2614237, 18230780.
41. Bresters D, Schipper ME, Reesink HW, Boeser-Nunnink BD, Cuypers HT. The duration of fixation influences the yield of HCV cDNA-PCR products from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue. J Virol Methods 1994, 48:267-272. 10.1016/0166-0934(94)90125-2, 7989443.
42. Macabeo-Ong M, Ginzinger DG, Dekker N, McMillan A, Regezi JA, Wong DT, Jordan RC. Effect of duration of fixation on quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses. Mod Pathol 2002, 15:979-987. 10.1097/01.MP.0000026054.62220.FC, 12218216.
43. Cronin M, Pho M, Dutta D, Stephans JC, Shak S, Kiefer MC, Esteban JM, Baker JB. Measurement of gene expression in archival paraffin-embedded tissues: development and performance of a 92-gene reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Am J Pathol 2004, 164:35-42. 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63093-3, 1602211, 14695316.
44. Hui AB, Shi W, Boutros PC, Miller N, Pintilie M, Fyles T, McCready D, Wong D, Gerster K, Waldron L, Jurisica I, Penn LZ, Liu FF. Robust global micro-RNA profiling with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues. Lab Invest 2009, 89:597-606. 10.1038/labinvest.2009.12, 19290006.
45. Nelson PT, Baldwin DA, Scearce LM, Oberholtzer JC, Tobias JW, Mourelatos Z. Microarray-based, high-throughput gene expression profiling of microRNAs. Nat Methods 2004, 1:155-161. 10.1038/nmeth717, 15782179.
46. Krichevsky AM, Gabriely G. miR-21: a small multi-faceted RNA. J Cell Mol Med 2009, 13:39-53.
47. Hui AB, Lenarduzzi M, Krushel T, Waldron L, Pintilie M, Shi W, Perez-Ordonez B, Jurisica I, O'Sullivan B, Waldron J, Gullane P, Cummings B, Liu FF. Comprehensive MicroRNA profiling for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16:1129-1139. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2166, 20145181.
48. Lu Z, Liu M, Stribinskis V, Klinge CM, Ramos KS, Colburn NH, Li Y. MicroRNA-21 promotes cell transformation by targeting the programmed cell death 4 gene. Oncogene 2008, 27:4373-4379. 10.1038/onc.2008.72, 18372920.
49. Asangani IA, Rasheed SA, Nikolova DA, Leupold JH, Colburn NH, Post S, Allgayer H. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) post-transcriptionally downregulates tumor suppressor Pdcd4 and stimulates invasion, intravasation and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2008, 27:2128-2136. 10.1038/sj.onc.1210856, 17968323.
50. Kluiver J, Poppema S, de Jong D, Blokzijl T, Harms G, Jacobs S, Kroesen BJ, van den Berg A. BIC and miR-155 are highly expressed in Hodgkin, primary mediastinal and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. J Pathol 2005, 207:243-249. 10.1002/path.1825, 16041695.
51. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 2011, 144:646-674. 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013, 21376230.
52. Fan C, Oh DS, Wessels L, Weigelt B, Nuyten DS, Nobel AB, van't Veer LJ, Perou CM. Concordance among gene-expression-based predictors for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2006, 355:560-569. 10.1056/NEJMoa052933, 16899776.
53. Lawrie CH, Gal S, Dunlop HM, Pushkaran B, Liggins AP, Pulford K, Banham AH, Pezzella F, Boultwood J, Wainscoat JS, Hatton CS, Harris AL. Detection of elevated levels of tumour-associated microRNAs in serum of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2008, 141:672-675. 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07077.x, 18318758.
54. Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, Fritz BR, Wyman SK, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, Peterson A, Noteboom J, O'Briant KC, Allen A, Lin DW, Urban N, Drescher CW, Knudsen BS, Stirewalt DL, Gentleman R, Vessella RL, Nelson PS, Martin DB, Tewari M. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:10513-10518. 10.1073/pnas.0804549105, 2492472, 18663219.
