Physical theories, eternal inflation, and the quantum universe

Journal of High Energy Physics

Volumn 2011, Issue 11, 2011, Pages

  Nomura, Yasunori ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM; dS vacua in string theory; Models of Quantum Gravity; Superstring Vacua

Indexed keywords

EID: 81255210337     PISSN: 11266708     EISSN: 10298479     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2011)063     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. A.H. Guth and E.J. Weinberg, Could the universe have recovered from a slow first order phase transition?, Nucl. Phys. B 212 (1983) 321
2. A. Vilenkin, The birth of inflationary universes, Phys. Rev. D 27 (1983) 2848
3. A.D. Linde, Eternally existing selfreproducing chaotic inflationary universe, Phys. Lett. B 175 (1986) 395
4. A.D. Linde, Eternal chaotic inflation, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 1 (1986) 81
5. R. Bousso and J. Polchinski, Quantization of four form fluxes and dynamical neutralization of the cosmological constant, JHEP 06 (2000) 006 [hep-th/0004134]
6. S. Kachru, R. Kallosh, A.D. Linde and S.P. Trivedi, De Sitter vacua in string theory, Phys. Rev. D 68 (2003) 046005 [hep-th/0301240]
7. L. Susskind, The anthropic landscape of string theory, hep-th/0302219
8. M.R. Douglas, The statistics of string/M theory vacua, JHEP 05 (2003) 046 [hep-th/0303194]
9. J.D. Barrow and F.J. Tipler, The anthropic cosmological principle, Oxford University Press, Oxford U.K. (1986).
10. C.J. Hogan, Why the universe is just so, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72 (2000) 1149 [astro-ph/9909295]
11. L.J. Hall and Y. Nomura, Evidence for the multiverse in the standard model and beyond, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 035001 [arXiv:0712.2454]
12. S. Weinberg, Anthropic bound on the cosmological constant, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 (1987) 2607
13. A.H. Guth, Inflation and eternal inflation, Phys. Rept. 333 (2000) 555 [astro-ph/0002156]
14. A. Vilenkin, A measure of the multiverse, J. Phys. A 40 (2007) 6777 [hep-th/0609193]
15. S. Winitzki, Predictions in eternal inflation, Lect. Notes Phys. 738 (2008) 157 [gr-qc/0612164]
16. A.D. Linde, Inflationary cosmology, Lect. Notes Phys. 738 (2008) 1 [arXiv:0705.0164]
17. L. Susskind, L. Thorlacius and J. Uglum, The stretched horizon and black hole complementarity, Phys. Rev. D 48 (1993) 3743 [hep-th/9306069]
18. L. Susskind, String theory and the principles of black hole complementarity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (1993) 2367 [hep-th/9307168]
19. C.R. Stephens, G. 't Hooft and B.F. Whiting, Black hole evaporation without information loss, Class. Quant. Grav. 11 (1994) 621 [gr-qc/9310006] (Pubitemid 24768561)
20. G. 't Hooft, Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity, gr-qc/9310026
21. L. Susskind, The world as a hologram, J. Math. Phys. 36 (1995) 6377 [hep-th/9409089]
22. R. Bousso, A covariant entropy conjecture, JHEP 07 (1999) 004 [hep-th/9905177]
23. R. Bousso, Joint group meeting, Berkeley U.S.A. February 16 2011.
24. R. Bousso, to appear.
25. B.S. DeWitt, Quantum theory of gravity. 1. The canonical theory, Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 1113
26. L. Susskind, The cosmic landscape: string theory and the illusion of intelligent design, chapter 11, Little, Brown and Company, New York U.S.A. (2005).
27. B. Carter, The anthropic principle in cosmology, in Confrontation of cosmological theories with observational data, M.S. Longair ed., Reidel, Dordrecht The Netherlands (1974), pg. 291.
28. J. Garriga and A. Vilenkin, Prediction and explanation in the multiverse, Phys. Rev. D 77 (2008) 043526 [arXiv:0711.2559]
29. J. Garriga, A.H. Guth and A. Vilenkin, Eternal inflation, bubble collisions and the persistence of memory, Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 123512 [hep-th/0612242]
30. B. Freivogel, M. Kleban, A. Nicolis and K. Sigurdson, Eternal inflation, bubble collisions and the disintegration of the persistence of memory, JCAP 08 (2009) 036 [arXiv:0901.0007]
31. R. Bousso, B. Freivogel and I.-S. Yang, Properties of the scale factor measure, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 063513 [arXiv:0808.3770]
32. A.D. Linde, Sinks in the landscape, Boltzmann brains and the cosmological constant problem, JCAP 01 (2007) 022 [hep-th/0611043]
