From acemhöyük to megiddo: The banquet scene in the art of the levant in the second millennium bce

Tel Aviv

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 133-167

  Ziffer, Irit ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 81355137942     PISSN: 03344355     EISSN: 20404786     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/tav.2005.2005.2.133     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. Aime-Giron, N. 1943. Essai sur Page et la succession des rois de Byblos d'aprés leurs inscriptions. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Egypte 42: 283–338.
2. Amiet, P. 1980. La glyptique mésopotamienne archaique2. Paris.
3. Amiet, P., Baratte, F., Desroches-Noblecourt, C., and Pasquier, A., eds. 1994. Forms and Styles: Antiquity. Cologne.
4. Archi, A. 2002. Formation of the West Hurrian Pantheon: The Case of Mara. In: Yener, K.A. and Hoffner, H.A. Jr., eds. Recent Developments in Hittite Archaeology and History Papers in Memory of Hans G. Gfiterbock. Winona Lake: 21–33.
5. Avishur, Y, 1984. Stylistic Studies of Word Pairs in Biblical and Ancient Semitic Literature (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 210). Neukirchen-Vluyn.
6. Barnett, R.D. 1982. Ancient Ivories in the Middle East (Qedem 14). Jerusalem.
7. Beck, P. 2002. Imagery and Representation: Studies in the Art and Iconography of Ancient Palestine: Collected articles. Tel Aviv.
8. Ben-Tor, D. 1994. The Historical Implication of Middle Kingdom Scarabs Found in Palestine Bearing Private Names and Titles of Officials. BASOR 294: 7–22.
9. Boese, J. 1971. Altmesopotamische Weihplatten. Berlin.
10. Börker-Klähn, J. 1997. Mauerkronenträgerinnen. In: Waetzoldt, H., and Hauptmann, H., eds. Assyrien im Wandel der Zeiten (XXXIX RAI, Heidelberger Studien zum Alten Orient 6). Heidelberg: 228–234.
11. Börker-Klähn, J. 1999. Schrift-Bilder. UF 31: 51–73.
12. Bryan, B.M. 1996. Art, Empire, and the End of the Late Bronze Age. In: Cooper, J.S. and Schwartz, G.M., eds. The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-First Century. Winona Lake: 33–79.
13. Buccellati, G., and Kelly-Buccellati, M. 1995–96. The Royal Storehouse of Urkesh: The Glyptic Evidence from the Southwestern Wing. Af0 42/43: 1–32.
14. Buccellati, G., and Kelly-Buccellati, M. 1996. The Seals of the King of Urkesh: Evidence from the Western Wing of the Royal Storehouse AK. WZKM 86: 65–99.
15. Bunnens, G. 2000. Syria in the Iron Age: Problems of Definition. In: Bunnens, G., ed. Essays on Syria in the Iron Age (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 7). Louvain, Paris, Sterling, VA: 3–19
16. Chéhab, M. 1970–71. Observations an sujet du sarcophage d'Ahiram. Mélanges offerts a M Maurice Dunand. Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph 46 II: 107–117.
17. Collon, D. 1982. The Aleppo Workshop. UF 13.33–43.
18. Collon, D. 1987. First Impressions. London.
19. Collon, D. 1992. Banquets in the Art of the Ancient Near East. In: Gyselen, R., ed. Banquets d 'Orient (Res Orientales IV). Bures-sur-Yvette: 23–29.
20. Deller, K. 1987. Assurbanipal in der Gartenlaube. BaM 18: 229–238.
21. Delougaz, P. 1952. Pottery from the Diyala Region (Oriental Institute Publications 63). Chicago.
22. Desroches-Noblecourt, C. 1956. Interpretation et datation d'une scene gravée sur deux fragments de recipient en alabâtre provenant des fouilles du palais d'Ugarit. In: Schaeffer, C.F.-A., ed. Ugaritica III. Paris: 180–220.