55. Cocucci E, Racchetti G, Rupnik M, Meldolesi J. The regulated exocytosis of enlargeosomes is mediated by a SNARE machinery that includes VAMP4. J Cell Sci 2008, 121:2983-2991. 10.1242/jcs.032029, 18713833.
56. Valadi H, Ekstrom K, Bossios A, Sjostrand M, Lee JJ, Lotvall JO. Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells. Nat Cell Biol 2007, 9:654-659. 10.1038/ncb1596, 17486113.
57. Taylor DD, Gercel-Taylor C. MicroRNA signatures of tumor-derived exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2008, 110:13-21. 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.04.033, 18589210.
58. Rabinowits G, Gercel-Taylor C, Day JM, Taylor DD, Kloecker GH. Exosomal microRNA: a diagnostic marker for lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2009, 10:42-46. 10.3816/CLC.2009.n.006, 19289371.
59. Silva J, García V, Zaballos T, Provencio M, Lombardía L, Almonacid L, García JM, Dominguez G, Peña C, Diaz R, Herrera M, Varela A, Bonilla F. Vesicle-related microRNAs in plasma of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients and correlation with survival. Eur Respir J 2011, 37:617-623. 10.1183/09031936.00029610, 20595154.
60. Ali S, Almhanna K, Chen W, Philip PA, Sarkar FH. Differentially expressed miRNAs in the plasma may provide a molecular signature for aggressive pancreatic cancer. Am J Transl Res 2011, 3:28-47.
61. Kong X, Du Y, Wang G, Gao J, Gong Y, Li L, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Jing Q, Qin Y, Li Z. Detection of differentially expressed microRNAs in serum of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients: miR-196a could be a potential marker for poor prognosis. Dig Dis Sci 2011, 56:602-609. 10.1007/s10620-010-1285-3, 20614181.
62. Ho AS, Huang X, Cao H, Christman-Skieller C, Bennewith K, Le QT, Koong AC. Circulating miR-210 as a Novel Hypoxia Marker in Pancreatic Cancer. Transl Oncol 2010, 3:109-113. 2847318, 20360935.
63. Wang J, Chen J, Chang P, LeBlanc A, Li D, Abbruzzesse JL, Frazier ML, Killary AM, Sen S. MicroRNAs in plasma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients as novel blood-based biomarkers of disease. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009, 2:807-813.
64. Resnick KE, Alder H, Hagan JP, Richardson DL, Croce CM, Cohn DE. The detection of differentially expressed microRNAs from the serum of ovarian cancer patients using a novel real-time PCR platform. Gynecol Oncol 2009, 112:55-59. 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.08.036, 18954897.
65. Donnem T, Eklo K, Berg T, Sorbye SW, Lonvik K, Al-Saad S, Al-Shibli K, Andersen S, Stenvold H, Bremnes RM, Busund LT. Prognostic impact of MiR-155 in non-small cell lung cancer evaluated by in situ hybridization. J Transl Med 2011, 9:6. 10.1186/1479-5876-9-6, 3023703, 21219656.
66. Dorsett Y, McBride KM, Jankovic M, Gazumyan A, Thai TH, Robbiani DF, Di Virgilio M, Reina San-Martin B, Heidkamp G, Schwickert TA, Eisenreich T, Rajewsky K, Nussenzweig MC. MicroRNA-155 suppresses activation-induced cytidine deaminase-mediated Myc-Igh translocation. Immunity 2008, 28:630-638. 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.04.002, 2713656, 18455451.
67. Heneghan HM, Miller N, Lowery AJ, Sweeney KJ, Newell J, Kerin MJ. Circulating microRNAs as novel minimally invasive biomarkers for breast cancer. Ann Surg 2010, 251:499-505. 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181cc939f, 20134314.
68. Zhu W, Qin W, Atasoy U, Sauter ER. Circulating microRNAs in breast cancer and healthy subjects. BMC Res Notes 2009, 2:89. 10.1186/1756-0500-2-89, 2694820, 19454029.
