Measurements of wave velocity and electrical conductivity of an amphibolite from southwestern margin of the Tarim Basin at pressures to 1.0 GPa and temperatures to 700 °C: Comparison with field observations

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 187, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1393-1404

  Zhou, Wenge ^a   Fan, Dawei ^a   Liu, Yonggang ^a   Xie, Hongsen ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY   (China)

Author keywords

Acoustic properties; Electrical properties; High pressure behaviour

Indexed keywords

ARRHENIUS RELATIONSHIP; COMPRESSIONAL; ELASTIC WAVE VELOCITY; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRICAL PROPERTY; ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; GEOTHERMAL GRADIENTS; HIGH PRESSURE BEHAVIOUR; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU MEASUREMENT; LOWER CRUST; NORTHWEST CHINA; PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS; ROOM TEMPERATURE; SEISMIC REFLECTIONS; SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY; TARIM BASIN; TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT; VELOCITY ANISOTROPY; WAVE VELOCITY;

ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE; ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES; ACOUSTIC WAVE VELOCITY; ACTIVATION ENERGY; ANISOTROPY; ELASTIC WAVES; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROMAGNETISM; SEISMOLOGY;

SHEAR FLOW;

ACOUSTIC PROPERTY; ACTIVATION ENERGY; AMPHIBOLITE; ELASTIC WAVE; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; GEOTHERMAL GRADIENT; HIGH PRESSURE; HIGH TEMPERATURE; IN SITU MEASUREMENT; LOWER CRUST; S-WAVE; SEISMIC REFLECTION; SEISMIC REFRACTION; WAVE VELOCITY;

CHINA; TARIM BASIN; XINJIANG UYGUR;

