The role of neighborhood parks as crime generators

Security Journal

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-24

  Groff, Elizabeth ^a   McCord, Eric S ^b  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

crime; crime generators; land use; parks; proximity

Indexed keywords

EID: 81355136399     PISSN: 09551662     EISSN: 17434645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1057/sj.2011.1     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Braga, A.A.(2001)The effects of hot spots policing on crime.Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 578: 104-125 .
2. Braga, A.A.(2007)Effects of hot spots policing on crime, http://www.sfi.dk/graphics/Campbell/reviews/Hot-spots-policing-review.pdf .
3. Braga, A.A., Weisburd, D.L., Waring, E., Mazzerole, L., Spelman, W.and Gajewski, F.(1999)Problem-oriented policing in violent crime places: A randomized controlled experiment.Criminology 37 (3): 541-580 .
4. Brantingham, P.J.and Brantingham, P.L.(1991 [1981])Environmental Criminology.Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press .
5. Brantingham, P.L.and Brantingham, P.J.(1993)Environment, routine, and situation: Toward a pattern theory of crime.In: R.V. Clarke and M. Felson (eds.) Routine Activity and Rational Choice, Vol. 5. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 259-294 .
6. Brantingham, P.L.and Brantingham, P.J.(1995a)Criminality of place: Crime generators and crime attractors.European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 3 (3): 5-26 .
7. Brantingham, P.L.and Brantingham, P.J.(1995b)Location quotients and crime hotspots in the city.In: C. Block, M. Dabdoub and S. Fregly (eds.) Crime Analysis Through Computer Mapping.Washington DC: Police Executive Research Forum, pp. 129-149 .
8. Brower, S.(1980)Territory in urban settings.In: I. Altman and C.M. Werner (eds.) Human Behavior and Environment: Current Theory and Research, Vol. 4. New York: Plenum .
9. Brower, S.(1984)The Harlem Park Renovation Project: Baltimore Maryland.Baltimore, MD: University of Maryland at Baltimore County .
10. Burgess, J., Harrison, C.M.and Limb, M.(1988)People, parks and the urban green: A study of popular meanings and values for open spaces in the city.Urban Studies 25 (6): 455-473 .
11. Chiesura, A.(2004)The role of urban parks for the sustainable city.Landscape and Urban Planning 68: 129-138 .
12. Clarke, R.V.(1983)Situational crime prevention: Its theoretical basis and practical scope.In: M. Tonry and N. Morris (eds.) Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Vol. 14. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 225-256 .
13. Clarke, R.V.(ed.)(1997)Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies, 2nd edn. Albany, NY: Harrow and Heston Publishers .
14. Clarke, R.V.(2008)Situational crime prevention.In: R. Wortley and L. Mazerolle (eds.) Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis.Portland, OR: Willan Publishing, pp. 178-194 .
15. Clarke, R.V.and Eck, J.(2007)Understanding Risky Facilities, Center for Problem-Oriented Policing, http://www.popcenter.org/tools/PDFs/risky-facilities. pdf .
16. Cohen, L.E.and Felson, M.(1979)Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach.American Sociological Review 44: 588-608 .
17. Crewe, K.(2001)Linear parks and urban neighborhoods: A case study of the crime impact of the Boston South-West corridor.Journal of Urban Design 6 (3): 245-264 .
18. Crompton, J.L.(2001)The impact of parks on property values: A review of the empirical evidence.Journal of Leisure Research 33: 1-31 .
19. Dehring, C.and Dunse, N.(2006)Housing density and the effect of proximity to public open space in Aberdeen, Scotland.Real Estate Economics 34 (4): 553-566 .
20. Eck, J.E.(1995)A general model of the geography of illicit retail marketplaces.In: J.E. Eck and D. Weisburd (eds.) Crime and Place.Monsey, NY: Willow Tree Press, pp. 67-93 .
21. Espey, M.and Owusu-Edusei, K.J.(2001)Neighborhood parks and residential property values in Greenville, South Carolina.Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 33: 487-492 .
