Design and analysis of an electromechanical battery for rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa

IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 1198-1209

  Okou, Richard ^a   Sebitosi, Adoniya Ben ^b   Khan, Mohamed Azeem ^a   Barendse, Paul ^a   Pillay, Pragasen ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^c Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science   (Canada)

Author keywords

Energy conversion; energy storage; flywheels; permanent magnet machines; rural areas

Indexed keywords

CONTAINMENT STRUCTURES; COST SAVING; DESIGN AND ANALYSIS; DESIGN STAGE; ELECTRICAL MACHINE; FIBER-EPOXY COMPOSITES; FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM; FLYWHEEL ROTORS; FLYWHEEL SYSTEMS; LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS; LUMPED PARAMETER; NUMERICAL STRESS ANALYSIS; PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINES; RURAL ELECTRIFICATION; SAFE OPERATING CONDITIONS; SOLAR HOME SYSTEM; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; THERMAL MODEL;

COST ACCOUNTING; DESIGN; ELECTRIC MACHINERY; ELECTRIC UTILITIES; ENERGY CONVERSION; ENERGY STORAGE; FLYWHEELS; GLASS FIBERS; PERMANENT MAGNETS; POWER ELECTRONICS; RURAL AREAS; TENSILE STRENGTH; WHEELS;

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS;

