Horizontal gene transfer in Histophilus somni and its role in the evolution of pathogenic strain 2336, as determined by comparative genomic analyses

BMC Genomics

Volumn 12, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Siddaramappa, Shivakumara ^a,b   Challacombe, Jean F ^b   Duncan, Alison J ^a   Gillaspy, Allison F ^c   Carson, Matthew ^c   Gipson, Jenny ^c   Orvis, Joshua ^c   Zaitshik, Jeremy ^c   Barnes, Gentry ^c   Bruce, David ^b   Chertkov, Olga ^b   Detter, J Chris ^b   Han, Cliff S ^b   Tapia, Roxanne ^b   Thompson, Linda S ^b   Dyer, David W ^c   Inzana, Thomas J ^a  

^a CENTER FOR MOLECULAR MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^b LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADHESIN; COPPER; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE; HEMAGGLUTININ; POLYSACCHARIDE; TETRACYCLINE; ZINC; BACTERIAL DNA;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIOPHAGE; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE LOCUS; GENE NUMBER; GENE REARRANGEMENT; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC CODE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HISTOPHILUS SOMNI; HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OPEN READING FRAME; PASTEURELLACEAE; PATHOGENICITY; PHENOTYPE; PROPHAGE; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; TRANSPOSON; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; GENETICS;

BOS; HISTOPHILUS SOMNI; PASTEURELLACEAE;

CHROMOSOMES, BACTERIAL; COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; DNA, BACTERIAL; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; GENE TRANSFER, HORIZONTAL; GENES, BACTERIAL; PASTEURELLACEAE;

EID: 81555237347     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712164     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-570     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Inzana TJ. The Haemophilus somnus complex. Current Veterinary Therapy 4 1999, 358-361. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co., Howard JL, Smith RA, 4.
2. Corbeil LB. Histophilus somni host-parasite relationships. Anim Health Res Rev 2007, 8:151-160. 10.1017/S1466252307001417, 18218158.
3. Widders PR, Dorrance LA, Yarnall M, Corbeil LB. Immunoglobulin-binding activity among pathogenic and carrier isolates of Haemophilus somnus. Infect Immun 1989, 57:639-642. 313146, 2912900.
4. Corbeil L, Gogolewski R, Stephens L, Inzana T. Haemophilus somnus: antigen analysis and immune responses. Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, and Pasteurella\ 1995, 63-73. New York: Plenum Press, Donachie W, Lainson F, Hodgson J.
5. Wu Y, McQuiston JH, Cox A, Pack TD, Inzana TJ. Molecular cloning and mutagenesis of a DNA locus involved in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis in Haemophilus somnus. Infect Immun 2000, 68:310-319. 10.1128/IAI.68.1.310-319.2000, 97136, 10603403.
6. Cole SP, Guiney DG, Corbeil LB. Molecular analysis of a gene encoding a serum-resistance-associated 76 kDa surface antigen of Haemophilus somnus. J Gen Microbiol 1993, 139:2135-2143.
7. McQuiston JH, McQuiston JR, Cox AD, Wu Y, Boyle SM, Inzana TJ. Characterization of a DNA region containing 5'-(CAAT)(n)-3' DNA sequences involved in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis in Haemophilus somnus. Microb Pathog 2000, 28:301-312. 10.1006/mpat.1999.0351, 10799280.
8. Inzana TJ, Gogolewski RP, Corbeil LB. Phenotypic phase variation in Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide during bovine pneumonia and after in vitro passage. Infect Immun 1992, 60:2943-2951. 257258, 1612761.
9. Inzana TJ, Glindemann G, Cox AD, Wakarchuk W, Howard MD. Incorporation of N-acetylneuraminic acid into Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide (LOS): enhancement of resistance to serum and reduction of LOS antibody binding. Infect Immun 2002, 70:4870-4879. 10.1128/IAI.70.9.4870-4879.2002, 128230, 12183531.
10. Corbeil LB, Bastida-Corcuera FD, Beveridge TJ. Haemophilus somnus immunoglobulin binding proteins and surface fibrils. Infect Immun 1997, 65:4250-4257. 175610, 9317034.
11. Fraser CM, Eisen J, Fleischmann RD, Ketchum KA, Peterson S. Comparative genomics and understanding of microbial biology. Emerg Infect Dis 2000, 6:505-512. 10.3201/eid0605.000510, 2627966, 10998382.