EID: 81555228645     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: 1365246X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05220.x     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Aizawa, Y., Ito, K. & Tatsurmi, Y., 2002. Compressional wave velocity of granite and amphibolite up to melting temperatures at 1 GPa, Tectonophysics, 361, 255-261.
2. Barruol, G. & Kern, H., 1996. Seismic anisotropy and shear-wave splitting in lower-crustal and upper-mantle rocks from the Ivrea zone-experimental and calculated data. Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 95, 175-194.
3. Behn, M.D. & Kelemen, P.B., 2003. Relationship between seismic P-wave velocity and the composition of anhydrous igneous and meta-igneous rocks, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4, doi:.
4. Birch, F., 1960. The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobar: Part 1, J. geophys. Res., 65, 1083-1102.
5. Birch, F., 1961. The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobar: Part 2, J. geophys. Res., 66, 2199-2224.
6. Burke, M.M. & Fountain, D.M., 1990. Seismic properties of rocks from an exposure of extended continental crust-new laboratory measurements from the Ivrea zone, Tectonophysics, 182, 119-146.
7. Christensen, N.I., 1965. Compressional wave velocities in metamorphic rocks at pressures to 10 kilobars, J. geophys. Res., 70, 6147-6164.
8. Christensen, N.I., 1966. Shear-wave velocities in metamorphic rocks at pressures to 10 kbar, J. geophys. Res., 71, 3549-3556.
9. Christenson, N.I. & Fountain, D.M., 1975. Constitution of the lower continental crust based on experimental studies of seismic velocity in granulite, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 86, 227-236.
10. Christensen, N.I., 1996. Poisson's ratio and crustal seismology, J. geophys. Res., 101, 3139-3156.
11. Christensen, N.I. & Mooney, N.D., 1995. Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust: a global view, J. geophys. Res., 100, 9761-9788.
12. Chroston, P.N. & Evans, C.J., 1983. Seismic velocities of granulites from the Seiland petrographic province, Norway: implications for Scandinavian lower continental crustal, J. Geophys., 52, 14-21.
13. Cook, R.K., 1957. Variation of elastic constants and static strains with hydrostatic pressure: a method for calculation from ultrasonic measurements, J. acoust. Soc. Am., 29, 445-449.
14. Dai, L., Li, H., Hu, H. & Shan, S. 2008. Experimental study of grain boundary electrical conductivities of dry synthetic peridotite under high-temperature, high-pressure, and different oxygen fugacity conditions, J. geophys. Res., 113, B12211, doi:.
15. Ding, D.G., Wang, D.X., Liu, W.X. & Sun, S.Q., 1996. The West Kunlun Orogen and Basins (in Chinese), Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
16. Duba, A., 1993. The electrical conductivity of lherzolite, J. geophys. Res., 98, 11 885-11 899.
17. Fisher, G.W., 1993. An improved method of algebraic analysis of metamorphic mineral assemblages. Am. Mineral., 78, 1257-1261.
18. Freund, F., 2003. On the electrical conductivity structure of the stable continental crust, J. Geodyn., 35, 353-388.
19. Frost, B.R., Fyfe, W.S., Tazaki, K. & Chan, T., 1989. Grain-boundary graphite in rocks and implications for high electrical conductivity in the lower crust, Nature, 340, 134-136.
20. Fuji-ta, K., Katsura, T. & Tainosho, Y., 2004. Electrical conductivity measurement of granulite under mid- to lower crustal pressure-temperature conditions, Geophys. J. Int., 157, 79-86.
21. Fuji-ta, K., Katsura, T., Matsuzaki, T., Ichiki, M. & Kobayashi, T., 2007. Electrical conductivity measurement of gneiss under mid- to lower crustal P-T conditions, Tectonophysics, 434, 93-101.
22. Gao, R., Huang, D., Lu, D., Qian, G., Li, Y., Kuang, C. & Li, Q., 2000. Deep seismic reflection profile across the juncture zone between the Tarim Basin and the West Kunlun Mountains, Chinese Sci. Bull., 45, 2281-2286.
23. Gao, R., Xiao, X., Liu, X., Guan, Y., Li, Q., Lu, D. & Li, P., 2001. Detail lithospheric structure of the contact zone of West Kunlun and Tarim revealed by deep seismic reflection profile along the Xinjiang Geotransect, Acta Geosci. Sin., 22, 547-552 (in Chinese with English abstract).
24. Gao, S., Zhang, B.R., Jin, Z.M., Kern, H., Luo, T.C. & Zhao, Z.D., 1998. How mafic is the lower continental crust? Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 161, 101-117.
25. Glover, P.W. & Vine, F.J., 1992. Electrical conductivity of carbon-bearing granulite at raised temperatures and pressures, Nature, 360, 723-726.
26. He, R., Gao, R., Li, Q., Guan, Y. & Li, P., 2001. Corridor gravity fields and crustal density structures in Tianshan (Dushanzi)-West Kunlun (Quanshuigou) GGT, Acta Geosci. Sin., 22, 553-558 (in Chinese with English abstract).
27. Huebner, S.J. & Dillenaurg, G.D., 1995. Impedance spectra of dry silicate minerals and rock: qualitative interpretation of spectra, Am. Miner., 80, 46-64.
28. Hyndman, R.D. & Klemperer, S.L., 1989. Lower-crustal porosity from electrical measurements and inferences about composition from seismic velocities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 255-258.
29. 2O free bulk compositions up to 850°C at 1GPa, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 133, 255-264.
30. Ji, S. & Salisbury, M., 1993. Shear-wave velocities, anisotropy and splitting in the high grade mylonites, Tectonophysics, 221, 453-473.
