Reassessment of the Middle Triassic rauisuchian archosaurs Ticinosuchus ferox and Stagonosuchus nyassicus

Palaontologische Zeitschrift

Volumn 85, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 357-381

  Lautenschlager, Stephan ^a,b   Desojo, Julia Brenda ^c,d  

^a BAYERISCHE STAATSSAMMLUNG FÜR PALÄONTOLOGIE UND GEOLOGIE   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^c Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto M Lillo   (Argentina)

^d MUSEO ARGENTINO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES BERNARDINO RIVADAVIA   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Archosauria; Grenzbitumenzone; Manda Beds; Pseudosuchia; Rauisuchia

Indexed keywords

EID: 81455154674     PISSN: 00310220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12542-011-0105-1     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Alcober, O. 2000. Redescription of Saurosuchus galilei (Archosauria: Rauisuchidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 302-316.
2. Alcober, O., and J. M. Parrish. 1997. A new poposaurid from the upper Triassic of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17: 548-556.
3. Apesteguía, S. 2005. Evolution of the hyposphene-hypantrum complex within Sauropoda. In Thunder-lizards: The Sauropodomorph dinosaurs, ed. V. Tidwell, and K. Carpenter, 248-267. Indiana: Indiana University Press.
4. Barberena, M. C. 1978. A huge thecodont skull from the Triassic of Brazil. Pesquisias 7: 111-129.
5. Benton, M. J. 1984. Rauisuchians and the success of dinosaurs. Nature 310: 101.
6. Benton, M. J. 1986. The Late Triassic reptile Teratosaurus-A rauisuchian not a dinosaur. Palaeontology 29(2): 293-301.
7. Benton, M. J. 1999. Scleromochlus taylori and the origin of the pterosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 354: 1423-1446.
8. Benton, M. J. 2004. Origin and relationships of Dinosauria. In The Dinosauria, 2nd ed, ed. D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska, 7-19. Berkeley: University of California Press.
9. Benton, M. J., and J. M. Clark. 1988. Archosaur phylogeny and the relationships of the Crocodylia. In Phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods, vol. 1, ed. M. J. Benton, 295-338. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
10. Benton, M. J., and R. Kirkpatrick. 1989. Heterochrony in a fossil reptile: Juveniles of the rhynchosaur Scaphonyx fischeri from the Late Triassic of Brazil. Palaeontology 32(2): 335-353.
11. Bonaparte, J. F. 1981. Descripcion de Fasolasuchus tenax y su significando en la sistematica y evolucion de los thecodontia. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernadino Rivadavia 3: 55-100.
12. Boonstra, L. D. 1953. A report on a collection of fossil reptilian bones from Tanganyika Territory. Annals of the South African Museum 42: 5-18.
13. Brusatte, S. L., R. J. Butler, T. Sulej, and G. Niedźwiedzki. 2009. The taxonomy and anatomy of rauisuchian archosaurs from the Late Triassic of Germany and Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54(2): 221-230.
14. Brusatte, S. L., M. J. Benton, J. B. Desojo, and M. C. Langer. 2010. The higher-level phylogeny of Archosauria (Tetrapoda: Diapsida). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8(1): 3-47.
15. Buchwitz, M., and S. Voigt. 2010. Peculiar carapace structure of a Triassic chroniosuchian implies evolutionary shift in trunk flexibility. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30(6): 1697-1708.
16. Butler, R. J., P. M. Barrett, R. L. Abel, and D. J. Gower. 2009. A possible ctenosauriscid archosaur from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of Tanzania. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(4): 1022-1031.
17. Catuneanu, O., H. Wopfner, P. G. Eriksson, B. Cairncross, B. S. Rubidge, R. M. H. Smith, and P. J. Hancox. 2005. The Karoo basins of south-central Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 43: 211-253.
18. Charig, A. J. 1956. New Triassic archosaurs from Tanganyika including Mandasuchus and Teleocrater, Unpublished PhD diss., 503 p, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
19. Chatterjee, S. 1985. Postosuchus, a new thecodontian reptile from the Triassic of Texas and the origin of tyrannosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 309: 395-460.
20. Chatterjee, S., and P. K. Majumdar. 1987. Tikisuchus romeri, a new rauisuchid reptile from the Late Triassic of India. Journal of Paleontology 61(4): 787-793.
21. Cope, E. D. 1869. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 14: 1-252.
22. Coria, R. A., L. M. Chiappe, and L. Dingus. 2002. A new close relative of Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte 1985 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(2): 460-465.
23. Crush, P. J. 1984. A late Upper Triassic sphenosuchid crocodylian from Wales. Palaeontology 27: 131-157.