12. Challacombe JF, Inzana TJ. Comparative genomics of Pasteurellaceae. Pasteurellaceae: Biology, Genomics, and Molecular Aspects\ 2008, 53-77. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press, Kuhnert P, Christensen H.
13. Challacombe JF, Duncan AJ, Brettin TS, Bruce D, Chertkov O, Detter JC, Han CS, Misra M, Richardson P, Tapia R, Thayer N, Xie G, Inzana TJ. Complete genome sequence of Haemophilus somnus (Histophilus somni) strain 129Pt and comparison to Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP and Haemophilus influenzae Rd. J Bacteriol 2007, 189:1890-1898. 10.1128/JB.01422-06, 1855741, 17172329.
14. Hacker J, Blum-Oehler G, Muhldorfer I, Tschape H. Pathogenicity islands of virulent bacteria: structure, function and impact on microbial evolution. Mol Microbiol 1997, 23:1089-1097. 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3101672.x, 9106201.
15. Olson M. When less is more: gene loss as an engine of evolutionary change. Am J Hum Genet 1999, 64:18-23. 10.1086/302219, 1377697, 9915938.
16. St Michael F, Li J, Howard MD, Duncan AJ, Inzana TJ, Cox AD. Structural analysis of the oligosaccharide of Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus) strain 2336 and identification of several lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis gene homologues. Carbohydr Res 2005, 340:665-672. 10.1016/j.carres.2004.12.029, 15721338.
17. Corbeil LB, Blau K, Prieur DJ, Ward AC. Serum susceptibility of Haemophilus somnus from bovine clinical cases and carriers. J Clin Microbiol 1985, 22(2):192-198. 268357, 4031034.
18. Lander ES, Waterman MS. Genomic mapping by fingerprinting random clones: a mathematical analysis. Genomics 1988, 2:231-239. 10.1016/0888-7543(88)90007-9, 3294162.
19. Chissoe SL, Wang YF, Clifton SW, Ma N, Sun HJ, Lobsinger JS, Kenton SM, White JD, Roe BA. Strategies for rapid and accurate DNA sequencing. Methods: Companion Methods Enzymol 1991, 3:55-65.
20. Munson RS, Harrison A, Gillaspy A, Ray WC, Carson M, Armbruster D, Gipson J, Gipson M, Johnson L, Lewis L, Dyer DW, Bakaletz LO. Partial analysis of the genomes of two nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae otitis media isolates. Infect Immun 2004, 72:3002-3010. 10.1128/IAI.72.5.3002-3010.2004, 387840, 15102813.
21. Karlyshev AV, Pallen MJ, Wren BW. Single-primer PCR procedure for rapid identification of transposon insertion sites. Biotechniques 2000, 28:1078.
22. Gordon D, Desmarais C, Green P. Automated finishing with autofinish. Genome Res 2001, 11:614-625. 10.1101/gr.171401, 311035, 11282977.
23. Han CS, Chain P. Finishing repeat regions automatically with Dupfinisher. Proc 2006 Int Conf Bioinformatics Comput Biol\ 2006, 141-146. Las Vegas, NV.: CSREA Press, Arabnia HR, and H. Valafar.
24. Anonymous Transposon-based strategies for efficient DNA sequencing and functional genomics (available online at http://www.epibio.com/forum_issue.asp. EPICENTRE Forum 2004, 11:22-23. Anonymous.
25. Finn RD, Mistry J, Schuster-Bockler B, Griffiths-Jones S, Hollich V, Lassmann T, Moxon S, Marshall M, Khanna A, Durbin R, Eddy SR, Sonnhammer ELL, Bateman A. Pfam: clans, web tools and services. Nucleic Acids Res 2006, (34 Database):D247-D251.
26. Smith TF, Waterman MS. Identification of common molecular subsequences. J Mol Biol 1981, 147:195-197. 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90087-5, 7265238.
27. Aziz RK, Bartels D, Best AA, DeJongh M, Disz T, Edwards RA, Formsma K, Gerdes S, Glass EM, Kubal M, Meyer F, Olsen GJ, Olson R, Osterman AL, Overbeek RA, McNeil LK, Paarmann D, Paczian T, Parrello B, Pusch GD, Reich C, Stevens R, Vassieva O, Vonstein V, Wilke A, Zagnitko O. The RAST Server: rapid annotations using subsystems technology. BMC Genomics 2008, 9:75. 10.1186/1471-2164-9-75, 2265698, 18261238.
