Causes of death in canadian Afghanistan and implications on tactical combat casualty care provision

Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care

Volumn 71, Issue 5 SUPPL.1, 2011, Pages

  Pannell, Dylan ^a   Brisebois, Ronald ^c   Talbot, Max ^c   Trottier, Vincent ^c   Clement, Julien ^c   Garraway, Naisan ^c   McAlister, Vivian ^c   Tien, Homer C ^b  

^a Canadian Forces Base Petawawa   (Canada)

^b SUNNYBROOK RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^c DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Combat casualty care; Death; Military medicine; Preventable death

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFGHANISTAN; ARMY; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; BATTLE INJURY; BLAST INJURY; BLEEDING; BRAIN INJURY; CANADA; CAUSE OF DEATH; FEMALE; GUNSHOT INJURY; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HUMAN; INJURY SCALE; MALE; MILITARY DEPLOYMENT; MILITARY MEDICINE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; TRAUMATOLOGY;

ADULT; AFGHAN CAMPAIGN 2001-; CANADA; CAUSE OF DEATH; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INJURY SEVERITY SCORE; MALE; MILITARY MEDICINE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 81455141696     PISSN: 00225282     EISSN: 15298809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318232e53f     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Butler FK, Hagmann J, Butler EG. Tactical Combat Casualty Care in Special Operations. Mil Med. 1996;161(suppl):3-16. (Pubitemid 26271379)
2. Butler FK. Tactical combat casualty care: combining good medicine with good tactics. J Trauma. 2003;54:S2-S3.
3. Bellamy R. Maningas P, Vayer J. Epidemiology of trauma: military experience. Ann Emerg Med. 1986;15:1384-1388. (Pubitemid 17184329)
4. Bellamy RF. The causes of death in conventional land warfare: implications for combat casualty care research. Mil Med. 1984;149:55-62.
5. Butler FK. Tactical medicine training for SEAL mission commanders. Mil Med. 2001;166:625-663.
6. Butler FK. The tactical combat casualty care transition initiative. Army Med Dept J. 2005;:33-37.
7. Blumenfeld A, Kluger Y, Ben Abraham R, Stein M, Rivkind A. Combat trauma life support training versus the original advanced trauma life support course: the impact of enhanced curriculum on final student scores. Mil Med. 1997;162:463-467. (Pubitemid 27412827)
8. Hawley A. Trauma management on the battlefield: a modern approach. J R Army Med Corps. 1996;142:120-125.
9. King RB, Filips D, Blitz S, Logsetty S. Evaluation of possible tourniquet systems for use in the Canadian Forces. J Trauma. 2006;60:1061-1072.
10. Tien HC, Jung V, Rizoli SB, Acharya SV, MacDonald JC. An evaluation of tactical combat casualty care interventions in a combat environment. JACS. 2008;207:174-178.
11. Basic and Advanced Prehospital Trauma Life Support: Military Edition. Revised 6th ed. National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians, Mosby, 2006.
12. Butler FK, Holcomb JB, Giebner SD, McSwain NE, Bagian J. Tactical combat casualty care 2007: evolving concepts and battlefield experience. Mil Med. 2007;172(11 Suppl):1-19. (Pubitemid 350100759)
13. Ahuja N, Ostomel TA, Rhee P, et al. Testing of modified zeolite hemostatic dressings in a large animal model of lethal groin injury. J Trauma. 2006;61:1312-1320. (Pubitemid 44973292)
14. Alam HB, Chen Z, Jaskille A, et al. Application of a zeolite hemostatic agent achieves 100% survival in a lethal model of complex groin injury in Swine. J Trauma. 2004;56:974-983. (Pubitemid 38788721)
15. Alam HB, Burris D, DaCorta JA, Rhee P. Hemorrhage control in the battlefield: role of new hemostatic agents. Mil Med. 2005;170:63-69. (Pubitemid 40731920)
16. Fallen Canadians. Department of National Defence Web Site. Available at: http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/focus/fallen/index-e.asp. Accessed May 27, 2008.
17. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Committee on Injury Scaling. The Abbreviated Injury Scale-1990 Revision (AIS-90). Des Plains, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine; 1990.
18. Holcomb JB, Stansbury LG, Champion HR, Wade C, Bellamy RF. Understanding combat casualty care statistics. J Trauma. 2006;60:397-401.
19. Holcomb JB, McMullin NR, Pearse L, et al. Causes of Death in U.S. Special Operation Forces in the Global War on Terrorism: 2001-2004. Ann Surg. 2007;245:986-991. (Pubitemid 46809302)
20. MacKenzie EJ, Steinwachs DM, Bone LR Floccare DJ, Ramzy AI. Inter-rater reliability of preventable death judgments. J Trauma. 1992; 33:292-302; discussion 302-303.
21. Hayward RA, MacMahon LF, Bernard AM. Evaluating the care of general medicine inpatients: how good is implicit review? Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118: 550-556 (Pubitemid 23085798)
22. Ashton CM, Kuykendall DH, Johnson ML, Wray NP. An empirical assessment of the validity of explicit and implicit process-of-care criteria for quality. Med Care. 1999;37:798-808.
23. Hulka BS, Romm FJ, Parkerson GR, Russell IT, Clapp NE, Johnson FS. Peer review in ambulatory care: use of explicit criteria and implicit judgments. Med Care. 1979;17(Suppl):1-73.
24. Israel RA, Rosenberg HM, Curtin LR. Analytical potential for multiple cause-of-death data. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;124:161-179. (Pubitemid 16070874)
25. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: global burden of disease study. Lancet. 1997; 349:1498-1504. (Pubitemid 27216360)
26. Dubois RW, Brook RH. Preventable deaths: who, how often, and why? Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:582-589
27. Macdonald JC, Tien HC. Emergency battlefield cricothyrotomy. CMAJ. 2008;178:1133-1135. (Pubitemid 351580071)
28. DiGiacomo C, Neshat KK, Angus LD, Penna K, Sadoff RS, Shaftan GW. Emergency cricothyrotomy. Mil Med. 2003;168:541-544. (Pubitemid 36876948)
29. Center for Army Lessons Learned. J Spec Oper Med. 2007;7(Training supplement):1-51.
30. Boffard KD, Riou B, Warren B, et al. Recombinant factor VIIa as adjunctive therapy for bleeding control in severely injured trauma patients: two parallel randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials. J Trauma. 2005;59:8-15.
31. Nishijima DK, Zehtabchi S. The efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII in severe trauma. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54:737-744.
32. O'Connell KA, Wood JJ, Wise RP, Lozier JN, Braun MM. Thromboembolic adverse events after use of recombinant human coagulation factor VIIa. JAMA. 2006;295:293-298. (Pubitemid 43112957)
33. Silverman TA, Weiskopf RB. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers: current status and future directions. Anesthesiology. 2009;111:946-963.
34. Moore EE, Moore FA, Fabian TC, et al. Human polymerized hemoglobin for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock when blood is unavailable: the USA multicenter trial. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208:1-13.
35. Rubens FD, Mujoomdar A, Tien HC. Cell salvage in trauma. Trauma Care. 2008;18:35-41.
36. Harrington DT, Connolly M, Biffl WL, Majercik SD, Cioffi WG. Transfer times to definitive care facilities are too long: a consequence of an immature trauma system. Ann Surg. 2005;241:961-966.