Pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of flooring to reduce injuries from falls in elderly care units:Study protocol

Injury Prevention

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1-10

  Drahota, Amy ^a   Gal, Diane ^b   Windsor, Julie ^c   Dixon, Simon ^d   Udell, Julie ^a   Ward, Derek ^a   Soilemezi, Dia ^a   Dean, Taraneh ^a   Severs, Martin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PORTSMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^b Public Health Research Consultant   (France)

^c PORTSMOUTH HOSPITALS NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 81855164784     PISSN: 13538047     EISSN: 14755785     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2011-040154     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Chang JT, Morton SC, Rubenstein LZ, et al. Interventions for the prevention of falls n older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 2004; 328: 680-3.
2. Vassallo M, Vignaraja R, Sharma JC, et al. The relationship of falls to injury among hospital in-patients. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59: 17-20.
3. Kerzman H, Chetrit A, Brin L, et al. Characteristics of falls in hospitalized patients. J Adv Nurs 2004;47:223-9.
4. Kannus P, Parkkari J, Sievänen H, et al. Epidemiology of hip fractures. Bone 1996;18:S57-63.
5. Lauritzen JB. Hip fractures: incidence, risk factors, energy absorption, and prevention. Bone 1996;18:S57-63.
6. Stevens JA. Falls among older adults: risk factors and prevention strategies. J Safety Res 2005;36:409-11.
7. Morse JM, Prowse MD, Morrow N, et al. A retrospective analysis of patient falls. Can J Public Health 1985;76:116-18.
8. National Audit Office. Health and safety in NHS acute trusts in England. London:The Stationary Office, 1996.
9. Zacker C, Shea D. An economic evaluation of energy-absorbing flooring to prevent hip fractures. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1998;14:446-57.
10. Robinson D. A sure footing. Hosp Dev 2001;32-33.
11. Oliver D. Prevention of falls in hospital inpatients: agendas for research and practice. Age Ageing 2004;33:328-30.
12. Parker MJ, Gillespie WJ, Gillespie LD. Hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 3: CD001255.
13. Department of Health and the Design Council. Design for patient safety: a system-wide design-led approach to tackling patient safety in the NHS. London: DoH Publications, 2003.
14. Ulrich R, Zimring C. The role of the physical environment in the hospital of the 21st century: a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Martinez, CA: The Centre for Health Design, 2004.
15. Nabhani F, Bamford JS. Impact properties of floor coverings and their role during simulated hip fractures. J Mater Process Technol 2004;153-4:139-44.
16. Maki BE, Fernie GR. Impact attenuation of floor coverings in simulated falling accidents. Appl Ergon 1990;21:107-14.
17. Gardner TN, Simpson AHRW, Booth P, et al. Measurement of impact force, simulation of fall and hip fracture. Med Eng Phys 1998;20:57-65.
18. Minns J, Nabhani F, Bamford J. Can flooring and underlay materials reduce hip fractures in older people? Nurs Older People 2004;16:16-20.
19. Casalena JA, Ovaert TC, Cavanagh PR, et al. The Penn State safety floor: part Iddesign parameters associated with walking deflections. J Biomech Eng 1998;120:518-26.
20. Casalena JA, Badre-Alam A, Ovaert TC, et al. The Penn State safety floor: part IIdreduction of fall-related peak impact forces on the femur. J Biomech Eng 1998;120:527-32.
21. Hayes WC, Myers ER, Robinovitch SN, et al. Etiology and prevention of age-related hip fractures. Bone 1996;18:S77-86.
22. Simpson AHRW, Lamb S, Roberts PJ, et al. Does the type of flooring affect the risk of hip fracture? Age Ageing 2004;33:242-6.
23. Healey F. Does flooring type affect risk of injury in older in-patients? Nurs Times 1994;90:40-1.
24. Drahota A, Gal D, Windsor J. Flooring as an intervention to reduce injuries from falls in healthcare settings: an overview. Qual Ageing 2007;8:3-8.
