Microwave generation with low residual phase noise from a femtosecond fiber laser with an intracavity electro-optic modulator

Optics Express

Volumn 19, Issue 24, 2011, Pages 24387-24395

  Swann, William C ^a   Baumann, Esther ^a   Giorgetta, Fabrizio R ^a   Newbury, Nathan R ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTROOPTICAL DEVICES; ERBIUM; FIBER LASERS; FIBERS; MICROWAVE GENERATION; PHASE NOISE;

ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATORS; FEMTOSECOND FIBER LASERS; FEMTOSECONDS; FREQUENCY COMBS; INTRACAVITIES; LOW NOISE; LOW-PHASE-NOISE; MICROWAVE SIGNALS; OFFSET FREQUENCIES; PHASE LOCKED; REPETITION RATE; RESIDUAL PHASE NOISE;

LIGHT MODULATORS;

ARTICLE; ELECTRONICS; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FIBER OPTICS; INSTRUMENTATION; LASER; MICROWAVE RADIATION; OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION; TELECOMMUNICATION;

ELECTRONICS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; FIBER OPTIC TECHNOLOGY; LASERS; MICROWAVES; OPTICAL DEVICES; TELECOMMUNICATIONS;

EID: 82055170366     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.19.024387     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. S. Grop, P. Y. Bourgeois, R. Boudot, Y. Kersale, E. Rubiola, and V. Giordano, "10 GHz cryocooled sapphire oscillator with extremely low phase noise", Electron. Lett. 46(6), 420-422 (2010).
2. C. R. Locke, E. N. Ivanov, J. G. Hartnett, P. L. Stanwix, and M. E. Tobar, "Invited article: Design techniques and noise properties of ultrastable cryogenically cooled sapphire-dielectric resonator oscillators", Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79(5), 051301-1-0513011-2 (2008).
3. T. M. Fortier, M. S. Kirchner, F. Quinlan, J. Taylor, J. C. Bergquist, T. Rosenband, N. Lemke, A. Ludlow, Y. Jiang, C. W. Oates, and S. A. Diddams, "Generation of ultrastable microwaves via optical frequency division", Nat. Photonics 5(7), 425-429 (2011).
4. J. McFerran, E. Ivanov, A. Bartels, G. Wilpers, C. Oates, S. Diddams, and L. Hollberg, "Low-noise synthesis of microwave signals from an optical source", Electron. Lett. 41(11), 650-651 (2005).
5. A. Bartels, S. A. Diddams, C. W. Oates, G. Wilpers, J. C. Bergquist, W. H. Oskay, and L. Hollberg, "Femtosecond-laser-based synthesis of ultrastable microwave signals from optical frequency references", Opt. Lett. 30(6), 667-669 (2005).
6. J. Kim, F. X. Kärtner, and M. H. Perrott, "Femtosecond synchronization of radio frequency signals with optical pulse trains", Opt. Lett. 29(17), 2076-2078 (2004).
7. J. Millo, R. Boudot, M. Lours, P. Y. Bourgeois, A. N. Luiten, Y. L. Coq, Y. Kersalé, and G. Santarelli, "Ultralow-noise microwave extraction from fiber-based optical frequency comb", Opt. Lett. 34(23), 3707-3709 (2009).
8. S. Xiao, L. Hollberg, N. R. Newbury, and S. A. Diddams, "Toward a low-jitter 10 GHz pulsed source with an optical frequency comb generator", Opt. Express 16(12), 8498-8508 (2008).
9. J. Millo, M. Abgrall, M. Lours, E. English, H. Jiang, J. Guena, A. Clairon, M. Tobar, S. Bize, Y. Le Coq, and G. Santarelli, "Ultralow noise microwave generation with fiber-based optical frequency comb and application to atomic fountain clock", Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(14), 141105 (2009).
10. W. Zhang, Z. Xu, M. Lours, R. Boudot, Y. Kersale, G. Santarelli, and Y. Le Coq, "Sub-100 attoseconds stability optics-to-microwave synchronization", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(21), 211105 (2010).
11. F. Quinlan, T. M. Fortier, M. S. Kirchner, J. A. Taylor, M. J. Thorpe, N. Lemke, A. D. Ludlow, Y. Jiang, and S. A. Diddams, "Ultralow phase noise microwave generation with an Er:fiber-based optical frequency divider", Opt. Lett. 36(16), 3260-3262 (2011).
12. W. Zhang, T. Li, M. Lours, S. Seidelin, G. Santarelli, and Y. Le Coq, "Amplitude to phase conversion of InGaAs pin photo-diodes for femtosecond lasers microwave signal generation", Appl. Phys. B, online first (2011).
13. A. Haboucha, W. Zhang, T. Li, M. Lours, A. N. Luiten, Y. Le Coq, and G. Santarelli, "An optical fibre pulse rate multiplier for ultra-low phase-noise signal generation", arXiv:1106.5195v1 (2011).
14. D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, "Carrierenvelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis", Science 288(5466), 635-639 (2000).
15. H. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. Sutter, and U. Keller, "Carrier-envelope offset phase control: A novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation", Appl. Phys. B 69(4), 327-332 (1999).
