Histophilus somni host–parasite relationships

Animal Health Research Reviews

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 151-160

  Corbeil, Lynette B ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

antibodies; Bovine Respiratory Disease; Histophilus somni; immunoglobulins; pathogenesis; protection; synery; virulence factors

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM ANTIBODY; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BLOOD; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASE; HISTOPHILUS SOMNI; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; IMMUNOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; REVIEW; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, BACTERIAL; BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX; CATTLE; HAEMOPHILUS INFECTIONS; HAEMOPHILUS SOMNUS; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

EID: 85008529828     PISSN: 14662523     EISSN: 14752654     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1466252307001417     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Akerstrom B, Nielsen E and Bjorck L (1987). Definition of IgG and albumin-binding regions of streptococcal protein G. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262: 13388-13391. Andrews JJ, Anderson TD, Slife LN and Stevenson GW (1985). Microscopic lesions associated with the isolation of Haemophilus somnus from pneumonic bovine lungs. Veterinary Pathology 22: 131-136.
2. Bastida-Corcuera F, Butler JE, Yahiro S, Yahiro S and Corbeil LB (1999a). Complement activation by bovine IgG2a and IgG2b allotypes. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 71: 115-123.
3. Bastida-Corcuera F, Nielsen KH and Corbeil LB (1999b). Binding of bovine IgG2a and IgG2b allotypes to protein A, protein G, and Haemophilus somnus IgBPs. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 71: 143-149.
4. Berghaus LJ, Corbeil LB, Berghaus RD, Kalina WV, Kimbal RA and Gershwin LJ (2006). Effects of dual vaccination for bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Haemophilus somnus on immune responses. Vaccine 24: 6018-6027.
5. Behling-Kelly E, Vonderheid H, Kim KS, Corbeil LB and Czuprynski CJ (2006). Roles of cellular activation and sulfated glycans in Haemophilus somnus adherence to bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells. Infection and Immunity 74: 5311-5318.
6. Biberstein E (1981). Haemophilus somnus and Haemophilus agni. In: Kilian M, Frederiksen W and Biberstein E (Eds) Haemophilus, Pasteurella and Actinobacillus. London: Academic Press, p. 125.
7. Bjorck L and Kronvall G (1984). Purification and some properties of streptococcal protein G, a novel IgG-binding reagent. Journal of Immunology 133: 969-974.
8. Blom J, Hansen GA and Poulsen FM (1983). Morphology of cells and hemagglutinogens of Bordetella species: resolution of substructural units in fimbriae of Bordetella pertussis. Infection and Immunity 42: 308-317.
9. Bryson DG, Ball HG, Mcaliskey M, McConnell W and McCullough SJ (1990). Pathological, immunocytochemical and microbiological findings in calf pneumonias associated with Haemophilus somnus infection. Journal of Comparative Pathology 103: 433-445.
10. Calvo M, Guzman F, Perez E, Segura CH, Molano A and Patarroyo ME (1991). Specific interactions of synthetic peptides derived from P. falciparum merozoite proteins with human red blood cells. Peptide Research 4: 324-333.
11. Challacombe JF, Duncan AJ, Brettin TS, Bruce D, Chertkov O, Detter JC, Han CS, Misra M, Richardson P, Tapia R, Thayer N and Xie G (2007). Complete genome sequence of Haemophilus somnus (Histophilus somni) strain 129Pt and comparison to Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP and Haemophilus influenzae Rd. Journal of Bacteriology 189: 1890-1898.
12. Cole SP, Guiney DG and Corbeil LB (1992). Two linked genes for outer membrane proteins are absent in four non-disease strains of Haemophilus somnus. Molecular Microbiology 6: 1895-1902.
13. Cole SP, Guiney DG and Corbeil LB (1993). Molecular analysis of a gene encoding a serum-resistance-associated 76 kDa surface antigen of Haemophilus somnus. Journal ofGeneral Microbiology 139: 2135-2143.
14. Corbeil LB (1990). Molecular aspects of some virulence factors of Haemophilus somnus. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 54: S57-S62.
15. Corbeil LB, Watt B, Corbeil RR, Betzen TG, Brownson RK and Morrill JL (1984). Immunoglobulin concentrations in serum and nasal secretions of calves at the onset of pneumonia. American Journal of Veterinary Research 45: 773-778.