69. Gee HE, Buffa FM, Camps C, Ramachandran A, Leek R, Taylor M, Patil M, Sheldon H, Betts G, Homer J, West C, Raqoussis J, Harris AL. The small-nucleolar RNAs commonly used for microRNA normalisation correlate with tumour pathology and prognosis. Br J Cancer 104:1168-1177.
70. Sempere LF, Christensen M, Silahtaroglu A, Bak M, Heath CV, Schwartz G, Wells W, Kauppinen S, Cole CN. Altered MicroRNA expression confined to specific epithelial cell subpopulations in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2007, 67:11612-11620. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5019, 18089790.
71. Yan LX, Huang XF, Shao Q, Huang MY, Deng L, Wu QL, Zeng YX, Shao JY. MicroRNA miR-21 overexpression in human breast cancer is associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and patient poor prognosis. RNA 2008, 14:2348-2360. 10.1261/rna.1034808, 2578865, 18812439.
72. Lebanony D, Benjamin H, Gilad S, Ezagouri M, Dov A, Ashkenazi K, Gefen N, Izraeli S, Rechavi G, Pass H, Nonaka D, Li J, Spector Y, Rosenfeld N, Chajut A, Cohen D, Aharonov R, Mansukhani M. Diagnostic assay based on hsa-miR-205 expression distinguishes squamous from nonsquamous non-small-cell lung carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27:2030-2037. 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.4134, 19273703.
73. Navarro A, Diaz T, Gallardo E, Vinolas N, Marrades RM, Gel B, Campayo M, Quera A, Bandres E, Garcia-Foncillas J, Ramirez J, Monzo M. Prognostic implications of miR-16 expression levels in resected non-small-cell lung cancer. J Surg Oncol 2010, 103:411-415.
74. Xiao B, Guo J, Miao Y, Jiang Z, Huan R, Zhang Y, Li D, Zhong J. Detection of miR-106a in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance. Clin Chim Acta 2009, 400:97-102. 10.1016/j.cca.2008.10.021, 18996365.
75. Zhang Y, Guo J, Li D, Xiao B, Miao Y, Jiang Z, Zhuo H. Down-regulation of miR-31 expression in gastric cancer tissues and its clinical significance. Med Oncol 2009, 27:685-689.
76. Bloomston M, Frankel WL, Petrocca F, Volinia S, Alder H, Hagan JP, Liu CG, Bhatt D, Taccioli C, Croce CM. MicroRNA expression patterns to differentiate pancreatic adenocarcinoma from normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. JAMA 2007, 297:1901-1908. 10.1001/jama.297.17.1901, 17473300.
77. Habbe N, Koorstra JB, Mendell JT, Offerhaus GJ, Ryu JK, Feldmann G, Mullendore ME, Goggins MG, Hong SM, Maitra A. MicroRNA miR-155 is a biomarker of early pancreatic neoplasia. Cancer Biol Ther 2009, 8:340-346. 10.4161/cbt.8.4.7338, 2692997, 19106647.
78. du Rieu MC, Torrisani J, Selves J, Al Saati T, Souque A, Dufresne M, Tsongalis GJ, Suriawinata AA, Carrere N, Buscail L, Cordelier P. MicroRNA-21 is induced early in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma precursor lesions. Clin Chem 2010, 56:603-612. 10.1373/clinchem.2009.137364, 20093556.
79. Yu J, Ohuchida K, Mizumoto K, Sato N, Kayashima T, Fujita H, Nakata K, Tanaka M. MicroRNA, hsa-miR-200c, is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer and its upregulation inhibits pancreatic cancer invasion but increases cell proliferation. Mol Cancer 2010, 9:169. 10.1186/1476-4598-9-169, 2909980, 20579395.
80. Laios A, O'Toole S, Flavin R, Martin C, Kelly L, Ring M, Finn SP, Barrett C, Loda M, Gleeson N, D'Arcy T, McGuinness E, Sheils O, Sheppard B, O' Leary J. Potential role of miR-9 and miR-223 in recurrent ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2008, 7:35. 10.1186/1476-4598-7-35, 2383925, 18442408.