24. Desojo, J. B., and A. B. Arcucci. 2009. New Material of Luperosuchus fractus (Archosauria: Crurotarsi) from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: The Earliest Known South American rauisuchian. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(4): 1311-1315.
25. Desojo, J. B., and O. W. M. Rauhut. 2009. The taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of the Late Triassic Brazilian rauisuchian Prestosuchus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3): 87A-88A.
26. Frey, E. 1988. Anatomie des Körperstamms von Alligator mississippiensis Daudin. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A 24: 1-106.
27. Gauthier, J. A. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. In The origin of birds and the evolution of flight. Memoirs of the California Academy of sciences, vol. 8, ed. K. Padian, 1-55. California: California Academy of Sciences.
28. Gauthier, J. A., and K. Padian. 1985. Phylogenetic, functional, and aerodynamic analyses of the origin of birds and their flight. In The beginning of birds, ed. M. K. Hecht, J. H. Ostrom, G. Viohl, and P. Wellnhofer, 185-197. Eichstätt: Freunde des Jura Museums.
29. Gebauer, E. V. I. 2004. Neubeschreibung von Stagonosuchus nyassicus von Huene, 1938 (Thecodontia, Rauisuchia) aus der Manda-Formation (Mittlere Trias) von Südwest-Tansania. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 231(1): 1-35.
30. Gilmore, C. W. 1920. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 110: 1-15.
31. Gower, D. J. 1999. The cranial and mandibular osteology of a new rauisuchian archosaur from the Middle Triassic of southern Germany. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B 280: 1-49.
32. Gower, D. J. 2000. Rauisuchian archosaurs (Reptilia, Diapsida): An overview. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Abhandlungen 218(3): 447-488.
33. Gower, D. J. 2001. Possible postcranial pneumaticity in the last common ancestor of birds and crocodilians-evidence from Erythrosuchus and other early Archosaurs. Naturwissenschaften 88: 119-122.
34. Gower, D. J. 2003. Osteology of the early archosaurian reptile Erythrosuchus africanus, Broom. Annals of the South African Museum 11: 1-84.
35. Gower, D. J., and S. J. Nesbitt. 2006. The braincase of Arizonasaurus babbitti-further evidence for the non-monophyly of rauisuchian archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26(1): 79-87.
36. Gower, D. J., and R. R. Schoch. 2009. Postcranial anatomy of the rauisuchian archosaur Batrachotomus kupferzellensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(1): 103-122.
37. Gower, D. J., and A. G. Sennikov. 2000. Early archosaurs from Russia. In The age of dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, ed. M. J. Benton, E. N. Kurochkin, M. A. Shishkin, and D. M. Unwin, 140-159. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
38. Haughton, S. H. 1932. On a collection of Karoo vertebrates from Tanganyika Territory. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London 88: 634-668.
39. Hunt, A. P., and S. G. Lucas. 1991. A new rhynchosaur from the Upper Triassic of West Texas, and the biochronology of Late Triassic rhynchosaurs. Palaeontology 34(4): 927-938.
40. Jalil, N.-E., and K. Peyer. 2007. A new rauisuchian (Archosauria, Suchia) from the Upper Triassic of the Argana Basin, Morocco. Palaeontology 50: 417-430.
41. Krebs, B. 1965. Ticinosuchus ferox n. g. n. sp. Ein neuer Pseudosuchier aus der Trias des Monte San Giorgio. Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen 81: 1-140.
42. Krebs, B. 1976. Pseudosuchia. In Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie, Thecodontia, vol. 13, ed. O. Kuhn, 40-98. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
43. Kuhn-Schnyder, E. 1964. Die Wirbeltierfauna der Trias der Tessiner Kalkalpen. Geologische Rundschau 53(1): 393-412.
44. Lautenschlager, S. (2008). Revision of Rauisuchus tiradentes (Archosauria: Rauisuchia) from the Late Triassic (Carnian) Santa Maria Formation of Brazil and its implications for rauisuchian phylogeny, Unpublished Diploma thesis, 77 p, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich.
45. Lautenschlager, S. 2009. A revision of Rauisuchus tiradentes-new information on the anatomy of rauisuchian archosaurs and phylogenetic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(3): 133A.
46. Long, R. A., and P. A. Murry. 1995. Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the Southwestern United States. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 4: 1-254.
47. Meyer, H. V. 1861. Reptilien aus dem Stubensandstein des oberen Keuper. Palaeontographica A 6: 253-346.
48. Nesbitt, S. J. 2003. Arizonasaurus and its implications for archosaur divergence. Proceedings of the Royal Society London, Supplement B 270: 234-237.