31. Ji, S., Salisbury, M.H. & Hanmer, S., 1993. Petrofabric, P-wave anisotropy and seismic reflectivity of high-grade tectonites, Tectonophysics, 222, 195-226.
32. Kariya, K.A. & Shankland, T.J., 1983. Electrical conductivity of dry lower crust rocks. Geophysics, 48, 52-61.
33. Kern, H. & Richter, A., 1981. Temperature derivatives of compressional and shear wave velocities in crustal and mantle rocks at 6 kbar confining pressure, J. Geophys., 49, 47-56.
34. Kern, H. & Schenk, V., 1988. A model of velocity structure beneath Calabria, southern Italy, based on laboratory data, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 87, 325-337.
35. Kern, H. & Wenk, H.R., 1990. Fabric-related velocity anisotropy and shear-wave splitting in rocks from the Santa Rosa mylonite zone, California, J. geophys. Res., 95, 11212-11223.
36. Kern, H., Walther, Ch., Fluh, E.R. & Maoker, M., 1993. Seismic properties of rocks exposed in the POLAR profile region-constraints on the intcrpretation of the refraction data. Precambrian Res., 47, 205-221.
37. Kern, H., Gao, S. & Liu, Q., 1996. Seismic properties and densities of middle and lower crustal rocks exposed along the North China Geoscience Transect, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 139, 439-455.
38. Kern, H., Gao, S., Jin, Z., Popp, T. & Jin, S., 1999. Petrophysical studies on rocks from the Dabie ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, Central China: implications for the composition and delamination of the lower crust, Tectonophysics, 301, 191-215.
39. s in rocks from the superdeep well and from surface analogues at Kola and the nature of velocity anisotropy, Tectonophysics, 338, 113-134.
40. Kern, H., Mengel, K., Strauss, K.W., Ivankina, T.I., Nikitin, A.N. & Kukkonen, I.T., 2009. Elastic wave velocities, chemistry and model mineralogy of crustal rocks sampled by the Outokumpu scientific drill hole: evidence from lab measurements and modeling, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 175, 151-166.
41. Kitamura, K., Ishikawa, M. & Arima, M., 2003. Petrological model of the northern Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc crust: constraints from high-pressure measurements of elastic wave velocities of the Tanzawa plutonic rocks, central Japan, Tectonophysics, 371, 213-221.
42. Li, J. & Xiao, X., 1999. A brief commentary on several problems of the crustal structure and tectonic evolution of Xinjiang, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 34, 405-419 (in Chinese with English abstract).
43. Li, Q., Gao, R., Lu, D., Li, J., Fan, J., Zhang, Z., Liu, W. & Li, Y., 2001. An explosive seismic sounding profile across the transition zone between west Kunlun Mts. and Tarim Basin, Sci. China Series D: Earth Sci., 44, 666-672.
44. Liu, S., Wang, L., Li, C., Li, H., Han, Y., Jia, C. & Wei, G., 2004. Thermal-rheological structure of lithosphere beneath the northern flank of Tarim Basin, western China: Implications for geodynamics, Sci. China Series D: Earth Sci., 47, 659-672.
45. Liu, Y., Xie, H., Guo, J., Zhou, W., Xu, J.-A. & Zhao, Z., 2000. A new method for experimental determination of compressional velocities in rocks and minerals at high-pressure, Chin. Phys. Lett., 17, 924-926.
46. Liu, Y., Xie, H., Zhou, W. & Guo, J., 2002. A method for experimental determination of compressional velocities in rocks and minerals at high pressure and high temperature, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 14, 11 381-11 384.
47. Lu, D., Li, Q., Gao, R., Li, Y., Li, D., Liu, W. & Zhang, Z., 2000. A deep seismic sounding profile across the Tianshan Mountains, Chinese Sci. Bull., 45, 2100-2106.
48. Lu, X., He, F. & Zhao, H., 1997. The geophysical feature, structure, and evolution of the tectonic belt in the southwest margin of the Tarim Basin, Geophys. Prospect. Pertroleum, 36, 43-52 (in Chinese with English abstract).
49. Müeller, H.J., 1995. Modeling the lower crust by simulation of the in situ condition and example for the Saxonian Erzgebirge, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 92, 3-15.
50. Nover, G., 2004. Electrical properties of crustal and mantle rocks-a review of laboratory measurements and their explanation, Surv. Geophy., 26, 593-651.
51. Partzsch, G.M., Schilling, F.R. & Arndt, J., 2000. The influence of partial melting on the electrical behavior of crustal rocks: laboratory examinations, model calculations and geological interpretations, Tectonophysics, 317, 189-203.
52. Qin, G., Chen, J., Liu, Da., Gu, Q. & Xiong, Y., 1994. The characteristics of the electrical structure of the crust and upper mantle in the region of the Kunlun and the Karakorum Mountains, Chinese J. Geophys., 37, 193-199 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
53. Qiu, N., 2002. Characters of thermal conductivity and radiogenic heat production rate in Basins of northwest China, Chinese J. Geol., 37, 196-206 (in Chinese with English abstract).
54. Ren, L. & Gao, Y., 2002. The role of volatiles in the formation of scapolite in amphibolites of southern West Kunlun Mountains, Acta Petrol. Mineral., 21, 398-405 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
55. Roberts, J.J. & Tyburczy, J.A., 1994. Frequency dependent electrical properties of minerals and partial-melts, Surv. Geophys., 15, 239-262.