81. Hu X, Macdonald DM, Huettner PC, Feng Z, El Naqa IM, Schwarz JK, Mutch DG, Grigsby PW, Powell SN, Wang X. A miR-200 microRNA cluster as prognostic marker in advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2009, 114:457-464. 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.05.022, 19501389.
82. Eitan R, Kushnir M, Lithwick-Yanai G, David MB, Hoshen M, Glezerman M, Hod M, Sabah G, Rosenwald S, Levavi H. Tumor microRNA expression patterns associated with resistance to platinum based chemotherapy and survival in ovarian cancer patients. Gynecol Oncol 2009, 114:253-259. 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.04.024, 19446316.
83. Flavin R, Smyth P, Barrett C, Russell S, Wen H, Wei J, Laios A, O'Toole S, Ring M, Denning K, Li J, Aherne S, Sammarae D, Aziz NA, Alhadi A, Finn SP, Loda M, B S, Sheils O, O'Leary JJ. miR-29b expression is associated with disease-free survival in patients with ovarian serous carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009, 19:641-647. 10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181a48cf9, 19509563.
84. Shi XB, Xue L, Yang J, Ma AH, Zhao J, Xu M, Tepper CG, Evans CP, Kung HJ, deVere White RW. An androgen-regulated miRNA suppresses Bak1 expression and induces androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104:19983-19988. 10.1073/pnas.0706641104, 2148409, 18056640.
85. Bonci D, Coppola V, Musumeci M, Addario A, Giuffrida R, Memeo L, D'Urso L, Pagliuca A, Biffoni M, Labbaye C, Bartucci M, Muto G, Peschle C, De Maria R. The miR-15a-miR-16-1 cluster controls prostate cancer by targeting multiple oncogenic activities. Nat Med 2008, 14:1271-1277. 10.1038/nm.1880, 18931683.
86. Lin SL, Chiang A, Chang D, Ying SY. Loss of mir-146a function in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. RNA 2008, 14:417-424. 10.1261/rna.874808, 2248249, 18174313.
87. Saini S, Majid S, Yamamura S, Tabatabai ZL, Suh SO, Shahryari V, Chen Y, Deng G, Tanaka Y, Dahiya R. Regulatory role of miR-203 in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2011, 17:5287-5298. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2619, 21159887.
88. Hagman Z, Larne O, Edsjo A, Bjartell A, Ehrnstrom RA, Ulmert D, Lilja H, Ceder Y. miR-34c is downregulated in prostate cancer and exerts tumor suppressive functions. Int J Cancer 2010, 127:2768-2776. 10.1002/ijc.25269, 21351256.
89. Spahn M, Kneitz S, Scholz CJ, Stenger N, Rudiger T, Strobel P, Riedmiller H, Kneitz B. Expression of microRNA-221 is progressively reduced in aggressive prostate cancer and metastasis and predicts clinical recurrence. Int J Cancer 2010, 127:394-403.
90. Wong TS, Liu XB, Wong BY, Ng RW, Yuen AP, Wei WI. Mature miR-184 as potential oncogenic microRNA of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Clin Cancer Res 2008, 14:2588-2592. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0666, 18451220.
91. Lin SC, Liu CJ, Lin JA, Chiang WF, Hung PS, Chang KW. miR-24 up-regulation in oral carcinoma: positive association from clinical and in vitro analysis. Oral Oncol 2010, 46:204-208. 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.12.005, 20138800.
92. Liu CJ, Kao SY, Tu HF, Tsai MM, Chang KW, Lin SC. Increase of microRNA miR-31 level in plasma could be a potential marker of oral cancer. Oral Dis 2010, 16:360-364. 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01646.x, 20233326.
93. Yang CC, Hung PS, Wang PW, Liu CJ, Chu TH, Cheng HW, Lin SC. miR-181 as a putative biomarker for lymph-node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2011, 40:397-404. 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.01003.x, 21244495.