16. Corbeil LB, Blau K, Prieur DJ and Ward ACS (1985). Serum susceptibility of Haemophilus somnus from bovine clinical cases and carriers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 22: 192-198.
17. Corbeil LB, Arthur JE, Widders PR, Smith JW and Barbet AF (1987). Antigenic specificity of convalescent serum from cattle with Haemophilus somnus induced experimental abortion. Infection and Immunity 55: 1381-1386.
18. Corbeil LB, Chikami G, Yarnall M, Smith J and Guiney DG (1988). Cloning and expression of genes encoding for Haemophilus somnus antigens. Infection and Immunity 56: 2736-2742.
19. Corbeil LB, Kania SA and Gogolewski RP (1991). Characterization of immunodominant surface antigens of Haemophilus somnus. Infection and Immunity 59: 4295-4301.
20. Corbeil LB, Gogolewski RP, Stephens LR and Inzana TJ (1995). Haemophilus somnus: Antigen analysis and immune responses. In: Donachie W, Lainson FA and Hodgson JC (eds) Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, and Pasteurella. New York, NY: Plenum Press, pp. 63-73.
21. Corbeil LB, Bastida-Corcuera FD and Beveridge TJ (1997a). Haemophilus somnus immunoglobulin binding proteins and surface fibrils. Infection and Immunity 65: 4250-4257.
22. Corbeil LB, Gogolewski RP, Kacskovics I, Nielsen KH, Corbeil RR, Morrill JL, Greenwood R and Butler JE (1997b). Bovine IgG2a antibodies to Haemophilus somnus and allotype expression. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 61: 207-213.
23. Corbeil LB, Arnold KF, Kimball R, Berghaus L and Gershwin LJ (2006). Specificity of IgG and IgE antibody responses to infection of calves. Veterinary Immunology and Immuno-pathology 113: 191-199.
24. Cox AD, Howard MD, Brisson J-R, Van Der Zwan M, Thibault P, Perry MB and Inzana TJ (1998). Structural analysis of the phase-variable lipooligosaccharide from Haemophilus somnus strain 738. European Journal of Biochemistry 253: 507-516.
25. Cox AD, Howard MD and Inzana TJ (2003). Structural analysis of the lipooligosaccharide from the commensal Haemophilus somnus strain 1P. Carbohydrate Research 338: 1223-1228.
26. Domenighini M, Relman D, Capiau C, Falkow S, Prugnola A, Scarlato V and Rappuoli R (1990). Genetic characterization of Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin: a protein processed from an unusually large precursor. Molecular Microbiology 4: 787-800.
27. Dyer NW (2001). Haemophilus somnus bronchopneumonia in American bison (Bison bison). Journal of Veterinary Investigation 13: 419-421.
28. Ekins A and Niven DF (2001). Production of transferrin receptors by Histophilus ovis: three of five strains require two signals. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47: 417-423.
29. Ekins A, Bahrami F, Sijercic A, Mare D and Niven DF (2004). Haemophilus somnus possesses two systems for acquisition of transferrin-bound iron. Journal of Bacteriology 186: 4407-4411.
30. Ellis JA and Jong C (1997). Systemic adverse reactions in young simmental calves following administration of a combined vaccine. Canadian Veterinary Journal 38: 45-47.
31. Estes DM and Brown WC (2002). Type 1 and type 2 responses in regulation of Ig isotype expression in cattle. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 90: 1-10.
32. Fahnestock SR (1987). Newly available immunosorbent: recombinant modified streptococcal protein G. Immunochemica 1: 1-3.
33. Fahnestock SR, Alexander P, Nagle J and Filpula D (1986). Gene for an immunoglobulin-binding protein from a Group G Streptococcus. Journal of Bacteriology 167: 870-880.
34. Frey J and MacInnes JI (1995). Genetic manipulations of members of the family Pasteurellaceae. In: Donachie W, Lainson FA and Hodgson JC (eds) Haemophilus, Actino-bacillus and Pasteurella. New York, NY: Plenum Press, pp. 187-195.
