The influence of watershed characteristics on nitrogen export to and marine fate in Hood Canal, Washington, USA

Biogeochemistry

Volumn 106, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 415-433

  Steinberg, Peter D ^a,c   Brett, Michael T ^a   Bechtold, J Scott ^a   Richey, Jeffrey E ^b   Porensky, Lauren M ^b   Smith, Suzanne N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c GoldSim Technology Group LLC   (United States)

Author keywords

Eutrophication; Hood Canal; Hypoxia; Nitrogen; Onsite septic systems; Puget Sound; Red alder; Stream chemistry

Indexed keywords

CATCHMENT; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DECIDUOUS TREE; DISSOLVED MATTER; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; EUPHOTIC ZONE; EUTROPHICATION; FJORD; MASS BALANCE; NITROGEN CYCLE; NITROGEN FIXATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; POPULATION DENSITY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SALINE INTRUSION; SALINITY; SEASONALITY; SEAWATER; STREAMFLOW; STREAMWATER; SURFACE LAYER; WASTEWATER;

HOOD CANAL; UNITED STATES; WASHINGTON [UNITED STATES];

ALNUS; ALNUS RUBRA;

EID: 81855166714     PISSN: 01682563     EISSN: 1573515X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10533-010-9521-7     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Akaike H (1970) Statistical predictor identification. Ann Inst Stat Math 22: 203-217.
2. Alberti M, Weeks R, Coe S (2004) Urban land cover change analysis for the central Puget Sound: 1991-1999. J Photogramm Eng Remote Sensing 70: 1043-1052.
3. Babson AL, Kawase A, MacCready P (2006) Seasonal and interannual variability in the circulation of Puget Sound, Washington: a box model study. Atmos Ocean 44: 29-45.
4. Bechtold JS, Edwards RT, Naiman RJ (2003) Biotic versus hydrologic control over seasonal nitrate leaching in a flood plain forest. Biogeochemistry 63: 53-71.
5. Binkley D, Cromack K, Baker DD (1994) Nitrogen fixation by red alder: biology, rates and controls. In: Hibbs DE, Debell DS, Tarrant RF (eds) The biology and management of red alder. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, pp 57-72.
6. Boyer EW, Howarth RW, Galloway JN, Dentener FJ, Green PA, Vorosmarty CJ (2006) Riverine nitrogen export from the continents to the coasts. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 20: GB1S91.
7. Brett MT, Arhonditsis GB, Mueller SE, Hartley DM, Frodge JD, Funke DE (2005) Non-point source nutrient impacts on stream nutrient and sediment concentrations along a forest to urban gradient. Environ Manage 35: 330-342.
8. Burnham KP, Anderson DR (2002) Model selection and multimodel inference: a practical information-theoretic approach, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, New York.
9. Busse LB, Gunkel G (2002) Riparian alder fens-source or sink for nutrients and dissolved organic carbon? 2. Major sources and sinks. Limnologica 32: 44-53.
10. Cairns MA, Lajtha K (2005) Effects of succession on nitrogen export in the west-central Cascades, Oregon. Ecosystems 8: 583-601.
11. Caraco NF, Cole JJ (1999) Human impact on nitrate export: an analysis using major world rivers. Ambio 28: 167-170.
12. Chan F, Barth JA, Lubchenco J, Kirincich A, Weeks H, Peterson WT, Menge BA (2008) Novel emergence of anoxia in the California Current System. Science 319: 920.
13. Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) (2008) US EPA air quality and deposition database. http://www. epa. gov/castnet/. Cited 1 Feb 2008.
14. Collias CE, McGary N, Barnes CA (1974) Atlas of physical and chemical properties of Puget Sound and its approaches. University of Washington Sea Grant Publication WSG 74-1.
15. 2-fixing red alder. Ecosystems 6: 773-785.
16. Connolly TP, Hickey BM, Geier SL, Cochlan WP (2010) Processes influencing seasonal hypoxia in the northern California Current System. J Geophys Res 115: C03021.
17. Creed IF, Band LE, Foster NW, Morrison IK, Nicolson JA, Semkin RS, Jeffries DS (1996) Regulation of nitrate-N release from temperate forests: a test of the N flushing hypothesis. Water Resour Res 32: 3337-3354.
18. Crites R, Tchobanoglous G (1998) Small and decentralized wastewater management systems. McGraw Hill Publishing Company, Boston.