28. Darling AC, Mau B, Blattner FR, Perna NT. Mauve: multiple alignment of conserved genomic sequence with rearrangements. Genome Res 2004, 14:1394-1403. 10.1101/gr.2289704, 442156, 15231754.
29. Darling AE, Treangen TJ, Messeguer X, Perna NT. Analyzing patterns of microbial evolution using the mauve genome alignment system. Methods Mol Biol 2007, 396:135-152. 10.1007/978-1-59745-515-2_10, 18025691.
30. Delcher AL, Phillippy A, Carlton J, Salzberg SL. Fast algorithms for large-scale genome alignment and comparison. Nucleic Acids Res 2002, 30:2478-2483. 10.1093/nar/30.11.2478, 117189, 12034836.
31. Lima-Mendez G, Van Helden J, Toussaint A, Leplae R. Prophinder: a computational tool for prophage prediction in prokaryotic genomes. Bioinform 2008, 24:863-865.
32. Langille MG, Hsiao WW, Brinkman FS. Detecting genomic islands using bioinformatics approaches. Nature Rev Microbiol 2010, 8:373-382.
33. Markowitz VM, Chen IM, Palaniappan K, Chu K, Szeto E, Grechkin Y, Ratner A, Anderson I, Lykidis A, Mavromatis K, Ivanova NN, Kyrpides NC. The integrated microbial genomes system: an expanding comparative analysis resource. Nucleic Acids Res 2010, (38 Database):D382-D390.
34. Siddaramappa S, Duncan AJ, Brettin T, Inzana TJ. Comparative analyses of two cryptic plasmids from Haemophilus somnus (Histophilus somni). Plasmid 2006, 55:227-234. 10.1016/j.plasmid.2005.11.004, 16443273.
35. Feschotte C. Merlin, a new superfamily of DNA transposons identified in diverse animal genomes and related to bacterial IS1016 insertion sequences. Mol Biol Evol 2004, 21:1769-1780. 10.1093/molbev/msh188, 15190130.
36. Siguier P, Gagnevin L, Chandler M. The new IS1595 family, its relation to IS1 and the frontier between insertion sequences and transposons. Res Microbiol 2009, 160:232-241. 10.1016/j.resmic.2009.02.003, 19286454.
37. Elswaifi SF, St Michael F, Sreenivas A, Cox A, Carman GM, Inzana TJ. Molecular characterization of phosphorylcholine expression on the lipooligosaccharide of Histophilus somni. Microb Pathog 2009, 47:223-230. 10.1016/j.micpath.2009.08.001, 19682567.
38. St Michael F, Howard MD, Li J, Duncan AJ, Inzana TJ, Cox AD. Structural analysis of the lipooligosaccharide from the commensal Haemophilus somnus genome strain 129Pt. Carbohydr Res 2004, 339:529-535. 10.1016/j.carres.2003.10.032, 15013390.
39. Ward CK, Lumbley SR, Latimer JL, Cope LD, Hansen EJ. Haemophilus ducreyi secretes a filamentous hemagglutinin-like protein. J Bacteriol 1998, 180:6013-6022. 107678, 9811662.
40. Tillier ER, Collins RA. Genome rearrangement by replication-directed translocation. Nat Genet 2000, 26:195-197. 10.1038/79918, 11017076.
41. Brussow H, Canchaya C, Hardt WD. Phages and the evolution of bacterial pathogens: from genomic rearrangements to lysogenic conversion. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2004, 68:560-602. 10.1128/MMBR.68.3.560-602.2004, 515249, 15353570.
42. Canchaya C, Fournous G, Brussow H. The impact of prophages on bacterial chromosomes. Mol Microbiol 2004, 53:9-18. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04113.x, 15225299.
43. Moret BME, Bader DA, Warnow T. High-performance algorithm engineering for computational phylogenetics. J Supercomput 2002, 22:99-111.