35. Geertsema RS, Kimbal RA and Corbeil LB (2007). Bovine plasma proteins increase virulence of Haemophilus somnus in mice. Microbial Pathogenesis 42: 22-28.
36. Gershwin LJ, Berghaus LJ, Arnold K, Anderson ML and Corbeil LB (2005). Immune mechanisms of pathogenetic synergy in concurrent bovine pulmonary infection with Haemophilus somnus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 107: 119-130.
37. Gogolewski RP, Kania SA, Inzana TJ, Widders PR, Liggitt HD and Corbeil LB (1987a). Protective ability and specificity of convalescent serum from Haemophilus somnus pneumonia. Infection and Immunity 55: 1403-1411.
38. Gogolewski RP, Leathers CW, Liggitt HD and Corbeil LB (1987b). Experimental Haemophilus somnus pneumonia in calves and immunoperoxidase localization of bacteria. Veterinary Pathology 24: 250-256.
39. Gogolewski RP, Schaefer DC, Wasson SK, Corbeil RR and Corbeil LB (1989). Pulmonary persistence of Haemophilus somnus in presence of specific antibody. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27: 1767-1774.
40. Gomis SM, Godson DL, Beskorwayne T, Wobeser GA and Potter AA (1997a). Modulation of phagocytic function of bovine mononuclear phagocytes by Haemophilus somnus. Microbial Pathogenesis 22: 13-21.
41. Gomis SM, Godson DL, Wobeser GA and Potter AA (1997b). Effect of Haemophilus somnus on nitric oxide production and chemiluminescence response of bovine blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Microbial Pathogenesis 23: 327-333.
42. Groom S, Little P and Rosendal S (1988). Virulence differences among three strains of H. somnus following intratracheal inoculation of calves. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 52: 349-354.
43. Griner LA, Jensen R and Brown WW (1956). Infectious embolic meningoencephalitis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 129: 417-421.
44. Haines DM and Clark EG (1991). Enzyme immunohistochemical staining of formalin fixed-tissues or diagnosis in veterinary pathology. Canadian Veterinary Journal 32: 295-302.
45. Hannah JH, Menozzi FD, Renauld G, Locht C and Brennan MJ (1994). Sulfated glycoconjugate receptors for the Bordetella pertussis adhesin filamentious hemagglutinin (FHA) and mapping of the heparin-binding domain on FHA. Infection and Immunity 62: 5010-5019.
46. Haritani M, Nakazawa M, Hashimoto K, Narita M, Tagawa Y and Nakagawa M (1990). Immunoperoxidase evaluation of the relationship between necrotic lesions and causative bacteria in lungs of calves with naturally acquired pneumonia. American Journal of Veterinary Research 51: 1975-1979.
47. Harris FW and Janzen ED (1989). The Haemophilus somnus disease complex (Hemophilosis): a review. Canadian Veterinary Journal 30: 816-822.
48. Howard MD, Cox AD, Weiser JN, Schurig GG and Inzana TJ (2000). Antigenic diversity of Haemophilus somnus lipo-oligosaccharide: phase-variable accessibility of the phospho-rylcholine epitope. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38: 4412-4419.
49. Howard MD, Boone JH, Buechner-Maxwell V, Schurig GG and Inzana TJ (2004). Inhibition of bovine macrophage and polymorphonuclear leukocyte superoxide anion production by Haemophilus somnus. Microbial Pathogenesis 37: 263-271.
50. Humphrey J and Stephens L (1983). Haemophilus somnus: a review. Veterinary Bulletin 53: 987-1004.
51. Humphrey JD, Little PB, Stephens LR, Barnum DA, Doig PA and Thorsen J (1985). Prevalence and distribution of Haemophilus somnus in the male bovine reproductive tract. American Journal of Veterinary Research 43: 792-795.
52. Inzana TJ, Iritani B, Gogolewski RP, Kania SA and Corbeil LB (1988). Purification and characterization of lipooligosac-charides from four strains of Haemophilus somnus. Infection and Immunity 56: 2830-2837.
53. Inzana TJ, Gogolewski RP and Corbeil LB (1992). Phenotypic phase variation in Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccha-ride during bovine pneumonia and after in vitro passage. Infection and Immunity 60: 2943-2951.