94. Zhao H, Shen J, Medico L, Wang D, Ambrosone CB, Liu S. A pilot study of circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers of early stage breast cancer. PLoS One 2010, 5:e13735. 10.1371/journal.pone.0013735, 2966402, 21060830.
95. Roth C, Rack B, Muller V, Janni W, Pantel K, Schwarzenbach H. Circulating microRNAs as blood-based markers for patients with primary and metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2010, 12:R90. 10.1186/bcr2766, 3046429, 21047409.
96. Wang F, Zheng Z, Guo J, Ding X. Correlation and quantitation of microRNA aberrant expression in tissues and sera from patients with breast tumor. Gynecol Oncol 2010, 119:586-593. 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.07.021, 20801493.
97. Heneghan HM, Miller N, Kelly R, Newell J, Kerin MJ. Systemic miRNA-195 differentiates breast cancer from other malignancies and is a potential biomarker for detecting noninvasive and early stage disease. Oncologist 2010, 15:673-682. 10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0103, 20576643.
98. Asaga S, Kuo C, Nguyen T, Terpenning M, Giuliano AE, Hoon DS. Direct serum assay for microRNA-21 concentrations in early and advanced breast cancer. Clin Chem 2011, 57:84-91. 10.1373/clinchem.2010.151845, 21036945.
99. Chen X, Ba Y, Ma L, Cai X, Yin Y, Wang K, Guo J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Guo X, Li Q, Li X, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Jiang X, Xiang Y, Xu C, Zheng P, Zhang J, Li R, Zhang H, Shang X, Gong T, Ning G, Wang J, Zen K, Zhang J, Zhang CY. Characterization of microRNAs in serum: a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. Cell Res 2008, 18:997-1006. 10.1038/cr.2008.282, 18766170.
100. Hu Z, Chen X, Zhao Y, Tian T, Jin G, Shu Y, Chen Y, Xu L, Zen K, Zhang C, Shen H. Serum microRNA signatures identified in a genome-wide serum microRNA expression profiling predict survival of non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:1721-1726. 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.9342, 20194856.
101. Roth C, Kasimir-Bauer S, Pantel K, Schwarzenbach H. Screening for circulating nucleic acids and caspase activity in the peripheral blood as potential diagnostic tools in lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2011, 5:281-291. 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.02.002, 21398193.
102. Ng EK, Chong WW, Jin H, Lam EK, Shin VY, Yu J, Poon TC, Ng SS, Sung JJ. Differential expression of microRNAs in plasma of patients with colorectal cancer: a potential marker for colorectal cancer screening. Gut 2009, 58:1375-1381. 10.1136/gut.2008.167817, 19201770.
103. Huang Z, Huang D, Ni S, Peng Z, Sheng W, Du X. Plasma microRNAs are promising novel biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2010, 127:118-126. 10.1002/ijc.25007, 19876917.
104. Pu XX, Huang GL, Guo HQ, Guo CC, Li H, Ye S, Ling S, Jiang L, Tian Y, Lin TY. Circulating miR-221 directly amplified from plasma is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of colorectal cancer and is correlated with p53 expression. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010, 25:1674-1680. 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06417.x, 20880178.
105. Zhang C, Wang C, Chen X, Yang C, Li K, Wang J, Dai J, Hu Z, Zhou X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Qiu H, Xing J, Liang Z, Ren B, Yang C, Zen K, Zhang CY. Expression profile of microRNAs in serum: a fingerprint for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Chem 2010, 56:1871-1879. 10.1373/clinchem.2010.147553, 20943850.
106. Liu R, Zhang C, Hu Z, Li G, Wang C, Yang C, Huang D, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhuang R, Deng T, Liu H, Yin J, Wang S, Zen K, Ba Y, Zhang CY. A five-microRNA signature identified from genome-wide serum microRNA expression profiling serves as a fingerprint for gastric cancer diagnosis. Eur J Cancer 2011, 47:784-791. 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.10.025, 21112772.
