Mitotic chromosome size scaling in Xenopus

Cell Cycle

Volumn 10, Issue 22, 2011, Pages 3863-3870

  Kieserman, Esther K ^a   Heald, Rebecca ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cell division; Egg extracts; Embryogenesis; Intracellular scaling; Mitotic chromosomes; Spindle; Xenopus

Indexed keywords

ANAPHASE; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BLASTULA; CELL CYCLE G2 PHASE; CELL SIZE; CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION; CHROMOSOME SIZE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA REPLICATION; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; EPIGENETICS; INTERPHASE; METAPHASE CHROMOSOME; MITOSIS; NEURULATION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEIC ACID ANALYSIS; SPERM; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

ANURA; XENOPUS LAEVIS; XENOPUS TROPICALIS;

EID: 81855212700     PISSN: 15384101     EISSN: 15514005     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.22.17975     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Hudakova S, Kunzel G, Endo TR, Schubert I. Barley chromosome arms longer than half of the spindle axis interfere with nuclear divisions. Cytogenet Genome Res 2002; 98:101-7; PMID:12584450; DOI:10.1159/000068530.
2. Schubert I, Oud JL. There is an upper limit of chromosome size for normal development of an organism. Cell 1997; 88:515-20; PMID:9038342; DOI:10.1016/ S0092-8674(00)81891-7.
3. Mora-Bermúdez F, Gerlich D, Ellenberg J. Maximal chromosome compaction occurs by axial shortening in anaphase and depends on Aurora kinase. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9:822-31; PMID:17558394; DOI:10.1038/ncb1606.
4. Lipp JJ, Hirota T, Poser I, Peters JM. Aurora B controls the association of condensin I but not condensin II with mitotic chromosomes. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:1245-55; PMID:17356064; DOI:10.1242/jcs.03425.
5. Levy DL, Heald R. Nuclear size is regulated by importin a and Ntf2 in Xenopus. Cell 2010; 143:288-98; PMID:20946986; DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.012.
6. Wühr M, Chen Y, Dumont S, Groen AC, Needleman DJ, Salic A, et al. Evidence for an upper limit to mitotic spindle length. Curr Biol 2008; 18:1256-61; PMID:18718761; DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2008.07.092.
7. Freedman BS, Heald R. Functional comparison of H1 histones in Xenopus reveals isoform-specific regulation by Cdk1 and RanGTP. Curr Biol 2010; 20:1048-52; PMID:20471264; DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2010.04.025.
8. Micheli G, Luzzatto AR, Carri MT, de Capoa A, Pelliccia F. Chromosome length and DNA loop size during early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis. Chromosoma 1993; 102:478-83; PMID:8375216; DOI:10.1007/BF00357103.
9. Brown KS, Blower MD, Maresca TJ, Grammer TC, Harland RM, Heald R. Xenopus tropicalis egg extracts provide insight into scaling of the mitotic spindle. J Cell Biol 2007; 176:765-70; PMID:17339377; DOI:10.1083/jcb.200610043.
10. Maresca TJ, Freedman BS, Heald R. Histone H1 is essential for mitotic chromosome architecture and segregation in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. J Cell Biol 2005; 169:859-69; PMID:15967810; DOI:10.1083/jcb.200503031.
11. Krylov V, Kubickova S, Rubes J, Macha J, Tlapakova T, Seifertova E, et al. Preparation of Xenopus tropicalis whole chromosome painting probes using laser microdissection and reconstruction of X. laevis tetraploid karyotype by Zoo-FISH. Chromosome Res 2010; 18:431-9; PMID:20390340; DOI:10.1007/s10577-010- 9127-x.
12. Kenney RD, Heald R. Essential roles for cohesin in kinetochore and spindle function in Xenopus egg extracts. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:5057-66; PMID:17158911; DOI:10.1242/jcs.03277.
13. Wühr M, Dumont S, Groen AC, Needleman DJ, Mitchison TJ. How does a millimeter-sized cell find its center? Cell Cycle 2009; 8:1115-21; PMID:19282671; DOI:10.4161/cc.8.8.8150.
14. Maresca TJ, Heald R. Methods for studying spindle assembly and chromosome condensation in Xenopus egg extracts. Methods Mol Biol 2006; 322:459-74; PMID:16739744; DOI:10.1007/978-1-59745-000-3-33.
15. Sugiyama S, Yoshino T, Kanahara H, Shichiri M, Fukushi D, Ohtani T. Effects of acetic acid treatment on plant chromosome structures analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Anal Biochem 2004; 324:39-44; PMID:14654043; DOI:10.1016/j.ab.2003.09.026.
16. Dietrich AJ. The influence of fixation on the morphology of mitotic chromosomes. Can J Genet Cytol 1986; 28:536-9; PMID:3530406.
17. Shechter D, Chitta RK, Xiao A, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Allis CD. A distinct H2A.X isoform is enriched in Xenopus laevis eggs and early embryos and is phosphorylated in the absence of a checkpoint. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106:749-54; PMID:19131518; DOI:10.1073/pnas.0812207106.
18. Shechter D, Nicklay JJ, Chitta RK, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Allis CD. Analysis of histones in Xenopus laevis. I. A distinct index of enriched variants and modifications exists in each cell type and is remodeled during developmental transitions. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:1064-74; PMID:18957438; DOI:10.1074/jbc.M807273200.
19. Belmont AS. Mitotic chromosome structure and condensation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2006; 18:632-8; PMID:17046228; DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2006.09.007.
20. Hudson DF, Marshall KM, Earnshaw WC. Condensin: Architect of mitotic chromosomes. Chromosome Res 2009; 17:131-44; PMID:19308696; DOI:10.1007/s10577- 008-9009-7.
21. Tapia-Alveal C, Outwin EA, Trempolec N, Dziadkowiec D, Murray JM, O'Connell MJ. SMC complexes and topoisomerase II work together so that sister chromatids can work apart. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:2065-70; PMID:20495382; DOI:10.4161/cc.9.11.11734.
22. Shintomi K, Hirano T. The relative ratio of condensin I to II determines chromosome shapes. Genes Dev 2011; 25:1464-9; PMID:21715560; DOI:10.1101/gad.2060311.
23. Bazile F, St-Pierre J, D'Amours D. Three-step model for condensin activation during mitotic chromosome condensation. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:3243-55; PMID:20703077; DOI:10.4161/cc.9.16.12620.
24. Neurohr G, Naegeli A, Titos I, Theler D, Greber B, Diez J, et al. A midzone-based ruler adjusts chromosome compaction to anaphase spindle length. Science 2011; 332:465-8; PMID:21393511; DOI:10.1126/science.1201578.
25. Murray AW. Cell cycle extracts. Methods Cell Biol 1991; 36:581-605; PMID:1839804; DOI:10.1016/S0091-679X(08)60298-8.
26. Sive HL, Grainger RM, Harland RM. Early Development of Xenopus laevis: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2000.
27. Lemaitre JM, Geraud G, Mechali M. Dynamics of the genome during early Xenopus laevis development: karyomeres as independent units of replication. J Cell Biol 1998; 142:1159-66; PMID:9732278; DOI:10.1083/jcb.142.5.1159.