22. Evans, D.J.and Oulds, G.(1984)Geographical aspects of the incidence of residential Burglary in Newcastle- Under-Lyme, U.K.Tijdschrift voor Economische Sociale Geografie 75 (5): 344-355 .
23. Felson, M.(1995)Those who discourage crime.In: J.E. Eck and D.L. Weisburd (eds.) Crime and Place.Monsey, NY: Willow Tree Press, pp. 53-66 .
24. Groff, E.R., Weisburd, D.and Yang, S .- M.(2010)Is it important to examine crime trends at a local " micro " level?: A longitudinal analysis of street to street variability in crime trajectories.Journal of Quantitative Criminology 26: 7-32 .
25. Hakim, S.and Shachamurove, Y.(1996)Spatial and temporal patterns of commercial burglaries: The evidence examined.American Journal of Economics and Sociology 55 (4): 443-456 .
26. Hayward, J.(ed.)(1989)Urban Parks: Research, Planning, and Social Change, Vol. 10: Public Places and Spaces. New York: Plenum Press .
27. Herbert, D.T.(1982)The Geography of Urban Crime.New York, NY: Longman .
28. Hilborn, J.(2009)Dealing with Crime and Disorder in Urban Parks, http://www.popcenter.org/responses/PDFs/urban-parks.pdf .
29. Jacobs, J.(1961)The Death and Life of Great American Cities.New York: Vintage Books .
30. Jeffery, C.R.(1971)Crime Prevention through Environmental Design.Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications .
31. Knutsson, J.(1997)Restoring public order in a city park.In: R. Homel (ed.) Policing for Prevention: Reducing Crime, Public Intoxication and Injury, Vol. 7. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press, pp. 133-151 .
32. Kühlhorn, E.(1978)Deprivation of Freedom and the Police.Stockholm, Sweden: National Swedish Council for Crime Prevention .
33. Kurtz, E.M., Koons, B.A.and Taylor, R.B.(1998)Land use, physical deterioration, resident-based control, and calls for service on urban streetblocks.Justice Quarterly 15 (1): 121-149 .
34. LaGrange, T.C.(1999)The impact of neighborhoods, schools, and malls on the spatial distribution of property damage.Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 36 (4): 393-422 .
35. Leon Younger and PROS(2004)A Bridge to the Future: Fairmount Park Strategic Plan.Report to Fairmont Park Commission; Philadelphia, PA .
36. Lockwood, D.(2007)Mapping crime in Savannah: Social disadvantage, land use, and violent crimes reported to the police.Social Science Computer Review 25 (2): 194-209 .
37. Lutzenhiser, M.and Netusil, N.R.(2001)The effect of open spaces on a home's sale price.Contemporary Economic Policy 19: 291-298 .
38. Madden, K., Love, K.and Davies, S.(1982)User Analysis: An Approach to Park Planning and Management.Washington D.C.: American Society of Landscape Architects .
39. Maguire, M.(1982)Burglary in a Dwelling.London: Heinemann .
40. McCord, E. S. and Ratcliffe, J. H.(2007)A micro-spatial analysis of the demographic and criminogenic environment of drug markets in Philadelphia.The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 40 (1): 43-63 .
41. McCord, E.S.and Ratcliffe, J.H.(2009)Intensity value analysis and the criminogenic effects of land use features on local crime patterns.Crime Patterns and Analysis 2 (1): 17-30 .
42. Michael, S.E., Hull, B.R.and Zahm, D.L.(2001)Environmental factors influencing auto Burglary: A case study.Environment and Behavior 33 (3): 368-388 .
43. Miethe, T.D.and McDowall, D.(1993)Contextual effects in models of criminal victimization.Social Forces 71: 741-759 .
44. New Yorkers for Parks and Ernst & Young. (2003)Analysis of secondary economic impacts resulting from park expenditures [Electronic Version], http://www.ny4p.org/index.php?option=com-content&task=blogcategory&id= 25&Itemid=211.
45. Newman, O.(1972)Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design.New York: Macmillan.
46. Parkes, A., Kearns, A.and Atkinson, R.(2002)What makes people dissatisfied with their neighbourhoods? Urban Studies 39 (13): 2413-2438 .
47. Pendleton, M.(1998)Policing the park: Understanding soft enforcement.Journal of Leisure Research 30 (4): 552-571 .