23. Dunand, M. 1950–1958. Fouilles de Byblos II, 1933–1938. Paris.
24. Eaton-Krauss, M. 1985. Fragment of an Alabaster Vessel. In: Weiss, H., ed. Ebla to Damascus. Washington, DC: 303-304.
25. Even Zohar, I. 1990. Depletion and Shift. Poetics Today 11/1: 195–206.
26. Fales, M.F. 2004. Rileggendo gli inventari di Qatna. Kaskal 1: 83–127.
27. Feldman, M.H. 2002. Luxurious Forms: Redefining a Mediterranean "International Style," 1400-1200 B.C.E. Art Bulletin 84: 6–29.
28. Fischer, H. 1977. Fächer und Wedel. Lexikon der Ágyptologie II: 81–85.
29. Frankfort, H. 1939. Cylinder Seals. London.
30. Frankfort, H. 1954. The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient. Harmondsworth.
31. Gachet, J. 1992. Ugarit Ivories: Typology and Distribution. In: Fitton, J.L, ed. Ivory in Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean from the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic Period (British Museum Occasional Paper 85). London: 67–89.
32. Giveon, R. 1959. King or God on the Sarcophagus of Ahiram. IEJ 9: 57–59. Goldstein, J. 1984–1985. The Central Composition of the West Wall of the Synagogue of Dura-Europos. JANES 16–17: 99–141.
33. Gronewegen-Frankfort, H.A. 1951. Arrest and Movement. London.
34. Gubel, E. 1987. Phoenician Furniture (Studia Phoenicia VII). Leuven.
35. Gäterbock, H.G. 1983. Hethitische Götterbilder und Kultobjekte. In: Boehmer, R.M. and Hauptmann, H., eds. Beiträge zur Altertumskunde Kleinasiens. Festschrift für Kurt Bittel. Mainz: 203–217.
36. Güterbock, H.G., and Kendall, T. 1995. A Hittite Silver Vessel in the Form of a Fist. In: Carter, J.B. and Morris, S.P., eds. The Ages of Homer: A Tribute to Emily Townsend Vermeule. Austin: 45–60.
37. Hachmann, R. 1967. Das Königsgrab V von Jebeil (Byblos). istMitt 17: 93–114.
38. Hachmann, R. 1993. Kumidi und Byblos: Spätbronzezeitliche Königsgräber im Kiistengebiet östlich des Mittelmeers. In: Zwickel, W., ed. Biblische Welten. Festschrift fiir Martin Metzger zu seinem 65. Geburtstag (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 123). Fribourg and Gottingen: 1–40.
39. Hallo, W.W. 1996. Origins: The Ancient Near Eastern Background of Some Modern Western Institutions. Leiden, New York, Cologne.
40. Hallo, W.W. 2005. Sumerian History in Pictures: A New Look at the "Stele of the Flying Angels". In: Sefati, Y., et al., eds. "An Experienced Scribe Who Neglects Nothing": Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Jacob Klein. Bethesda: 142–162.
41. Hansen, D. 1969. Some Remarks on the Chronology and Style of Objects from Byblos. AJA 73: 281–284.
42. Hansen, D. 1998. Art of the Royal Tombs of Ur: A Brief Interpretation. In: Zeftler, R.L. and Horne, L., eds. Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur. Philadelphia: 43–75.
43. Harper, P.O. 1969. Dating a Group of Ivories from Anatolia. The Connoisseur. Special Commemorative Issue: The Centennial of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, November 1969: 156–162.
44. Heinz, S.C. 2001. Die Feldzugdarstellungen des Neuen Reiches: Eine Bildanalyse. Vienna.
45. Helck, W. 1955. Die liegende und geflügelte weibliche Sphinx des neuen Reiches. Mitteilungen des Instituts fur Orientforschung der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschafien zu Berlin I1111: 1–10.
46. Hoffner, H.A., Jr. 1969 The 'City of Gold' and the 'City of Silver'. IEJ19: 178-180. Kantor, H.J. 1956. Syro-Palestinian Ivories. JNES 15: 153–173.