33. M. Noorbala and V. Vanchurin, Geocentric cosmology: a new look at the measure problem, arXiv:1006.4148
34. G. Dvali, Black holes and large-N species solution to the hierarchy problem, Fortsch. Phys. 58 (2010) 528 [arXiv:0706.2050]
35. G. Dvali and C. Gomez, Quantum information and gravity cutoff in theories with species, Phys. Lett. B 674 (2009) 303 [arXiv:0812.1940]
36. D.A. Lowe, J. Polchinski, L. Susskind, L. Thorlacius and J. Uglum, Black hole complementarity versus locality, Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995) 6997 [hep-th/9506138]
37. N. Goheer, M. Kleban and L. Susskind, The trouble with de Sitter space, JHEP 07 (2003) 056 [hep-th/0212209]
38. T. Banks, W. Fischler and S. Paban, Recurrent nightmares? Measurement theory in de Sitter space, JHEP 12 (2002) 062 [hep-th/0210160]
39. W. Unruh, Notes on black hole evaporation, Phys. Rev. D 14 (1976) 870
40. G. Gibbons and S. Hawking, Cosmological event horizons, thermodynamics and particle creation, Phys. Rev. D 15 (1977) 2738
41. G. Gibbons and S. Hawking, Action integrals and partition functions in quantum gravity, Phys. Rev. D 15 (1977) 2752
42. T. Jacobson, Thermodynamics of space-time: the Einstein equation of state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 1260 [gr-qc/9504004]
43. R.-G. Cai and S.P. Kim, First law of thermodynamics and Friedmann equations of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe, JHEP 02 (2005) 050 [hep-th/0501055]
44. R.-G. Cai, L.-M. Cao and Y.-P. Hu, Hawking radiation of apparent horizon in a FRW universe, Class. Quant. Grav. 26 (2009) 155018 [arXiv:0809.1554]
45. T. Banks and W. Fischler, M theory observables for cosmological space-times, hep-th/0102077
46. L. Dyson, J. Lindesay and L. Susskind, Is there really a de Sitter/CFT duality?, JHEP 08 (2002) 045 [hep-th/0202163]
47. L. Susskind, Twenty years of debate with Stephen, hep-th/0204027
48. T. Jacobson and R. Parentani, Horizon entropy, Found. Phys. 33 (2003) 323 [gr-qc/0302099]
49. L. Susskind and J. Lindesay, An introduction to black holes, information and the string theory revolution: the holographic universe, World Scientific, Singapore (2005).
50. R. Bousso, B. Freivogel, S. Leichenauer and V. Rosenhaus, Geometric origin of coincidences and hierarchies in the landscape, Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011) 083517 [arXiv:1012.2869]
51. R. Bousso, Holography in general space-times, JHEP 06 (1999) 028 [hep-th/9906022]
52. R. Bousso, The holographic principle, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74 (2002) 825 [hep-th/0203101]
53. J.D. Bekenstein, Black holes and entropy, Phys. Rev. D 7 (1973) 2333
54. J.D. Bekenstein, Generalized second law of thermodynamics in black hole physics, Phys. Rev. D 9 (1974) 3292
55. S. Hawking, Particle creation by black holes, Commun. Math. Phys. 43 (1975) 199 [Erratum ibid. 46 (1976) 206]
56. V.F. Mukhanov and G. Chibisov, Quantum fluctuation and nonsingular universe (in Russian), JETP Lett. 33 (1981) 532 [Pisma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 33 (1981) 549]
57. S. Hawking, The development of irregularities in a single bubble inflationary universe, Phys. Lett. B 115 (1982) 295
58. A.A. Starobinsky, Dynamics of phase transition in the new inflationary universe scenario and generation of perturbations, Phys. Lett. B 117 (1982) 175
59. A.H. Guth and S. Pi, Fluctuations in the new inflationary universe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 (1982) 1110
60. J.M. Bardeen, P.J. Steinhardt and M.S. Turner, Spontaneous creation of almost scale-free density perturbations in an inflationary universe, Phys. Rev. D 28 (1983) 679
61. S. Hawking, Breakdown of predictability in gravitational collapse, Phys. Rev. D 14 (1976) 2460
62. P.A. Dirac, Forms of relativistic dynamics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 21 (1949) 392
63. S. Weinberg, Dynamics at infinite momentum, Phys. Rev. 150 (1966) 1313
64. M. Burkardt, Light front quantization, Adv. Nucl. Phys. 23 (1996) 1 [hep-ph/9505259]
65. S.J. Brodsky, H.-C. Pauli and S.S. Pinsky, Quantum chromodynamics and other field theories on the light cone, Phys. Rept. 301 (1998) 299 [hep-ph/9705477]
66. T. Heinzl, Light cone dynamics of particles and fields, hep-th/9812190
67. S. Weinberg, The quantum theory of fields volume II, chapter 19, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K. (1996).
68. M. Schlosshauer, Decoherence and the quantum-to-classical transition, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg Germany (2007).