54. Inzana TJ, Glindemann G, Cox AD, Wakarchuk W and Howard MD (2002). Incorporation of N-acetylneuraminic acid into Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide (LOS): enhancement of resistance to serum and reduction of LOS antibody binding. Infection and Immunity 70: 4870-4879.
55. Jackson JA, Andrews JJ and Hargis JW (1987). Experimental Haemophilus somnus pneumonia in calves. Veterinary Pathology 24: 129-134.
56. Jacob-Dubuisson F, Locht C and Antoine R (2001). Two-partner secretion in Gram-negative bacteria: a thrifty, specific pathway for large virulence proteins. Molecular Microbiology 40: 306-313.
57. Kania SA, Gogolewski RP and Corbeil LB (1990). Isolation and characterization of a 78,000 dalton outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus. Infection and Immunity 58: 237-244.
58. Khan MdSR, Tanaka A, Ide H, Hoshinoo K, Hanafusa Y and Tagawa Y (2005). Molecular characterization of the major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus. Veterinary Microbiology 107: 179-192.
59. Kuckleburg CJ, Sylte MJ, Inzana TJ, Corbeil LB, Darien BJ and Czuprynski CJ (2005). Bovine platelets activated by Haemophilus somnus and its LOS induce apoptosis in bovine endothelial cells. Microbial Pathogenesis 38: 23-32.
60. Kwiecien JM and Little PB (1991). Haemophilus somnus and reproductive disease in the cow. Canadian Veterinary Journal 32: 595-601.
61. Lederer JA, Brown JF and Czuprynski CJ (1987). “Haemophilus somnus,” a facultative intracellular pathogen of bovine mononuclear phagocytes. Infection and Immunity 55: 381-387.
62. Lees VW, Yates WDG and Corbeil LB (1994). Ovine Haemophilus somnus: experimental intracisternal infection and antigenic comparison with bovine Haemophilus somnus. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 58: 202-210.
63. May BJ, Zhang Q, Li LK, Paustian ML, Whittam TS and Kapur V (2001). Complete genomic sequence of Pasteurella multo-cida, Pm70. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98: 3460-3465.
64. McQuiston JH, McQuiston JR, Cox AD, Wu Y, Boyle SM and Inzana TJ (2000). Characterization of a DNA region containing 50-(CA_AT)n-30 DNA sequences involved in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis in Haemophilus somnus. Microbial Pathogenesis 28: 301-312.
65. Michael FS, Howard MD, Li J, Duncan J, Inzana TJ and Cox AD (2004). Structural analysis of the lipooligosaccharide from the commensal Haemophilus somnus genome strain 129Pt. Carbohydrate Research 339: 529-535.
66. Michael FS, Li J, Howard MD, Duncan AJ, Inzana TJ and Cox AD (2005). Structural analysis of the oligosaccharide of Histophilus somnu (Haemophilus somnus) strain 2336 and identification of several lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis gene homologues. Carbohydrate Research 340: 665-672.
67. Michael FS, Inzana TJ and Cox AD (2006). Structural analysis of the lipooligosaccharide-derived oligosaccharide of Histo-philus somni (Haemophilus somnus) strain 8025. Carbohydrate Research 341: 281-284.
68. Miller RB, Lein DH, McEntee KE, Hall CE and Shaw S (1983). Haemophilus somnus infection of the reproductive tract of cattle: a review. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 182: 1390-1392.
69. Ogunnariwo JA, Cheng C, Ford J and Schryvers AB (1990). Response to Haemophilus somnus to iron limitation: expression and identification of a bovine-specific transferring receptor. Microbial Pathogenesis 9: 397-406.
70. Potgieter LN, Helman RG, Greene W, Breider MA, Thurber ET and Peetz RH (1988). Experimental bovine respiratory tract disease with Haemophilus somnus. Veterinary Pathology 25: 124-130.
71. Prasad SM, Yin Y, Rodzinski E, Tuomanen EI and Masure HR (1993). Identification of a carbohydrate recognition domain in filamentous hemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis. Infection and Immunity 61: 2780-2785.
72. Relman D, Tuomanen E, Falkow S, Golenbock DT, Saukkonen K and Wright SD (1990). Recognition of a bacterial adhesin by an integrin: Macrophage CR3 (aMP2, CD11b/CD18) binds filamentous hemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis. Cell 61: 1375-1382.