47. Kantor, H.J. 1960. Ivory Carving in the Mycenaean Period. Archaeology 13: 14–25.
48. Kuhne, C. 1998. Meki, Megum und Mekum/Mekim. In: Izre'el, S., Singer, I. and Zadok, R., eds. Israel Oriental Studies 18: 311–322.
49. Kuhrt, A. 1995. The Ancient Near East c. 3000–330 BC. London and New York.
50. Lackenbacher, S. 1995. Une correspondance entre l'administration du pharaon Merneptah et le roi d' Ougarit. In: Yon, M., Sznycer, M., and Bordreuil, P., eds. Le pays d'Ougarit autour de 1200 ay.I-C. (Ras Shamra-Ougarit 11). Paris: 77–83.
51. Liebowitz, H. 1980. Military and Feast Scenes on Late Bronze Palestinian Ivories. IEJ30: 162–169.
52. Liebowitz, H. 1987. Late Bronze Ivory Work in Palestine: Evidence of a Cultural Highpoint. BASOR 265: 3–24.
53. Lilyquist, C. 1998. The Use of Ivories as Interpreters of Political History. BASOR 310: 25–33.
54. Loud, G. 1939. The Megiddo Ivories (Oriental Institute Publications 52). Chicago.
55. Malek, J. 2003. Egypt: 4000 Years of Art. London and New York.
56. Manniche, L. 1999 Sacred Luxuries: Fragrance, Aromatherapy and Cosmetics in Ancient Egypt. Ithaca, NY.
57. Marchetti, N. 2003. Notes on an Old Syrian Seal Impression from Sippar. Iraq 65. 161–169.
58. Margueron, J. 1979. Existe-t-il des ateliers dans les palais orientaux de l'âge du Bronze? Ktema 4: 3–25.
59. Markoe, G.E.1990. The Emergence of Phoenician Art. BASOR 279: 13–26.
60. Markoe, G.E. 2000. Phoenicians. Berkeley and Los Angeles.
61. Matthiae, P. 1989. Old Syrian Ancestors of Some Neo-Assyrian Figurative Symbols of Kingship. In: De Meyer, L. and Haerinck, E., eds. Archaeologia Iranica et Orientalis in Honorem Louis Vanden Berghe. Ghent: 367–387.
62. Matthiae, P. 1992. High Old Syrian Statuary from Ebla. In: Hrouda, B., Kroll, S. and Spanos, P.Z., eds. Von Uruk nach Tuttul. Festschrift fir Eva Strommenger. Munich: 111–128.
63. Matthiae, P. 1994. The Lions of the Great Goddess of Ebla; A Hypothesis about Some Archaic Old Syrian Cylinders. In: Gasche, H., ed. Cinquante-deux refiexions sur le Proche-Orient ancien offertes en homage a Leon De Meyer (Mesopotamian History and Environment Occasional Publications II). Leuven: 329–338.
64. Matthiae, P. 1995. Ebla: Alle origini della civilta urbana. Rome.
65. Matthiae, P. 1997. Ebla and Syria in the Middle Bronze Age. In: Oren, D., ed. The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives. Philadelphia: 379–414.
66. Matthiae, P. 2000. A Statue Base from the Western Palace of Ebla. In: Dittmann, R., et al., eds. Variatio Delectat: Iran und der Westen. Gedenkschrift fur Peter Calmeyer. Munster: 385–402.
67. Mayer-Opificius, R. 1981. Archäologischer Kommentar zur Statue des Idrimi von Alalab. UF 13: 279–290.
68. Mazzoni, S. 1980. Una statua reale paleosiriana del Cleveland Museum. Studi Eblaiti 3: 79–98.
69. Mellink, M. 1969. The Pratt Ivories in the Metropolitan Museum of Art-Kerma-Chronology and the Transition from Early Bronze to Middle Bronze in Anatolia. AJA 73: 285–287.