25. Hitcho EB, Krauss MJ, Birge S, et al. Characteristics and circumstances of falls in a hospital setting. A prospective analysis. J Gen Intern Med 2004;19:732-9.
26. Donner A, Brown K, Brasher P. A methodological review of non-therapeutic intervention trials employing cluster randomization 1979e89. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19:795-800.
27. Drahota A, Stores R, Ward D, et al. Sensory environment on health related outcomes of hospital patients (protocol). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; 4: CD005315.
28. Kerry SM, Bland JM. The intracluster correlation coefficient in cluster randomization. BMJ 1998;316:1455-60.
29. Barnes S. The design of caring environments and the quality of life of older people. Ageing Soc 2002;22:775-89.
30. Moos RH, Lemke S. Evaluating residential facilities. London: Sage, 1996.
31. Lawton MP, Weisman G, Sloane P, et al. A 'Professional Environmental Assessment Procedure' for special care units for elders with dementing illness and its relationship to the 'Therapeutic Environment Screening Schedule'. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2000;14:28-38.
32. Sloane PD, Mitchell CM, Weisman G, et al. The Therapeutic Environment Screening Survey for Nursing Homes (TESS-NH): an observational instrument for assessing the physical environment of institutional settings for persons with dementia. J Gerontol 2002;57B:S69-78.
33. Zeizel J, Hyde J, Levkoff S. Best practices: an environmentebehavior model for Alzheimer special care units. Am J Alzheimer's Care and Related Disorders and Research 1994;9:4-21.
34. Slaughter S, Calkins M, Eliasziw M, et al. Measuring physical and social environments in nursing homes for people with middle- to late-stage dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006;54:1436-41.
35. Bowers A. Therapeutic Environment Screening Survey for Nursing Homes (TESS-NH): an overview for potential users. Program on Aging, Disability, and Long-term Care. http://www.unc.edu/depts/tessnh/tess_info.htm (accessed 7 Jun 2011).
36. Parker C, Barnes S, McKee K, et al. Quality of life and building design in residential and nursing homes for older people. Ageing Soc 2004;24:941-62.
37. DH Estates and Facilities. Achieving excellence in design evaluation toolkit summary. DH Estates and Facilities, 2008. http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/ Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_082089 (accessed 7 Jun 2011).
38. Healey F, Scobie S. The third report from the Patient Safety Observatory: slips, trips and falls in hospital. London: National Patient Safety Agency, 2007.
39. The World Health Organisation fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX).http://www. shef.ac.uk/FRAX/tool.jsp?country1/41 (accessed 29 Jun 2011).
40. Leslie WD, Hans D. On lumpers and splitters: the FRAX debate continues. J Bone Miner Res 2009;24:1789-92.
41. Oliver D, Daly F, Martin FC, et al. Risk factors and risk assessment tools for falls in hospital in-patients: a systematic review. Age Ageing 2004;33:122-30.
42. Altman DG, Bland JM. Statistical notes: units of analysis. BMJ 1997;314:1874.
43. Munden D. Transatlantic flooring. Hosp Dev 2006;38:31.
44. Department of Health. Sustainable development: environmental strategy for the National Health Service. London: The Stationary Office, 2006.
45. Health & Safety Executive, Slips Assessment Tool website (frequently asked questions). http://www.hsesat.info/satFAQ.asp (accessed Nov 2006).
46. Chilcott J, Brennan A, Booth A, et al. The role of modelling in prioritising and planning clinical trials. Health Technol Assess 2003;7:1-125.
47. EuroQoL Group. What is EQ-5D. http://www.euroqol.org/eq-5d/what-is-eq-5d.html (accessed Jun 2011).
48. Thorne CG. Flooring for geriatric wards: report of an investigation at West Middlesex Hospital. The Builder 1963;March 15:557-9.
49. Burnard P. A method of analysing interview transcripts in qualitative research. Nurse Educ Today 1991;11:461-6.
50. Campbell MK, Elbourne DR, Altman DG. CONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials. BMJ 2004;328:702-8