16. E. Ivanov, S. Diddams, and L. Hollberg, "Analysis of noise mechanisms limiting the frequency stability of microwave signals generated with a femtosecond laser", IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 9(4), 1059-1065 (2003).
17. J. Taylor, S. Datta, A. Hati, C. Nelson, F. Quinlan, A. Joshi, and S. Diddams, "Characterization of power-tophase conversion in high-speed p-i-n photodiodes", IEEE Photon. J. 3(1), 140-151 (2011).
18. D. D. Hudson, K. W. Holman, R. J. Jones, S. T. Cundiff, J. Ye, and D. J. Jones, "Mode-locked fiber laser frequency-controlled with an intracavity electro-optic modulator", Opt. Lett. 30(21), 2948-2950 (2005).
19. E. Baumann, F. R. Giorgetta, J. W. Nicholson, W. C. Swann, I. Coddington, and N. R. Newbury, "Highperformance, vibration-immune, fiber-laser frequency comb", Opt. Lett. 34(5), 638-640 (2009).
20. Y. Nakajima, H. Inaba, K. Hosaka, K. Minoshima, A. Onae, M. Yasuda, T. Kohno, S. Kawato, T. Kobayashi, T. Katsuyama, and F.-L. Hong, "A multi-branch, fiber-based frequency comb with millihertz-level relative linewidths using an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator", Opt. Express 18(2), 1667-1676 (2010).
21. Y. Nakajima, H. Inaba, K. Iwakuni, K. Hosaka, A. Onae, K. Minoshima, and F.-L. Hong, "All-fiber-based frequency comb with an intra-cavity waveguide electro-optic modulator", in 2010 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) and Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS), (2010).
22. H. Jiang, J. Taylor, F. Quinlan, T. Fortier, and S. Diddams, "Noise floor reduction of an Er:fiber laser-based photonic microwave generator", IEEE Photon. J. (to be published).
23. R. Drever, J. Hall, F. Kowalski, J. Hough, G. Ford, A. Munley, and H. Ward, "Laser phase and frequency stabilization using an optical resonator", Appl. Phys. B 31(2), 97-105 (1983).
24. L. Nelson, D. Jones, K. Tamura, H. Haus, and E. Ippen, "Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers", Appl. Phys. B 65(2), 277-294 (1997).
25. J. J. McFerran, W. C. Swann, B. R. Washburn, and N. R. Newbury, "Elimination of pump-induced frequency jitter on fiber-laser frequency combs", Opt. Lett. 31(13), 1997-1999 (2006).
26. W. C. Swann, J. J. McFerran, I. Coddington, N. R. Newbury, I. Hartl, M. E. Fermann, P. S. Westbrook, J. W. Nicholson, K. S. Feder, C. Langrock, and M. M. Fejer, "Fiber-laser frequency combs with subhertz relative linewidths", Opt. Lett. 31(20), 3046-3048 (2006).
27. N. Haverkamp, H. Hundertmark, C. Fallnich, and H. Telle, "Frequency stabilization of mode-locked Erbium fiber lasers using pump power control", Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 321-324 (2004).
28. B. R. Washburn, W. C. Swann, and N. R. Newbury, "Response dynamics of the frequency comb output from a femtosecond fiber laser", Opt. Express 13(26), 10622-10633 (2005).
29. E. N. Ivanov, M. E. Tobar, and R. A. Woode, "Microwave interferometry: application to precision measurements and noise reduction techniques", IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 45(6), 1526-1536 (1998).
30. A. Hati, D. A. Howe, F. L. Walls, and D. K. Walker, "Merits of PM noise measurement over noise figure: a study at microwave frequencies", IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 53(10), 1889-1894 (2006).
31. B. S. Sheard, M. B. Gray, and D. E. McClelland, "High-bandwidth laser frequency stabilization to a fiber-optic delay line", Appl. Opt. 45(33), 8491-8499 (2006).
32. S. Foster, A. Tikhomirov, and M. Milnes, "Fundamental thermal noise in distributed feedback fiber lasers", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 43(5), 378-384 (2007).
33. G. Gagliardi, M. Salza, S. Avino, P. Ferraro, and P. De Natale, "Probing the ultimate limit of fiber-optic strain sensing", Science 330(6007), 1081-1084 (2010).
34. M. J. Thorpe, D. R. Leibrandt, T. M. Fortier, and T. Rosenband, "Measurement and real-time cancellation of vibration-induced phase noise in a cavity-stabilized laser", Opt. Express 18(18), 18744-18751 (2010).
35. -16-level laser stabilization", Nat. Photonics 5(3), 158-161 (2011).
36. D. R. Leibrandt, M. J. Thorpe, M. Notcutt, R. E. Drullinger, T. Rosenband, and J. C. Bergquist, "Spherical reference cavities for frequency stabilization of lasers in non-laboratory environments", Opt. Express 19(4), 3471-3482 (2011).