70. Mellink, M. 1987. Anatolian Libation Pourers, and the Minoan Genius. In: Farkas, A., Harper, P.O. and Harrison, E.B., eds. Monsters and Demons in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: Papers Presented in Honor of Edith Porada. Mainz: 65–72.
71. Mellink, M.J. 1993. Aspects of Minor Arts in Kanish, and Acemhöytik. In: Mellink, M.J., Porada, E. and Ozgiic, T., eds. Aspects ofArt and konography: Anatolia and Its Neighbors, Studies in Honor of Nimet Ozgiie. Ankara: 423–433.
72. Metzger, M. 1985a. Königsthron und Gottesthron (AOAT 15). Neukirchen-Vluyn.
73. Metzger, M. 1985b. Der Thron als Manifestation der Herrschaft in der Ikonographie des Vorderen Orients und im Alten Testament. In: Rendtorff, T., ed. Charisma und Institution. Giitersloh: 250–295.
74. Michalowski, P. 1994. The Drinking Gods: Alcohol in Mesopotamian Ritual and Mythology. In: Milano, L., ed. Drinking in Ancient Societies: History and Culture of Drinks in the Ancient Near East. Padua: 27–44.
75. Murray, O. 1995. Histories of Pleasure. In: Murray, 0. and Tecusan, M., eds. In Vino Veritas. London: 3–16.
76. Muyldermans, R. 1989 Two Banquet Scenes in the Levant: A Comparison between the Ahiram Sarcophagus from Byblos, and a North Syrian Pyxis Found at Nimrud. In: De Meyer, L. and Haerinck, E., eds. Archaeologia Iranica et Orientalis: Miscellanea in Honorem Louis Vanden Berghe. Ghent: 393–407.
77. Nashef, Kb. 1991. Die Orts- und Gewiissernamen der altassyrischen Zeit (Repertoire Géographique des Textes Cunéiformes 4). Wiesbaden.
78. Niwifiski, A. 2000. The Origin of the Two Sacred White Attributes of the Early Egyptian King: Crown, and Mace. In: Cialowicz, K.M. and Ostrowski, J.A., eds. Les Civilisations du basin méditeranéen: Hommages a Joachim gliwa. Crakow: 155–162.
79. Nougayrol, J. 1955. Le Palais Royal d'Ugarit 3. Paris.
80. Nylander, C. 1999. Breaking the Cup of Kingship: An Elamite Coup in Nineveh? Iranica Antigua 34: 71–83.
81. Orthmann, W. 1964. Hethitische Götterbilder. In: Bittel, K., and Calmeyer, P., eds. Vorderasiatische Archäologie: Studien und Aufsätze Anton Moortgat zum ffinfundsechzigsten Geburtstag gewidmet. Berlin: 221–228.
82. Owen, D., and Veenker, R. 1987. Megum, the First Ur III, Ensi of Ebla. In: Cagni, L., ed. Ebla 1975–1985 (Istituto Universitario Orientate, Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici Series Minor 27). Naples: 263–291.
83. Öz.ög 19, N. 1968a. Seals and Seal Impressions of Level lb from Karum Kanish. Ankara.
84. Özgöc, N. 1968b. New Light on the Dating of the Levels of the Karum of Kanish and of Acemhöytk near Aksaray. AJ A 72: 318–320.
85. Özgö, N. 1976. An Ivory Box and a Stone Mould from Acemhöyük. Belleten 40: 555–560.
86. Özgö, N. 2002. Erlesene Werke der Kleinkunst. In: Die Hethiter und ihr Reich: Das Volk der 1000 Götter (Exhibition catalogue of the Kunst- undAusstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Duetschland in Bonn). Bonn: 244–247.
87. Parker, S.B. 1997. Ugaritic Narrative Poetry (SBL Writings from the Ancient World Series). Atlanta.
88. Paul, S.M. 1967. Jerusalem-A City of Gold. IEJ 17: 259–263.
89. Petrie, F. 1930. Beth Pelet I. London.
90. Pinnock, F. 1988. Observations on the Trade of Lapis Lazuli in the IIIrd Millennium B.C. In: Waetzoldt, H., and Hauptmann, H., eds. Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft von Ebla (Heidelberger Studien zum Alten Orient 2). Heidelberg: 107–110.
