Cholesterol-lowering therapy in women and elderly patients with myocardial infarction or angina pectoris: Findings from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)

Circulation

Volumn 96, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 4211-4218

  Miettinen, Tatu A ^e   Pyörälä, Kalevi ^f   Olsson, Anders G ^a   Musliner, Thomas A ^b   Cook, Thomas J ^b   Faergeman, Ole ^f   Berg, Kåre ^f   Pedersen, Terje ^c   Kjekshus, John ^d  

^a LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

^c AKER UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^d OSLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^e UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^f NONE

Author keywords

Coronary disease; Hypercholesterolemia; Mortality; Simvastatin

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; PLACEBO; SIMVASTATIN;

ADULT; AGED; ANGINA PECTORIS; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY RISK; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK MANAGEMENT; SCANDINAVIA; SEX DIFFERENCE;

EID: 0344653659     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.96.12.4211     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Manolio AT, Pearson AT, Wenger NK Barrett-Connor E, Payne GH, Harlan WR. Cholesterol and heart disease in older persons and women: review of an NHLBI workshop. Am Epidemiol. 1992;3:2161-2176.
2. Garber AM, Littenberg B, Sox HC Jr, Gluck, ME, Wagner JL, Duffy BM. Costs and Effectiveness of Cholesterol Screening in the Elderly. Washington DC: Health Program, Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States; April. 1989. GPO publication No:052-003-01151-4.
3. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344:1383-1389.
4. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Design and baseline results of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study of patients with stable angina and/or previous myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1993;71:393-400.
5. Cox DR. Regression methods of life tables (with discussion). J R Stat Soc. 1972;B34:187-220.
6. Andersen PK, Gill RD. Cox's regression model of counting processes: a large sample study. Ann Stat. 1982;10:1100-1120.
7. Pedersen TR, Berg K, Cook TJ, Færgeman O, Haghfelt T, Kjekshus J, Miettinen T, Musliner TA, Olsson AG, Pyörälä K, Thorgeirsson G, Toben JA, Wedel H, Wilhelmsen L. Safety and tolerability of cholesterol lowering with Simvastatin during 5 years in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:2085-2092.
8. Carlson LA, Rosenhamer G. Reduction of mortality in the Stockholm Ischaemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by combined treatment with clofibrate and nicotinic acid. Acta Med Scand. 1988;223:405-418.
9. Research Committee of the Scottish Society of Physicians. Ischaemic heart disease: a secondary prevention trial using clofibrate. BMJ. 1971;4:775-784.
10. Physicians of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Region. Trial of clofibrate in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. BMJ. 1971;4:767-775.
11. Shear CL, Franklin FA, Stinnett S, Hurley DP, Bradford RH, Chremos AN, Nash DT, Langendorfer A. Expanded Clinical Evaluation of Lovastatin (EXCEL) study results. Circulation. 1992;85:1293-1303.
12. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Baseline serum cholesterol and treatment effect in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1995;345:1274-1275.
13. Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:36-69.
14. Martin MJ, Hulley SB, Browner WS, Kuller LH, Wentworth D. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure and mortality: implications from a cohort of 361,662 men. Lancet. 1986;2:933-936.
15. Dawber TR. The Framingham Study: the Epidemiology of Atherosclerotic Disease. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 1980.
16. Pooling Project Research Group. Relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking habit, relative weight, and ECG abnormality to incidence of major coronary events: final report of the Pooling Project. J Chron Dis. 1978;31:201-306.
17. Fuster V. Mechanisms leading to myocardial infarction: insights from studies of vascular biology. Circulation. 1994;90:2126-2146.
18. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, Rouleau JL, Rutherford JD, Cole TG, Brown L, Warnica JW, Arnold JMO, Wun C-C, Davis BR, Braunwald E, for the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1001-1009.
19. Lewis SJ, Mitchell JS, East C, Glasser P, Grant J, Johnstone DE, Kell S, Letterer R, Limacher M, Timmis G, Wun C-C, Rouleau JL, Pfeffer MA, Sacks F, Braunwald E. Women in CARE have earlier and greater response to pravastatin post myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1996;94(suppl I):I-12. Abstract.
20. Kjekshus J, Pedersen T, for the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Reducing the risk of coronary events: evidence from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Am J Cardiol. 1995;76:64C-68C.