107. Tsujiura M, Ichikawa D, Komatsu S, Shiozaki A, Takeshita H, Kosuga T, Konishi H, Morimura R, Deguchi K, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Otsuji E. Circulating microRNAs in plasma of patients with gastric cancers. Br J Cancer 2010, 102:1174-1179. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605608, 2853097, 20234369.
108. Yamamoto Y, Kosaka N, Tanaka M, Koizumi F, Kanai Y, Mizutani T, Murakami Y, Kuroda M, Miyajima A, Kato T, Ochiya T. MicroRNA-500 as a potential diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomarkers 2009, 14:529-538. 10.3109/13547500903150771, 19863192.
109. Li LM, Hu ZB, Zhou ZX, Chen X, Liu FY, Zhang JF, Shen HB, Zhang CY, Zen K. Serum microRNA profiles serve as novel biomarkers for HBV infection and diagnosis of HBV-positive hepatocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2010, 70:9798-9807. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1001, 21098710.
110. Xu J, Wu C, Che X, Wang L, Yu D, Zhang T, Huang L, Li H, Tan W, Wang C, Lin D. Circulating microRNAs, miR-21, miR-122, and miR-223, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or chronic hepatitis. Mol Carcinog 2011, 50:136-142. 10.1002/mc.20712, 21229610.
111. Morita K, Taketomi A, Shirabe K, Umeda K, Kayashima H, Ninomiya M, Uchiyama H, Soejima Y, Maehara Y. Clinical significance and potential of hepatic microRNA-122 expression in hepatitis C. Liver Int 2011, 31:474-484. 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02433.x, 21199296.
112. Gui J, Tian Y, Wen X, Zhang W, Zhang P, Gao J, Run W, Tian L, Jia X, Gao Y. Serum microRNA characterization identifies miR-885-5p as a potential marker for detecting liver pathologies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011, 120:183-193.
113. Qu KZ, Zhang K, Li H, Afdhal NH, Albitar M. Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011, 45:355-360. 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181f18ac2, 21278583.
114. Hausler SF, Keller A, Chandran PA, Ziegler K, Zipp K, Heuer S, Krockenberger M, Engel JB, Honig A, Scheffler M, Dietl J, Wischhusen J. Whole blood-derived miRNA profiles as potential new tools for ovarian cancer screening. Br J Cancer 2010, 103:693-700. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605833, 2938264, 20683447.
115. Lodes MJ, Caraballo M, Suciu D, Munro S, Kumar A, Anderson B. Detection of cancer with serum miRNAs on an oligonucleotide microarray. PLoS One 2009, 4:e6229. 10.1371/journal.pone.0006229, 2704963, 19597549.
116. Moltzahn F, Olshen AB, Baehner L, Peek A, Fong L, Stoppler H, Simko J, Hilton JF, Carroll P, Blelloch R. Microfluidic-based multiplex qRT-PCR identifies diagnostic and prognostic microRNA signatures in the sera of prostate cancer patients. Cancer Res 2011, 71:550-560. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1229, 21098088.
117. Brase JC, Johannes M, Schlomm T, Falth M, Haese A, Steuber T, Beissbarth T, Kuner R, Sultmann H. Circulating miRNAs are correlated with tumor progression in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2011, 128:608-616. 10.1002/ijc.25376, 20473869.
118. Zhang HL, Yang LF, Zhu Y, Yao XD, Zhang SL, Dai B, Zhu YP, Shen YJ, Shi GH, Ye DW. Serum miRNA-21: elevated levels in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer and potential predictive factor for the efficacy of docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Prostate 2011, 71:326-331. 10.1002/pros.21246, 20842666.
119. Yaman Agaoglu F, Kovancilar M, Dizdar Y, Darendeliler E, Holdenrieder S, Dalay N, Gezer U. Investigation of miR-21, miR-141, and miR-221 in blood circulation of patients with prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2011, 32:583-588. 10.1007/s13277-011-0154-9, 21274675.