91. Pinnock, F. 1990. Patterns of Trade at Ebla in the Third Millennium B.C. AAAS 40: 39–49.
92. Pinnock, F. 2000. Some Thoughts about the Transmission of Iconographies between North Syria and Cappadocia, End of the Third-Beginning of the Second Millennium B.C. In: Matthiae, P., Enea, A., Peyronel, L. and Pinnock, F., eds. Proceedings of the First International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Rome, May 18th-23rd 1998, Vol. II. Rome: 1392–1406.
93. Pinnock, F. 2001. The Urban Landscape of Old Syrian Ebla. JCS 53: 13–33.
94. Pittman, H. 1998. Cylinder Seals. In: Zettler, R.L. and Horne, L., eds. Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur. Philadelphia: 75–84.
95. Porada, E. 1973. A Note on the Sarcophagus of Ahiram. JANES 5: 355–378.
96. Porada, E. 1980. Karig, karum. C. Die Glyptik. R1A 5: 383–389.
97. Porada, E. 1982. Kleine Bemerkungen ither Abrollungen auf Tafeln des Karum Kanesh und zwei Texte. In: Nissen, H.-J. and Renger, J., eds. Mesopotamien und seine Nachbarn (RAI 25). Berlin: 161–171.
98. Potts, D.T. 1999. The Archaeology of Elam: Formation of an Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge.
99. Poursat, J.-C. 1977. Les Ivoires Myceniens. Paris.
100. Rehm, E. 2004. Dynasten Sarkophage mit szenischen Reliefs aus Byblos und Zypern I. Der Attiram-Sarkophag (Forschungen zur phönizisch-punischen und zyprischen Plastik II.1.1). Mainz.
101. Rin, S., and Rin, S. 1996. Acts of the Gods: The Ugaritic Epic Poetry. Philadelphia (Hebrew).
102. Sader, H. 1998. In: Liban, 1 'autre rive. Paris: 126.
103. Sass, B. 2005. The Alphabet at the Turn of the Millennium (Tel Aviv Occasional Publications 4). Tel Aviv.
104. Scandone-Matthiae, G. 1988. Les realtions entre Ebla et l'Egypte au Irne millonaire av.J.-Chr. In: Waetzoldt, H. and Hauptmann, H., eds. Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft
105. von Ebla (Heidelberger Studien zum Alten Orient 2). Heidelberg:67–73.
106. Scandone-Matthiae, G. 1990. Egyptianizing Ivory Inlays from Palace P at Ebla. AAAS 40: 146–160.
107. Scandone-Matthiae, G. 1997a. Méki/Mekim (d'Ebla) dans l'"histoire de Sinouhé"? 11/L4RI 8: 249–250.
108. Scandone-Matthiae, G. 1997b. The Relations between Ebla and Egypt. In: Oren, D., ed. The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives. Philadelphia: 415–432.
109. Schapiro, M. 1973. Words and Pictures: On the Literal and the Symbolic in the Illustration of a Text. Hague and Paris
110. Seidel, M. 1998. The Hidden Tombs of Memphis. In: Schulz, R., and Seidel, M., eds. Egypt-The World of the Pharaohs. Cologne: 264–269.
111. Selz, G. 1983. Die Bankettszene-Entwicklung eines iiberzeitlischen Bildmotivs von der frühdynastischen bis zur Akkad-Zeit (Freiburger Altorientalische Studien 11). Wiesbaden.
112. Simpson, W.K. 1959. The Vessels with Engraved Designs and the Repoussé Bowl from the Tell Basta Treasure. AJA 63: 29–45.