EID: 82155167624     PISSN: 08858969     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TEC.2011.2160545     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. H.Winkler, "Renewable energy policy in South Africa: Policy options for renewable electricity," Energy Policy, vol. 33, pp. 27-38, 2005.
2. G. Kamese, "Renewable energy technologies in Uganda: The potential for geothermal energy development," A country study report under the AFREPREN/HBF study, supported by the Heinrich Boell Foundation, Mar. 2004. Available: http://www.afrepren.org/Pubs/pubslist.htm.
3. Renewables 2007 global status report, Renewable energy policy network for the 21st century. Available: http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5630.
4. S. Ginter, G. Gisler, J. Hanks, D. Havenhill, W. Robinson, and L. Spina, "Spacecraft energy storage systems," in Proc. IEEE Natl. Conf. Aerosp., 1997, vol. 2, pp. 609-616.
5. S. Ginter, G. Gisler, J. Hanks, D. Havenhill, W. Robinson, and L. Spina, "Spacecraft energy storage systems," in Proc. IEEE Natl. Conf. Aerosp. Electron., 1997, pp. 609-616.
6. F. N. Werfel, U. Floegel-Delor, T. Riedel, R. Rothfeld, D. Wippich, B. Goebel, G. Reiner, and N.Wehlau, "Acompact HTS 5 kWh/250kWflywheel energy storage system," IEEE Trans. Appl. Superconduc., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 2138-2141, Jun. 2007. (Pubitemid 47166343)
7. R. F. Post, T. K. Fowler, and S. F Post, "A high efficiency electromechanical battery," Proc. IEEE, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 462-474, Mar. 1993.
8. M. Berger and I. Porat, "Optimal design of rotating disk for kinetic energy storage," J. Appl. Mech., vol. 55, pp. 164-171, 1988.
9. D. Johnson. "Design considerations and implementation of an electromechanical battery system," Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 2008.
10. D. Hartog and J. Pieter, Advanced Strength of Materials. NewYork: McGraw-hill, 1952.
11. J. H. Faupel and F.E Fischer, Engineering Design: A Synthesis of Stress Analysis and Materials Engineering, 1st ed. New York: Wiley, 1964.
12. J. Saari. "Thermal analysis of high speed induction machines," Ph.D. dissertation, Helsinki Univ. Technol., Espoo, Finland, 1998.
13. H. Hofmann and S. R. Sanders, "High speed synchronous reluctance machine with minimized rotor losses," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 531-539, Mar./Apr. 2000. (Pubitemid 30593841)
14. T. M. Mulcahy, J. R. Hull, K. L. Uherka, R. G. Abboud, and J. J Juna, "Test results of 2-kWh flywheel using passive PM and HTS bearings," IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1729-1732, Mar. 2001. (Pubitemid 32512862)
15. P. I. Tsao, "An integrated flywheel energy storage system with a homopolar Induction motor/generator and high frequency drive," Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. California Berkeley, Berkeley, 2003.
16. A. S. Nagorny, N. V. Dravid, R. H. Jansen, and B. H. Kenny, "Design aspects of a high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor/generator for flywheel applications," in Proc. IEEE Int. Electr. Mach. Drive Conf., 2005, pp. 635-641. (Pubitemid 44461374)
17. R. Hockney and C. Driscoll, "Powering of standby power supplies using flywheel energy storage," in Proc. Int. Telecommun. Energy Conf., 1997, pp. 105-109.
18. T. D. Nguyen, K. J. Tseng, S. Zhang, andH. T.Nguyen, "A novel axial flux permanent magnet machine for flywheel energy storage system: Design and analysis," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electr., vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 3784-3794, Sep. 2011.
19. J. Chen, Y. Guo, and J. Zhu, "Development of a high speed permanent magnet brushless DC motor for driving embroidery machines," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 11-16, Nov. 2007.
20. S. M. Hosseini, M. Agha-Mirsalim, and M. Mirzaei, "Design, prototyping, and analysis of a low cost axial-flux coreless permanent-magnet generator," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 75-80, Jan. 2008. (Pubitemid 350281107)
21. M. A. Khan. "Contributions to permanent magnet wind generator design including the application of softmagnetic composites," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Electr. Eng., Univ. Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 2006.
22. C. C. Chan, "Axial-field electrical machines-Design and applications," IEEE Trans.Energy Convers., vol. EC-2, no. 2, pp. 294-300, Jun. 1987.
23. J. Braid, A. van Zyl, and C. Landy, "Design analysis and development of a multistage axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine," in Proc. IEEE Africon Conf., 2002, pp. 675-680.
24. S.-M. Jang, S.-S. Joeng, D.-W. Ryu, and S.-K. Choi, "Design and analysis of high speed slotless PM machine with Halbach array," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 2827-2830, Jul. 2001. (Pubitemid 32969442)
25. M. Comanescu, A. Keyhani, and M. Dai, "Design and analysis of 42-V permanent-magnet generator for automotive applications," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 107-112, Mar. 2003.
26. J. F. Gieras, R. Wang, and M. J. Kamper, Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Brushless Machines. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer, 2004.
27. F. Gieras andWings, Permanent MagnetMotor Technology. NewYork: Marcel Dekker, 1997.
28. C. Huynh, L. Zheng, and P.McMullen, "Thermal performance evaluation of a high speed flywheel energy storage system," in Proc. 33rd Annu. Conf. IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc., Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. 5-8, 2007.
29. O. Agĺen and ° A. Andersson, "Thermal analysis of a high-speed generator," in Proc. 38th IAS Annu. Meeting Conf. Rec. Ind. Appl. Conf., 2003, pp. 547-554.
30. F. Sahin. "Design and development of a high-speed axial-flux permanentmagnet machine," Ph.D dissertation, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 2001.
31. J. Saari. "Thermal analysis of high speed induction machine," Ph.D. dissertation, Helsinki Univ. Technol., Espoo, Finland, 1998.
32. [Online]. Available: www.skf.com last checked 27th Nov. 2009.
33. J. E. Vrancik, "Prediction of windage loss in alternators," NASA technical note D-4849, 1968.
34. G. Genta, Kinetic Energy Storage, Theory and Practice of Advanced Flywheel Systems. London, U.K.: Butterworth, 1985.
35. Y. Suzuki, A. Koyanagi, M. Kobayashi, and R. Shimada, "Novel applications of the flywheel energy storage system," Energy, vol. 30, pp. 2128-2143, 2005.
36. S. Kitade, "Comprehensive composite materials," in Flywheel, vol. 6. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 2000, ch. 6, pp. 571-580.
37. E. L. Danfelt, S. A. Hewes, and T. W. Chou, "Optimization of composite flywheel design," Int. J. Mech. Sci., vol. 19, pp. 69-78, 1977.
38. R. Okou, A. B. Sebitosi, M. A. khan, and P. Pillay, "The potential impact of small scale flywheel energy storage technology on Uganda's energy sector," J. Energy South Africa, vol. 20, no.1, pp. 14-19, Feb. 2009.
39. M. M. H. Bhuiyan, M. Ali Asgar, R. K. Mazumder, and M. Hussain, "Economic evaluation of a stand-alone residential photovoltaic power system in Bangladesh," Renewable Energy, vol. 21, pp. 403-410, 2000. (Pubitemid 30620925)
40. HOMER, Version 2.75, Apr. 23, 2010. Available: http://www. nrel.gov/homer.