44. Harrison A, Dyer DW, Gillaspy A, Ray WC, Mungur R, Carson MB, Zhong H, Gipson J, Gipson M, Johnson LS, Lewis L, Bakaletz LO, Munson RS. Genomic sequence of an otitis media isolate of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: comparative study with H. influenzae serotype d, strain KW20. J Bacteriol 2005, 187:4627-4636. 10.1128/JB.187.13.4627-4636.2005, 1151754, 15968074.
45. Fleischmann RD, Adams MD, White O, Clayton RA, Kirkness EF, Kerlavage AR, Bult CJ, Tomb JF, Dougherty BA, Merrick JM, Sutton G, FitzHugh W, Fields C, Gocayne JD, Scott J, Shirley R, Liu L-I, Glodek A, Kelly JM, Weidman JF, Phillips CA, Spriggs T, Hadblom E, Cotton MD, Utterback TR, Hanna MC, Nguyen DT, Saudek DM, Brandon RC, Fine LD, et al. Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd. Science 1995, 269:496-512. 10.1126/science.7542800, 7542800.
46. Lundborg M, Modhukur V, Widmalm G. Glycosyltransferase functions of E. coli O-antigens. Glycobiol 20:366-368.
47. Inzana TJ, Swords WE, Sandal I, Siddaramappa S. Lipopolysaccharides, biofilms and quorum sensing in Pasteurellaceae. Pasteurellaceae: Biology, Genomics and Molecular Aspects\ 2008, 177-195. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press, Kuhnert P, Christensen H.
48. Jacob-Dubuisson F, Locht C, Antoine R. Two-partner secretion in Gram-negative bacteria: a thrifty, specific pathway for large virulence proteins. Mol Microbiol 2001, 40:306-313. 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02278.x, 11309114.
49. Fuller TE, Kennedy MJ, Lowery DE. Identification of Pasteurella multocida virulence genes in a septicemic mouse model using signature-tagged mutagenesis. Microb Pathog 2000, 29:25-38. 10.1006/mpat.2000.0365, 10873488.
50. Ward CK, Mock JR, Hansen EJ. The LspB protein is involved in the secretion of the LspA1 and LspA2 proteins by Haemophilus ducreyi. Infect Immun 2004, 72:1874-1884. 10.1128/IAI.72.4.1874-1884.2004, 375143, 15039306.
51. May BJ, Zhang Q, Li LL, Paustian ML, Whittam TS, Kapur V. Complete genomic sequence of Pasteurella multocida, Pm70. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:3460-3465. 10.1073/pnas.051634598, 30675, 11248100.
52. Clantin B, Hodak H, Willery E, Locht C, Jacob-Dubuisson F, Villeret V. The crystal structure of filamentous hemagglutinin secretion domain and its implications for the two-partner secretion pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101:6194-6199. 10.1073/pnas.0400291101, 395945, 15079085.
53. Weaver TM, Hocking JM, Bailey LJ, Wawrzyn GT, Howard DR, Sikkink LA, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Thompson JR. Structural and functional studies of truncated hemolysin A from Proteus mirabilis. J Biol Chem 2009, 284:22297-22309. 10.1074/jbc.M109.014431, 2755953, 19494116.
54. Hodak H, Clantin B, Willery E, Villeret V, Locht C, Jacob-Dubuisson F. Secretion signal of the filamentous haemagglutinin, a model two-partner secretion substrate. Mol Microbiol 2006, 61:368-382. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05242.x, 16771844.
55. Worby CA, Mattoo S, Kruger RP, Corbeil LB, Koller A, Mendez JC, Zekarias B, Lazar C, Dixon JE. The fic domain: regulation of cell signaling by adenylylation. Mol Cell 2009, 34:93-103. 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.03.008, 2820730, 19362538.
56. Zekarias B, Mattoo S, Worby C, Lehmann J, Rosenbusch RF, Corbeil LB. Histophilus somni IbpA DR2/Fic in virulence and immunoprotection at the natural host alveolar epithelial barrier. Infect Immun 2010, 78:1850-1858. 10.1128/IAI.01277-09, 2863524, 20176790.
57. Siezen RJ, Leunissen JA. Subtilases: the superfamily of subtilisin-like serine proteases. Protein Sci 1997, 6:501-523. 2143677, 9070434.
58. Siezen RJ, Renckens B, Boekhorst J. Evolution of prokaryotic subtilases: genome-wide analysis reveals novel subfamilies with different catalytic residues. Proteins 2007, 67:681-694. 10.1002/prot.21290, 17348030.