48. Pendleton, M.and Thompson, H.L.(2000)Criminal careers of park and recreational hot spots.Parks and Recreation 35: 57-63 .
49. Perkins, D., Wandersman, A., Rich, R.and Taylor, R.B.(1993)The physical environment of street crime: Defensible space, territoriality and incivilities.Journal of Environmental Psychology 13: 29-49 .
50. Project for Public Spaces.(2005)How to Turn a Place Around: A Handbook for Creating Successful Places.New York: Project for Public Spaces .
51. Reeves, N.(2000)The condition of public urban parks and greenspace in Britain.Journal of CIWEM 14: 157-163 .
52. Rengert, G., Ratcliffe, J.H.and Chakravorty, S.(2005)Policing Illegal Drug Markets: Geographic Approaches to Crime Reduction.Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press .
53. Rengert, G.and Wasilchick, J.(1985)Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything.Springfield, IL: Charles Thomas .
54. Rengert, G.F.(1996)The Geography of Illegal Drugs.Boulder, CO: Westview Press .
55. Roncek, D.W.and Faggiani, D.(1985)High schools and crime: A replication.The Sociological Quarterly 26 (4): 491-505 .
56. Roncek, D.W.and Lobosco, A.(1983)The effect of high schools on crime in their neighborhoods.Social Science Quarterly 64 (3): 598-613 .
57. Sampson, R.J.and Groves, W.B.(1989)Community structure and crime: Testing social-disorganization theory.American Journal of Sociology 94 (4): 774-802 .
58. Sampson, R.J.and Raudenbush, S.W.(1999)Systematic social observation of public spaces: A new look at disorder in urban neighborhoods.American Journal of Sociology 105 (3): 603-651
59. Schroeder, H.W.and Anderson, L.M.(1984)Perception of personal safety in urban recreation sites.Journal of Leisure Research 16 (2): 178-194 .
60. Sherman, L.W., Gartin, P.and Buerger, M.E.(1989)Hot spots of predatory crime: Routine activities and the criminology of place.Criminology 27 (1): 27-55 .
61. Smith, W.R., Frazee, S.G.and Davison, E.L.(2000)Furthering the integration of routine activity and social disorganization theories: Small units of analysis and the study of street robbery as a diffusion process.Criminology 38 (2): 489-523 .
62. Taylor, R.B.and Harrell, A.(1996)Physical environment and crime, http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/physenv.pdf, accessed 21 January 2010 .
63. Troy, A.and Grove, J.M.(2008)Property values, parks, and crime: A hedonic analysis in Baltimore, MD.Landscape and Urban Planning 87: 233-245 .
64. Voicu, I.and Been, V.(2008)The effect of community gardens on neighboring property values.Real Estate Economics 36 (2): 241-283 .
65. Weisburd, D.and Eck, J.(2004)What can police do to reduce crime, disorder and fear? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 593 (1): 42-65 .
66. Weisburd, D., Bushway, S., Lum, C.and Yang, S .- M.(2004)Trajectories of crime at places: A longitudinal study of street segments in the city of Seattle.Criminology 42 (2): 283-321 .
67. Weisburd, D., Morris, N. and Groff, E. R.(2009)Hot spots of juvenile crime: A longitudinal study of arrest incidents at street segments in Seattle, Washington.Journal of Quantitative Criminology 25 (4): 443-467 .
68. Weisburd, D., Groff, E.R.and Yang, S .- M.(2010a)Explaining Developmental Crime Trajectories at Places: A Study of 'Crime Waves' and 'Crime Drops' at Micro Units of Geography.Washington DC: National Institute of Justice .
69. Weisburd, D., Telep, C., Hinkle, J.C.and Eck, J.E.(2010b)Is problem-oriented policing effective in reducing crime and disorder? Findings from a Campbell Systematic Review.Criminology and Public Policy 9 (1): 139-172 .
70. Westover, T.N.(1985)Perceptions of crime and safety in three Midwestern parks.Professional Geographer 37 (4): 410-420 .
71. Whyte, W.H.(1980)The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces.New York: Project for Public Spaces .
72. Wilcox, P., Quisenberry, N., Cabrera, D.T.and Jones, S.(2004)Busy places and broken windows? Toward defining the role of physical structure and process in community crime models.The Sociological Quarterly 45 (2): 185-207