73. Ruby KW, Griffith RW, Gershwin LJ and Caeberle ML (2000). Haemophilus somnus-induced IgE in calves vaccinated with commercial monovalent H. somnus bacterins. Veterinary Microbiology 76: 373-383.
74. Ruby KW, Griffith RW and Kaeberle ML (2002). Histamine production by Haemophilus somnus. Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 25: 13-20.
75. Sandal I, Hong W, Swords WE and Inzana TJ (2007). Characterization and comparison of biofilm development by pathogenic and commensal isolates of Histophilus somni. Journal of Bacteriology 189: 8179-8185, 2007.
76. Sanders JD, Cope LD, Jarosik, GP, Maciver I, Latimer JL, Toews GB and Hansen EJ (1993). Reconstitution of a porin-deficient mutant of Haemophilus influenzae type b with a porin gene from nontypable H. influenzae. Infection and Immunity 61: 3966-3975.
77. Sanders JD, Cope, LD and Hansen EJ (1994). Identification of a locus involved in the utilization of iron by Haemophilus influenzae. Infection and Immunity 62: 4515-4525.
78. Sanders JD, Tagawa Y, Briggs RE and Corbeil LB (1997). Transformation of a virulence associated gene of Haemophilus somnus into a strain lacking the gene. FEMS Microbiology Letters 154: 241-258.
79. Sanders JD, Bastida-Corcuera FD, Arnold KF, Wunderlich AC and Corbeil LB (2003). Genetic manipulation of immunoglobulin binding proteins of Haemophilus somnus. Microbial Pathogenesis 34: 131-139.
80. Shao F, Merritt PM, Bao Z, Innes RW and Dixon JE (2002). A Yersinia effector and a Pseudomonas avirulence protein define a family of cysteine proteases functioning in bacterial pathogenesis. Cell 109: 575-588.
81. Siddaramappa S and Inzana TJ (2004). Haemophilus somnus virulence factors and resistance to host immunity. Animal Health Research Reviews 5: 79-93.
82. Step DL, Engelken T, Romano C, Holland B, Krehbiel C, Johnson JC, Bryson WL, Tucker CM and Robb EJ (2007). Evaluation of three antimicrobial regimens used as metaphylaxis in stocker calves at high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease. Veterinary Therapy 8: 136-147.
83. Stephens LR, Little PB, Wilkie BN and Barnum DA (1981). Infectious thromboembolic meningoencephalitis in cattle: a review. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 178: 378-384.
84. Sylte MJ, Corbeil LB, Inzana TJ and Czuprynski CJ (2001). Haemophilus somnus induces apoptosis in bovine endothelial cells in vitro. Infection and Immunity 69: 1650-1660.
85. Sylte MJ, Kuckleburg CJ, Inzana TJ, Bertics PJ and Czuprynski CJ (2005a). Stimulation of P2X receptors enhances lipooligo-saccharide-mediates apoptosis of endothelial cells. Journal of Leukocytic Biology 77: 958-965.
86. Sylte MJ, Kuckleburg CJ, Atapattu D, Leite FP, McClenahan D, Inzana TJ and Czuprynski CJ (2005b). Signaling through interleukin-1 type 1 receptor diminishes Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide-mediated apoptosis of endothelial cells. Microbial Pathogenesis 39: 121-130.
87. Sylte MJ, Kuckleburg CJ, Leite FP, Inzana TJ and Czuprynski CJ (2006). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhances Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide-induced apoptosis of bovine endothelial cells. Veterinary Immunology and Immuno-pathology 110: 303-309.
88. Tagawa Y, Haritani M, Ishikawa H and Yuasa N (1993a). Characterization of a heat-modifiable outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus. Infection and Immunity 61: 1750-1755.
89. Tagawa Y, Haritani M, Ishikawa H and Yuasa N (1993b). Antigenic analysis of the major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus with monoclonal antibodies. Infection and Immunity 61: 2257-2259.
90. Tagawa Y, Haritani M and Yuasa N (1993c). Characterization of an immunoreactive 17.5-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus by using a monoclonal antibody. Infection and Immunity 61: 4153-4157.