56. Rudnick, R.L. & Fountain, D.M., 1995. Nature and composition of the continental crust: a lower crustal perspective, Rev. Geophys., 33, 267-309.
57. Sato, H., Sacks, I.S. & Murase, T., 1989. The use of laboratory velocity data for estimating temperature and partial melt fraction in the low-velocity zone: comparison with heat flow and electrical conductivity studies, J. geophys. Res., 94, 5689-5704.
58. Schilling, F.R., Partzsch, G.M., Brasse, H. & Schwarz, G., 1997. Partial melting below the magmatic arc in the central Andes deduced from geoelectromagnetic field experiments and laboratory data, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 103, 17-31.
59. Schmeling, H., 1985. Partial melt below Iceland: a combined interpretation of seismic and conductivity data, J. geophys. Res., 90, 10 105-10 116.
60. Seipold, U., 1992. Depth dependence of thermal transport properties for typical crustal rocks, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 69, 299-303.
61. Shankland, T.J. & Ander, M., 1983. Electrical conductivity, temperatures, and fluids in the lower crust, J. geophys. Res., 88, 9475-9484.
62. Shao, X. & Zhang, J., 1994. Preliminary results of deep structures in Tarim Basin by the method of converted waves of earthquakes, Acta Geophys. Sin., 36, 836 (in Chinese).
63. Shao, X., Xu, S. & Zhou D., 1997. Structural feature of crust in Tarim Basin, Petrol. Explor. Develop., 24, 1-5 (in Chinese with English Abstract).
64. s in an amphibolite of the deeper crust and its relationship to the mineralogical, microstructural and textural characteristics of the rock, Tectonophysics, 157, 25-38.
65. Siegesmund, S., Vollbrecht, A. & Nover, G., 1991. Anisotropy of compressional wave velocities, complex electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility of mylonites from the deeper crust and their relation to the rock fabric, Earth planet. Sci. Lett., 105, 247-159.
66. Simmons, G., 1964. Velocity of shear waves in rocks to 10 kbar, J. geophys. Res., 69, 1123-1130.
67. Wang, D., Li, H., Yi, L., Zhang, W., Liu, C., Su, G. & Ding, D., 2002. The electrical conductivity of gabbro at high temperature and high pressure, Chinese J. Geochem., 21, 252-257.
68. Wang, D., Li, H., Yi, L. & Shi, B. 2008. The electrical conductivity of upper-mantle rocks: water content in the upper mantle, Phys. Chem. Min., 35, 157-162.
69. Wang, J., Wang, J.-Y., Shen, J. & Qiu, N., 1995. Heat flow in Tarim Basin, Earth Sci.-J. China Univ. Geosci., 20, 399-404. (in Chinese with English abstract).
70. Wang, L., Li, C. & Yang, C. 1996. The lithospheric thermal structure beneath Tarim Basin, Western China, Chinese J. Geophys., 39, 794-803 (in Chinese with English abstract).
71. Wang, Q., Ji, S., Salisbury, M., Pan, M., Xia, B. & Xu, Z., 2005a. Pressure dependence and anisotropy of P-wave velocities in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt (China): implications for seismic properties of subducted slabs and origin of mantle reflections, Tectonophysics, 398, 67-99.
72. Wang, Q., Ji, S., Salisbury, M., Xia, B., Pan, M. & Xu, Z., 2005b. Shear wave properties and Poisson's ratios of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt, China: implications for the crustal composition, J. geophys. Res., 110, doi:.
73. Wang, Y., Deng, J., Wang, J. & Xiong, L., 2001. Terrestrial heat flow pattern and thermo-tectonic domains in the continental area of China. J. Graduate School Chinese Acad. Sci., 18, 51-58 (in Chinese with English abstract).
74. Xiao, W., Windley, B.F., Chen, H., Zhang, G. & Li, J., 2002. Carboniferous-Triassic subduction and accretion in the western Kunlun, China: implications for the collisional and accretionary tectonics of the northern Tibetan plateau, Geology, 30, 295-298.
75. Xie, H., Zhang, Y., Xu, H. G., Hou, W., Guo, J. & Zhao, H., 1993. A new method of measurement for elastic wave velocities in minerals and rocks at high temperature and high pressure and its significance, Sci. China, Ser. B, 36, 1276-1280.
76. Xu, J., Zhang, Y., Hou, W. et al., 1994. Measurements of ultrasonic wave velocities at high temperature and high pressure for window glass, pyrophyllite, and kimberlite up to 1400°C and 5.5GPa, High Temp.-High Pressure, 26, 375-384.
77. Xu, Y.-S., Poe, B., Shankland, T.J. & Rubie D.C., 1998. Electrical conductivity of Olivine, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite under upper-mantle conditions, Science, 280, 1415-1418.
78. Zhang, J., Shao, X. & Fan, H., 1998. Deep sounding survey by converted waves of earthquakes in center part of the Tarim Basin and its interpretation, Seismol. Geol., 20, 34-36 (in Chinese with English abstract).
79. Zhang, X., Zhao, J., Zhang, C., Ren, Q., Nie, W., Cheng, S., Pan, S. & Tang, Z., 2002. Crustal structure at the northeast side of the Pamirs, Chinese J. Geophys., 45, 665-671.
80. Zhao, Y., Lawson, A.C., Zhang, J., Bennett, B.I. & von Dreele, R.B., 2000. Thermoelastic equation of state of molybdenum, Phys. Rev. B, 62, 8766-8776.
81. Zhao, Z., Xie, H., Zhou, W., Christensen, N.I. & Zhang, Z., 2001. Elastic wave velocity in rocks from Dabieshanand its constrains for the lithospheric composition and crust-mantle recycling, Prog. Natural Sci., 11, 115-112.
82. Zhu, M., Xie, H., Guo, J., Bai, W. & Xu, Z., 2001. Impedance spectroscopy analysis on electrical properties of serpentine at high pressure and high temperature, Sci. China, Ser. D, 44, 336-345.