59. Yamamoto S, Kiyokawa K, Tanaka K, Moriguchi K, Suzuki K. Novel toxin-antitoxin system composed of serine protease and AAA-ATPase homologues determines the high level of stability and incompatibility of the tumor-inducing plasmid pTiC58. J Bacteriol 2009, 191:4656-4666. 10.1128/JB.00124-09, 2704731, 19447904.
60. Paton AW, Srimanote P, Talbot UM, Wang H, Paton JC. A new family of potent AB(5) cytotoxins produced by Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli. J Exp Med 2004, 200:35-46. 10.1084/jem.20040392, 2213318, 15226357.
61. Yahiro K, Morinaga N, Satoh M, Matsuura G, Tomonaga T, Nomura F, Moss J, Noda M. Identification and characterization of receptors for vacuolating activity of subtilase cytotoxin. Mol Microbiol 2006, 62:480-490. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05379.x, 16965518.
62. Dobrindt U, Hochhut B, Hentschel U, Hacker J. Genomic islands in pathogenic and environmental microorganisms. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004, 2:414-424. 10.1038/nrmicro884, 15100694.
63. Cornelissen CN. Transferrin-iron uptake by Gram-negative bacteria. Front Biosci 2003, 8:d836-847. 10.2741/1076, 12700102.
64. Ekins A, Bahrami F, Sijercic A, Maret D, Niven DF. Haemophilus somnus possesses two systems for acquisition of transferrin-bound iron. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:4407-4411. 10.1128/JB.186.13.4407-4411.2004, 421612, 15205447.
65. Geertsema RS, Kimball RA, Corbeil LB. Bovine plasma proteins increase virulence of Haemophilus somnus in mice. Microb Pathog 2007, 42:22-28. 10.1016/j.micpath.2006.10.001, 17125964.
66. Hultgren SJ, Abraham S, Caparon M, Falk P, St Geme JW, Normark S. Pilus and nonpilus bacterial adhesins: assembly and function in cell recognition. Cell 1993, 73:887-901. 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90269-V, 8098994.
67. Kline KA, Falker S, Dahlberg S, Normark S, Henriques-Normark B. Bacterial adhesins in host-microbe interactions. Cell Host Microbe 2009, 5:580-592. 10.1016/j.chom.2009.05.011, 19527885.
68. Jurcisek JA, Bakaletz LO. Biofilms formed by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in vivo contain both double-stranded DNA and type IV pilin protein. J Bacteriol 2007, 189:3868-3875. 10.1128/JB.01935-06, 1913342, 17322318.
69. Hoiczyk E, Roggenkamp A, Reichenbecher M, Lupas A, Heesemann J. Structure and sequence analysis of Yersinia YadA and Moraxella UspAs reveal a novel class of adhesins. EMBO J 2000, 19:5989-5999. 10.1093/emboj/19.22.5989, 305836, 11080146.
70. Heise T, Dersch P. Identification of a domain in Yersinia virulence factor YadA that is crucial for extracellular matrix-specific cell adhesion and uptake. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006, 103:3375-3380. 10.1073/pnas.0507749103, 1413876, 16488979.
71. Lawrenz MB, Lenz JD, Miller VL. A novel autotransporter adhesin is required for efficient colonization during bubonic plague. Infect Immun 2009, 77:317-326. 10.1128/IAI.01206-08, 2612260, 18936182.
72. Gerlach RG, Hensel M. Protein secretion systems and adhesins: the molecular armory of Gram-negative pathogens. Int J Med Microbiol 2007, 297:401-415. 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.03.017, 17482513.
73. Sandal I, Shao JQ, Annadata S, Apicella MA, Boye M, Jensen TK, Saunders GK, Inzana TJ. Histophilus somni biofilm formation in cardiopulmonary tissue of the bovine host following respiratory challenge. Microbes Infect 2009, 11:254-263. 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.11.011, 19095078.
74. Smith MS, Yang RK, Knapp CW, Niu Y, Peak N, Hanfelt MM, Galland JC, Graham DW. Quantification of tetracycline resistance genes in feedlot lagoons by real-time PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004, 70:7372-7377. 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7372-7377.2004, 535139, 15574938.