19. Dafner EV, Mallin MA, Souza JJ, Wells HA, Parsons DC (2007) Nitrogen and phosphorus species in the coastal and shelf waters of Southeastern North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic US coast. Mar Chem 103: 289-303.
20. Diaz RJ, Rosenberg R (2008) Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science 321: 926-929.
21. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2002) Onsite wastewater treatment systems manual, EPA/625/R-00/008. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Research and Development.
22. Fenn ME, Poth MA, Aber JD, Baron JS, Bormann BT, Johnson DW, Lemly AD, McNulty SG, Ryan DF, Stottlemyer R (1998) Nitrogen excess in North American ecosystems: predisposing factors, ecosystem responses, and management strategies. Ecol Appl 8: 706-733.
23. Galloway JN, Dentener FJ, Capone DG, Boyer EW, Howarth RW, Seitzinger SP, Asner GP, Cleveland CC, Green PA, Holland EA, Karl DM, Michaels AF, Porter JH, Townsend AR, Vorosmarty CJ (2004) Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future. Biogeochemistry 70: 153-226.
24. Gergel SE, Turner MG, Kratz TK (1999) Dissolved organic carbon as an indicator of the scale of watershed influence on lakes and rivers. Ecol Appl 9: 1377-1390.
25. Green PA, Vorosmarty CJ, Meybeck M, Galloway JN, Peterson BJ, Boyer EW (2004) Pre-industrial and contemporary fluxes of nitrogen through rivers: a global assessment based on typology. Biogeochemistry 68: 71-105.
26. Hedin LO, Armesto JJ, Johnson AH (1995) Patterns of nutrient loss from unpolluted, old-growth temperate forests: evaluation of biogeochemical theory. Ecology 76: 493-509.
27. Hedin LO, von Fischer JC, Ostrom NE, Kennedy BP, Brown MG, Robertson GP (1998) Thermodynamic constraints on nitrogen transformations and other biogeochemical processes at soil-stream interfaces. Ecology 79: 684-703.
28. Hill AR (1996) Nitrate removal in stream riparian zones. J Environ Qual 25: 743-755.
29. Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program (HCDOP) (2008) Hood Canal water chemistry database. http://www. hoodcanal. washington. edu/. Cited 1 Feb 2008.
30. Howarth RW, Billen G, Swaney D, Townsend A, Jaworski N, Lajtha K, Downing JA, Elmgren R, Caraco N, Jordan T, Berendse F, Freney J, Kudeyarov V, Murdoch P, Zhu ZL (1996) Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N and P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: natural and human influences. Biogeochemistry 35: 75-139.
31. Hurd TM, Raynal DJ (2004) Comparison of nitrogen solute concentrations within alder (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa) and non-alder dominated wetlands. Hydrol Process 18: 2681-2697.
32. 2 fixation of Alnus incana ssp. rugosa in shrub wetlands of the Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA. Oecologia 126: 94-103.
33. Imhoff ML, Tucker CJ, Lawrence WT, Stutzer DC (2000) The use of multisource satellite and geospatial data to study the effect of urbanization on primary productivity in the United States. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 38: 2549-2556.
34. Jassby AD (1999) Uncovering mechanisms of interannual variability from short ecological time series. In: Scow KM, Fogg GE, Hinton DE, Johnson ML (eds) Integrated assessment of ecosystem health. Lewis, Boca Raton, pp 285-306.
35. Jaworski NA, Groffman PM, Keller AA, Prager JC (1992) A watershed nitrogen and phosphorus balance: the upper Potomac River basin. Estuaries 15: 83-95.
36. Kelly VR, Weathers KC, Lovett GM, Likens GE (2009) Effect of climate change between 1984 and 2007 on precipitation chemistry at a site in northeastern USA. Environ Sci Technol 43: 3461-3466.
37. Kemp WM, Boynton WR, Adolf JE, Boesch DF, Boicourt WC, Brush G, Cornwell JC, Fisher TR, Glibert PM, Hagy JD, Harding LW, Houde ED, Kimmel DG, Miller WD, Newell RIE, Roman MR, Smith EM, Stevenson JC (2005) Eutrophication of Chesapeake Bay: historical trends and ecological interactions. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 303: 1-29.
38. Koh CN, Lee PF, Lin RS (2006) Bird species richness patterns of northern Taiwan: primary productivity, human population density, and habitat heterogeneity. Divers Distrib 12: 546-554.