91. Tagawa Y, Ishikawa H and Yuasa N (1993d). Purification and partial characterization of the major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus. Infection and Immunity 61: 91-96.
92. Tagawa Y, Bastida-Corcuera FD and Corbeil LB (2000). Immunological characterization of the major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus somnus. Veterinary Microbiology 71: 245-254.
93. Tagawa Y, Sanders JD, Uchida I, Bastida-Corcuera FD, Kwashima K and Corbeil LB (2005). The genetic locus encoding Haemophilus somnus high molecular weight-immunoglobulin binding proteins. Microbial Pathogenesis 39: 159-170.
94. Theisen M, Rioux CR and Potter AA (1992). Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and characterization of a 40,000-molecular-weight lipoprotein of Haemophilus somnus. Infection and Immunity 60: 826-831.
95. Tegtmeier C, Bloch B, Jensen NE and Jensen HE (1999a). Initial lung lesions in two calves experimentally infected with Haemophilus somnus. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 46: 517-523.
96. Tegtmeier C, Uttenthal A, Friis NF, Jensen NE and Jensen HE (1999b). Pathological and microbiological studies on pneumonic lungs from Danish calves. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 46: 693-700.
97. Vogel GJ, Laudert SB, Zimmermann A, Guthrie CA, Mechor GD and Moore GM (1998). Effects of tilmicosin on acute undifferentiated respiratory tract disease in newly arrived feedlot cattle. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 212: 1919-1924.
98. Van Donkersgoed J, Janzen ED and Harland RJ (1990). Epidemiological features of calf mortality due to hemophi-losis in a large feedlot. Canadian Veterinary Journal 31: 821-825.
99. Ward ACS, Jaworski MD, Eddow JM and Corbeil LB (1995). A comparative study of bovine and ovine Haemophilus somnus isolates. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 59: 173-178.
100. Ward ACS, Dyer NW and Corbeil LB (1999). Characterization of putative Haemophilus somnus isolates from American bison (Bison bison). Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 63: 166-169.
101. Ward ACS, Weiser GC, Anderson BC, Cummings PJ, Arnold KF and Corbeil LB (2006). Haemophilus somnus (Histophilus somni) in bighorn sheep. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 70: 34-42.
102. Ward CK, Lumbley SR, Latimer JL, Cope LD and Hansen EJ (1998). Haemophilus ducreyi secretes a filamentous hemagglutinin-like protein. Journal of Bacteriology 180: 6013-6022.
103. Widders PR, Paisley LG, Goglewski RP, Evermann JF, Smith JW and Corbeil LB (1986). Experimental abortion and the systemic immune response to “Haemophilus somnus” in cattle. Infection and Immunity 54: 555-560.
104. Widders PR, Smith JW, Yarnall M, McGuire TC and Corbeil LB (1988). Non-immune immunoglobulin binding of Haemophilus somnus. Journal of Medical Microbiology 26: 307-311.
105. Widders PR, Dorrance LA, Yarnall M and Corbeil LB (1989). Immunoglobulin-binding activity among pathogenic and carrier isolates of H. somnus. Infection and Immunity 57: 639-642.
106. Won J and Griffith RW (1993). Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding a 31-Kilodalton antigen of Haemophilus somnus. Infection and Immunity 61: 2813-2821.
107. Wu Y, McQuiston NH, Cox A, Pack TD and Inzana TJ (2000). Molecular cloning and mutagenesis of a DNA locus involved in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis in Haemophilus somnus. Infection and Immunity 68: 310-319.
108. Yarnall M and Corbeil LB (1989). Antibody response to an Haemophilus somnus Fc receptor. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27: 111-117.
109. Yarnall M, Gogolewski RP and Corbeil LB (1988a). Characterization of two Haemophilus somnus Fc receptors. Journal of General Microbiology 134: 1993-1999.
110. Yarnall M, Widders PR and Corbeil LB (1988b). Isolation and characterization of Fc receptors from Haemophilus somnus. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 28: 129-137.
111. Yu R-H, Gray-Owen SD, Ogunnariwo J and Schryvers AB (1992). Interaction of ruminant transferrins with transferrin receptors in bovine isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus. Infection and Immunity 60: 2992-2994.