75. Van Donkersgoed J, Janzen ED, Potter AA, Harland RJ. The occurrence of Haemophilus somnus in feedlot calves and its control by postarrival prophylactic mass medication. Can Vet J 1994, 35:573-580. 1686310, 7994720.
76. Watts JL, Yancey RJ, Salmon SA, Case CA. A 4-year survey of antimicrobial susceptibility trends for isolates from cattle with bovine respiratory disease in North America. J Clin Microbiol 1994, 32:725-731. 263115, 8195385.
77. Mohd-Zain Z, Turner SL, Cerdeno-Tarraga AM, Lilley AK, Inzana TJ, Duncan AJ, Harding RM, Hood DW, Peto TE, Crook DW. Transferable antibiotic resistance elements in Haemophilus influenzae share a common evolutionary origin with a diverse family of syntenic genomic islands. J Bacteriol 2004, 186:8114-8122. 10.1128/JB.186.23.8114-8122.2004, 529066, 15547285.
78. Hasman H, Franke S, Rensing C. Resistance to metals used in agriculture production. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin\ 2006, Washington, DC.: ASM Press, Aarestrup F.
79. Gilmour MW, Thomson NR, Sanders M, Parkhill J, Taylor DE. The complete nucleotide sequence of the resistance plasmid R478: defining the backbone components of incompatibility group H conjugative plasmids through comparative genomics. Plasmid 2004, 52:182-202. 10.1016/j.plasmid.2004.06.006, 15518875.
80. Baker-Austin C, Wright MS, Stepanauskas R, McArthur JV. Co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance. Trends Microbiol 2006, 14:176-182. 10.1016/j.tim.2006.02.006, 16537105.
81. Ramos JL, Martinez-Bueno M, Molina-Henares AJ, Teran W, Watanabe K, Zhang X, Gallegos MT, Brennan R, Tobes R. The TetR family of transcriptional repressors. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2005, 69:326-356. 10.1128/MMBR.69.2.326-356.2005, 1197418, 15944459.
82. Blanco M, Kadlec K, Gutierrez Martin CB, de la Fuente AJ, Schwarz S, Navas J. Nucleotide sequence and transfer properties of two novel types of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae plasmids carrying the tetracycline resistance gene tet(H). J Antimicrob Chemother 2007, 60:864-867. 10.1093/jac/dkm293, 17704116.
83. Kehrenberg C, Werckenthin C, Schwarz S. Tn5706, a transposon-like element from Pasteurella multocida mediating tetracycline resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998, 42:2116-2118. 105878, 9687418.
84. Hansen LM, McMurry LM, Levy SB, Hirsh DC. A new tetracycline resistance determinant, Tet H, from Pasteurella multocida specifying active efflux of tetracycline. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993, 37:2699-2705. 192782, 8109938.
85. Kehrenberg C, Schwarz S. Identification of a truncated, but functionally active tet(H) tetracycline resistance gene in Pasteurella aerogenes and Pasteurella multocida. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000, 188:191-195. 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09192.x, 10913704.
86. Kehrenberg C, Salmon SA, Watts JL, Schwarz S. Tetracycline resistance genes in isolates of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mannheimia glucosida and Mannheimia varigena from bovine and swine respiratory disease: intergeneric spread of the tet(H) plasmid pMHT1. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001, 48:631-640. 10.1093/jac/48.5.631, 11679552.
87. Bay DC, Turner RJ. Diversity and evolution of the small multidrug resistance protein family. BMC Evol Biol 2009, 9:140. 10.1186/1471-2148-9-140, 2716321, 19549332.
88. Saier MH, Paulsen IT, Sliwinski MK, Pao SS, Skurray RA, Nikaido H. Evolutionary origins of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps in bacteria. FASEB J 1998, 12:265-274.
89. Young J, Holland IB. ABC transporters: bacterial exporters-revisited five years on. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999, 1461:177-200. 10.1016/S0005-2736(99)00158-3, 10581355.
90. Ventura M, Canchaya C, Pridmore D, Berger B, Brussow H. Integration and distribution of Lactobacillus johnsonii prophages. J Bacteriol 2003, 185:4603-4608. 10.1128/JB.185.15.4603-4608.2003, 165743, 12867471.
91. Hacker J, Hentschel U, Dobrindt U. Prokaryotic chromosomes and disease. Science 2003, 301:790-793. 10.1126/science.1086802, 12907788.