113. Singer, I. 1999. A Political History of Ugarit (Handbuch der Orientalistik 1/39). Leiden, Boston, Cologne.
114. Stronach, D. 1995. The Imagery of the Wine Bowl: Wine in Assyria in the Early First Millennium B.C. In: McGovern, P.E. and Fleming, S.J., eds. The Origins and Ancient History of Wine. Philadelphia: 175–195.
115. Sweeney, D. The Man on the Folding Chair: An Egyptian Relief from Beth Shean. IEJ 48: 38–53.
116. Tawil, H. 1974. Some Literary Elements in the Opening Section of the Hadad, Zakir and Neirab II Inscriptions in the Light of East and West Semitic Royal Inscriptions. Or 43. 40–65.
117. Teissier, B. 1993. The Ruler with the Peaked Cap, and Other Syrian Iconography on Glyptic from Kiiltepe in the Early Second Millennium B.C. In: Mellink, M.J., Porada, E. and Ozgtic, T., eds. Aspects of Art and Iconography: Anatolia and Its Neighbors, Studies in Honor of Nimet Ozgik. Ankara: 601–612.
118. Teissier, B. 1994. Sealing and Seals on Texts from Kiiltepe Karum Level 2. Amsterdam.
119. Teissier, B. 1996. Egyptian Iconography on Syro-Palestinian Cylinder Seals of the Middle Bronze Age (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis SA 11). Fribourg and Gottingen.
120. Tonietti, M.V. 1997. Le cas de mekum: continuité ou innovation dans la tradition &lane entre HP et Ir millénaires? MARI 8: 225–242.
121. Van Buren, E.D. 1956. The Sceptre, Its Origin and Significance. RAss 50: 101–103.
122. Van Loon, M. 1986. The Drooping Lotus Flower. In: Kelly-Buccellati, M., ed. Insight Through Images: Studies in Honor of Edith Porada. Malibu: 245–252.
123. Winter, I. 1986. The King, and the Cup: Iconography of the Royal Presentation Scene of Ur III Seals. In: Kelly-Buccellati, M., Matthiae, P. and Van Loon, M., eds. Insight through Images: Studies in Honor of Edith Porada (Bibliotheca Mesopotamica 21). Malibu: 253–268.
124. Winter, I. 1987. Legitimation, and Authority through Image, and Legend: Seals Belonging to Officials in the Administrative Bureaucracy of the Ur III State. In: Gibson, M., and Gibbs, R.D., eds. The Organization of Power: Aspects of Bureaucracy in the Ancient Near East (Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 46). Chicago: 60–106.
125. Winter, I. 1988. North Syria as a Bronzeworking Centre in the Early First Millennium BC: Luxury Commodities at Home and Abroad. In: Curtis, J., ed. Bronzeworking Centres of Western Asia c. 1000–539 B.C. London and New York: 193–225.
126. Wyatt, N. 1992. The Pruning of the Vine in KTU 1.23. UF 24.425–427.
127. Zevulun, U. 1986–1987. The Appearance of Headed Cups in Canaan. In: Zeevy, R., ed. Israel—People and Land 4 (22) (Eretz Israel Museum Yearbook NS). Tel Aviv: 111–132 (Hebrew with English summary).
128. Zevulun, U. 1987. A Canaanite Ram-Headed Cup. IEJ 37: 88–104.
129. Ziffer, I. 1990. At that Time the Canaanites Were in the Land: Daily Life in Canaan in the Middle Bronze Age 2, 2000-1550 B.C.E. (Eretz Israel Museum exhibition catalogue). Tel Aviv.
130. Ziffer, I. 1999 Metamorphosis of Ancient Near Eastern Metaphors of Rulership. The Towel, The Flower and the Cup (PhD dissertation, Tel Aviv University). Tel Aviv (Hebrew).
131. Ziffer, I. 2001.; 6i. Propos the Mandil: Tracing the Ancient Near Eastern Origins of a Badge of Office. In: Kenaan-Kedar, N. and Ovadiah, A., eds. The Metamorphosis of Marginal Images: From Antiquity to Present Time. Tel Aviv: 39–48.