49. Nesbitt, S. J. 2005. Osteology of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian archosaur Arizonasaurus babbitti. Historical Biology 17: 19-47.
50. Nesbitt, S. J. 2007. The anatomy of Effigia okeeffeae (Archosauria, Suchia), theropod-like convergence, and the distribution of related taxa. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 302: 1-84.
51. Nowack, E. 1937. Zur Kenntnis der Karruformation im Ruhuhu-Graben (D. O. A.). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie Abteilung B 78: 380-412.
52. Parrish, J. M. 1993. Phylogeny of the Crocodylotarsi with reference to archosaurian and crurotarsan monophyly. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13(3): 287-308.
53. Peyer, K., J. Carter, H. D. Sues, S. Novak, and P. Olsen. 2008. A new suchian archosaur from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(2): 363-381.
54. Pinna, G., and P. Arduini. 1978. Un nuovo esemplare di Ticinosuchus ferox Krebs, rinvenuto nel giacimento Triassico di Besano in Lombardia. Natura-Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 69: 73-80.
55. Rieber, H. 1973. Die Triasfauna der Tessiner Kalkalpen. XXII. Cephalopoden aus der Grenzbitumenzone (Mittlere Trias) des Monte San Giorgio (Kanton Tessin, Schweiz). Schweizerische Paläontologische Abhandlungen 93: 1-96.
56. Röhl, H.-J., A. Schmid-Röhl, H. Furrer, A. Frimmel, W. Oschmann, and L. Schwark. 2001. Microfacies, geochemistry and palaeoecology of the Middle Triassic Grenzbitumenzone from Monte San Giorgio (Canton Ticino, Switzerland). Geologia Insubrica 6(1): 1-13.
57. Schwarz-Wings, D., E. Frey, and T. Martin. 2009. Reconstruction of the bracing system of the trunk and the tail in hyposaurine dyrosaurids (Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29(2): 453-472.
58. Scotese, C. R. 2002. http://www. scotese. com, (PALEOMAP website).
59. Sen, K. 2005. A new rauisuchian archosaur from the Middle Triassic of India. Palaeontology 48(1): 185-196.
60. Sill, W. D. 1974. The anatomy of Saurosuchus galilei and the relationships of the rauisuchid thecodonts. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 146(7): 317-362.
61. Stockar, R. 2010. Facies, depositional environment, and palaeoecology of the Middle Triassic Cassina beds (Meride Limestone, Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland). Swiss Journal of Geosciences 103(1): 101-119.
62. Stockley, G. M. 1932. The geology of the Ruhuhu Coalfields, Tanganyika Territory. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London 88: 610-620.
63. Sulej, T. 2005. A new rauisuchian reptile (Diapsida: Archosauria) from the Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(1): 78-86.
64. Trotteyn, M. J., J. B. Desojo, and O. A. Alcober. 2011. Nuevo material postcraneano de Saurosuchus galilei (Archosauria: Crurotarsi) del Triásico Superior del centro-oeste de Argentina. Ameghiniana 48(1): 605-620.
65. von Huene, F. 1936. The constitution of the Thecodontia. American Journal of Science 32: 207-217.
66. von Huene, F. 1938. Ein großer Stagonolepidide aus der jüngeren Trias Ostafrikas. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Beilagenband B 80: 264-276.
67. von Huene, F. 1939. Ein kleiner Pseudosuchier und ein Saurischier aus den ostafrikanischen Mandaschichten. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Beilagen-Band B 81: 61-69.
68. von Huene, F. 1942. Die fossilen reptilien des südamerikanischen Gondwanalandes. Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabung in Südbrasilien 1928/1929. München: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
69. von Huene, F. 1956. Paläontologie und Phylogenie der niederen Tetrapoden. Jena: G. Fischer Verlag.
70. Wedel, M. J. 2007. What pneumaticity tells us about 'prosauropods', and vice versa. Special Papers in Palaeontology 77: 207-222.
71. Weinbaum, J. C. 2002. Osteology and relationships of Postosuchus kirkpatricki (Archosauria: Crurotarsi), Unpublished Masters thesis, 78 p, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
72. Weinbaum, J. C., and A. Hungerbühler. 2007. A revision of Poposaurus gracilis (Archosauria: Suchia) based on two new specimens from the Late Triassic of the southwestern USA. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 81(2): 131-145.
73. Wilson, J. A. 1999. A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other Saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19(4): 639-653.
74. Wilson, J. A., and M. T. Carrano. 1999. Titanosaurs and the origin of "wide-gauge" trackways: A biomechanical and systematic perspective on sauropod locomotion. Paleobiology 25(2): 252-267.
75. Zittel, K. A. 1887-1890. Handbuch der Palaeontologie. I. Abtheilung, Palaeozoologie. III. Band., Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, 900. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich, Germany.