Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in men and women: Does 1 size fit all? Yes!

Clinical Cardiology

Volumn 34, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 658-662

  Amsterdam, Ezra A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ABDOMINAL OBESITY; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; FEMALE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MALE; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORTALITY; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PREGNANCY DIABETES MELLITUS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; REVIEW; SMOKING; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;

CORONARY DISEASE; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; HUMANS; MALE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 81555215552     PISSN: 01609289     EISSN: 19328737     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/clc.20993     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics. Leading cause of death 1900-1998. Accessed July 27, 2011.
2. Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, et al. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women-2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 57: 1404-1423.
3. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-, Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011; 123: e18-e209.
4. Spraggins R., We the people: men and women in the United States. Census 2000 special report. U.S. Census Bureau Web site. January 2005. Accessed March 4, 2011.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics. Leading cause of death by age group, all female-United States, 2006. Accessed March 4, 2011.
6. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002; 106: 3143-3421.
7. Wilson PWF., Cardiovascular disease risk factors in women. Chapter 2. In:, Wenger NK, Collins P, eds. Women and Heart Disease. 2nd ed. London, UK: Taylor & Francis; 2005, p. 17-36.
8. Greenland P, Alpert JS, Beller GA, et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2010; 122: e584-e636.
9. Kannel WB., Bishop lecture. Contribution of the Framingham Study to preventive cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990; 15: 206-211. (Pubitemid 20034278)
10. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. II. The relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. JAMA. 1984; 251: 365-374.
11. Stamler J, Neaton JD., The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)-importance then and now. JAMA. 2008; 300: 1343-1345.
12. Kannel WB., Clinical misconceptions dispelled by epidemiological research. Circulation. 1995; 92: 3350-3360.
13. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004; 364: 937-952. (Pubitemid 39208455)
14. Miettinen TA, Pyorala K, Olsson AG, et al. Cholesterol-lowering therapy in women and elderly patients with myocardial infarction or angina pectoris: findings from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Circulation. 1997; 96: 4211-4218. (Pubitemid 28007446)
15. Lewis SJ, Moye LA, Sacks FM, et al. Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in older patients with myocardial infarction and cholesterol levels in the average range. Results of the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 129: 681-689. (Pubitemid 28507140)
16. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, et al. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Am J Med. 1977; 62: 707-714. (Pubitemid 8110784)
17. Kinosian B, Glick H, Garland G., Cholesterol and coronary heart disease: predicting risks by levels and ratios. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121: 641-647.
18. Hokanson JE, Austin MA., Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1996; 3: 213-219. (Pubitemid 26266496)
19. MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet. 1990; 335: 765-774. (Pubitemid 20106689)
20. Rich-Edwards JW, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, et al. The primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med. 1995; 332: 1758-1766.
21. Cornoni-Huntley J, LaCroix AZ, Havlik RJ., Race and sex differentials in the impact of hypertension in the United States. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Arch Intern Med. 1989; 149: 780-788. (Pubitemid 19132997)
22. Prescott E, Hippe M, Schnohr P, et al. Smoking and risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: longitudinal population study. BMJ. 1998; 316: 1043-1047. (Pubitemid 28143100)
23. Almdal T, Scharling H, Jensen JS, et al. The independent effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on ischemic heart disease, stroke, and death: a population-based study of 13,000 men and women with 20 years of follow-up. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164: 1422-1426. (Pubitemid 38937853)
24. Singer DE, Nathan DM, Anderson KM, et al. Association of HbA1c with prevalent cardiovascular disease in the original cohort of the Framingham Heart Study. Diabetes. 1992; 41: 202-208.
25. Huxley R, Barzi F, Woodward M., Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2006; 332: 73-78.
26. Ninomiya JK, L'Italien G, Criqui MH, et al. Association of the metabolic syndrome with history of myocardial infarction and stroke in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation. 2004; 109: 42-46. (Pubitemid 38056019)
27. Ferrazzani S, De Carolis S, Pomini F, et al. The duration of hypertension in the puerperium of preeclamptic women: relationship with renal impairment and week of delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994; 171: 506-512. (Pubitemid 24279240)
28. Robbins CL, Dietz PM, Bombard J, et al. Gestational hypertension: a neglected cardiovascular disease risk marker. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 204:336 e1-e9.
29. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2011;34: S66.
30. Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009; 373: 1773-1779.
31. Shah BR, Retnakaran R, Booth GL., Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in young women following gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31: 1668-1669.
32. Clayton RN, Ogden V, Hodgkinson J, et al. How common are polycystic ovaries in normal women and what is their significance for the fertility of the population? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1992; 37: 127-134.
33. Wild RA., Polycystic ovary syndrome: a risk for coronary artery disease? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 186: 35-43. (Pubitemid 34093736)
34. Shaw LJ, Bugiardini R, Merz CN., Women and ischemic heart disease: evolving knowledge. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54: 1561-1575.
35. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Rifai N, et al. Development and validation of improved algorithms for the assessment of global cardiovascular risk in women: the Reynolds Risk Score. JAMA. 2007; 297: 611-619.
36. D'Agostino RB, Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008; 117: 743-753. (Pubitemid 351640675)
37. Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, et al. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women-2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 57: 1404-1423.
38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics. Leading cause of death by age group, all female-United States, 2006. Accessed March 4, 2011.
39. Spraggins R., We the people: men and women in the United States. Census 2000 special report. U.S. Census Bureau Web site. January 2005.
40. Wild RA., Polycystic ovary syndrome: a risk for coronary artery disease? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 186: 35-43. (Pubitemid 34093736)
41. D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008; 117: 743-753. (Pubitemid 351640675)