39. Mackas DL, Harrison PJ (1997) Nitrogenous nutrient sources and sinks in the Juan de Fuca Straight/Straight of Georgia/Puget Sound estuarine system: assessing the potential for eutrophication. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 44: 1-21.
40. McCray JE, Kirkland SL, Siegrist RL, Thyne GD (2005) Model parameters for simulating fate and transport of on-site wastewater nutrients. Ground Water 43: 628-639.
41. NASA Landsat Program (2001) Landsat ETM+ scene LE70470272000212EDC00, Precision Geocorrection. USGS, Sioux Falls, 07/30/2000.
42. National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) (2008) Illinois State Water Survey. http://nadp. sws. uiuc. edu/. Cited 1 Feb 2008.
43. Newton JA, Thomson AL, Eisner LB, Hannach GA, Albertson SL (1995) Dissolved oxygen concentrations in Hood Canal: are conditions different than forty years ago? In: Puget Sound research '95 proceedings, Puget Sound water quality authority, Olympia.
44. Nixon SW (1997) Prehistoric nutrient inputs and productivity in Narragansett Bay. Estuaries 20: 253-261.
45. Paerl HW (2006) Assessing and managing nutrient-enhanced eutrophication in estuarine and coastal waters: interactive effects of human and climatic perturbations. Ecol Eng 26: 40-54.
46. Paerl HW, Dennis RL, Whitall DR (2002) Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen: Implications for nutrient over-enrichment of coastal waters. Estuaries 4B: 677-693.
47. Paulson AJ, Konrad CP, Frans LM, Noble MA, Kendall C, Josberger EG, Huffman RL, Olsen TD (2006) Freshwater and saline loads of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to Hood Canal and Lynch Cove, western Washington. U. S. Geological Survey scientific investigations report 2006-5106, 91 pp.
48. Perakis SS, Hedin LO (2002) Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds. Nature 418: 416-419.
49. Peterson DL, Schreiner EG, Buckingham NM (1997) Gradients, vegetation and climate: spatial and temporal dynamics in the Olympic Mountains, USA. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 6: 7-17.
50. Riggan PJ, Lockwood RN, Lopez EN (1985) Deposition and processing of airborne nitrogen pollutants in Mediterranean-type ecosystems of southern California. Environ Sci Technol 19: 781-789.
51. Salvia-Castellvi M, Iffly JF, Borght PV, Hoffman L (2005) Dissolved and particulate nutrient export from rural catchments: a case study from Luxembourg. Sci Total Environ 344: 51-65.
52. Scott D, Harvey J, Alexander R, Schwarz G (2007) Dominance of organic nitrogen from headwater streams to large rivers across the conterminous United States. Global Biogeochem Cycles 21: GB1003.
53. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database (2006) Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. http://soildatamart. nrcs. usda. gov. Cited 15 Jun 2006.
54. Sollins P, Grier CC, McCorison FM, Cromack K, Fogel R (1980) The internal element cycles of an old growth Douglas-fir ecosystem in western Oregon. Ecol Monogr 50: 261-285.
55. Tchobanoglous G, Burton FL, Stensel HD (2003) Wastewater engineering treatment and reuse. McGraw-Hill, Boston.
56. Triska FJ, Sedell JR, Cromack K, Gregory SV, McCorison FM (1984) Nitrogen budget for a small coniferous stream. Ecol Monogr 54: 119-140.
57. Valiela I, Collins G, Kremer J, Lajtha K, Geist M, Seely B, Brawley J, Sham CH (1997) Nitrogen loading from coastal watersheds to receiving estuaries: new method and application. Ecol Appl 7: 358-380.
58. van Pelt R, O'Keefe TC, Latterell JJ, Naiman RJ (2006) Riparian forest stand development along the Queets River in Olympic National Park, Washington. Ecol Monogr 76: 277-298.
59. Vitousek PM, Aber JD, Howarth RW, Likens GE, Matson PA, Schindler DW, Shlesinger WH, Tilman DG (1997) Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences. Ecol Appl 7: 737-750.
60. Wetzel RG (1992) Gradient-dominated ecosystems-sources and regulatory functions of dissolved organic matter in freshwater ecosystems. Hydrobiologia 229: 181-198.
61. Whitall D, Hendrickson B, Paerl H (2003) Importance of atmospherically deposited nitrogen to the annual nitrogen budget of the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina. Environ Int 29: 393-399.
62. 2)ase activity by Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Betulaceae) in the northern hardwood forest. Am J Bot 70: 30-39.