69. S. Weinberg, Cosmology, chapter 10, Oxford University Press, New York U.S.A. (2008).
70. J. Hartle and S. Hawking, Wave function of the universe, Phys. Rev. D 28 (1983) 2960
71. A. Vilenkin, Quantum creation of universes, Phys. Rev. D 30 (1984) 509
72. A. Vilenkin, Boundary conditions in quantum cosmology, Phys. Rev. D 33 (1986) 3560
73. A.D. Linde, Quantum creation of the inflationary universe, Lett. Nuovo Cim. 39 (1984) 401
74. A.D. Linde, Quantum creation of an open inflationary universe, Phys. Rev. D 58 (1998) 083514 [gr-qc/9802038]
75. D.N. Page, Susskind's challenge to the Hartle-Hawking no-boundary proposal and possible resolutions, JCAP 01 (2007) 004 [hep-th/0610199]
76. Y.B. Zel'dovich, Birth of the closed universe and the anthropic principle, Sov. Astron. Lett. 7 (1981) 322.
77. A. Vilenkin, Creation of universes from nothing, Phys. Lett. B 117 (1982) 25
78. H. Everett, Relative state formulation of quantum mechanics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 29 (1957) 454
79. C.M. Caves and R. Schack, Properties of the frequency operator do not imply the quantum probability postulate, Annals Phys. 315 (2005) 123 [quant-ph/0409144].
80. A. Aguirre, M. Tegmark and D. Layzer, Born in an infinite universe: a cosmological interpretation of quantum mechanics, arXiv:1008.1066
81. R. Bousso, B. Freivogel, S. Leichenauer and V. Rosenhaus, Eternal inflation predicts that time will end, Phys. Rev. D 83 (2011) 023525 [arXiv:1009.4698]
82. M. Tegmark, What does inflation really predict?, JCAP 04 (2005) 001 [astro-ph/0410281]
83. A.D. Linde and A. Mezhlumian, Stationary universe, Phys. Lett. B 307 (1993) 25 [gr-qc/9304015]
84. A.D. Linde, D.A. Linde and A. Mezhlumian, From the big bang theory to the theory of a stationary universe, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 1783 [gr-qc/9306035]
85. A. De Simone, A.H. Guth, M.P. Salem and A. Vilenkin, Predicting the cosmological constant with the scale-factor cutoff measure, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 063520 [arXiv:0805.2173]
86. R. Bousso, Holographic probabilities in eternal inflation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 191302 [hep-th/0605263]
87. R. Bousso and I.-S. Yang, Global-local duality in eternal inflation, Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 124024 [arXiv:0904.2386]
88. B. Feldstein, L.J. Hall and T. Watari, Density perturbations and the cosmological constant from inflationary landscapes, Phys. Rev. D 72 (2005) 123506 [hep-th/0506235]
89. J. Garriga and A. Vilenkin, Anthropic prediction for and the Q catastrophe, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 163 (2006) 245 [hep-th/0508005]
90. D.N. Page, The Born rule dies, JCAP 07 (2009) 008 [arXiv:0903.4888]
91. D.N. Page, Is our universe likely to decay within 20 billion years?, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 063535 [hep-th/0610079]
92. R. Bousso and B. Freivogel, A paradox in the global description of the multiverse, JHEP 06 (2007) 018 [hep-th/0610132]
93. J. Garriga, D. Schwartz-Perlov, A. Vilenkin and S. Winitzki, Probabilities in the inflationary multiverse, JCAP 01 (2006) 017 [hep-th/0509184]
94. R. Easther, E.A. Lim and M.R. Martin, Counting pockets with world lines in eternal inflation, JCAP 03 (2006) 016 [astro-ph/0511233]
95. A. De Simone et al., Boltzmann brains and the scale-factor cutoff measure of the multiverse, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 063520 [arXiv:0808.3778]
96. B. Freivogel and M. Lippert, Evidence for a bound on the lifetime of de Sitter space, JHEP 12 (2008) 096 [arXiv:0807.1104]
97. L. Dyson, M. Kleban and L. Susskind, Disturbing implications of a cosmological constant, JHEP 10 (2002) 011 [hep-th/0208013]
98. R. Bousso, B. Freivogel and I.-S. Yang, Eternal inflation: the inside story, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 103516 [hep-th/0606114]
99. R. Bousso, Complementarity in the multiverse, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 123524 [arXiv:0901.4806]
100. T. Banks and N. Seiberg, Symmetries and strings in field theory and gravity, Phys. Rev. D 83 (2011) 084019 [arXiv:1011.5120]
101. M.C. Johnson and I.-S. Yang, Escaping the crunch: gravitational effects in classical transitions, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 065023 [arXiv:1005.3506]
102. S.R. Coleman and F. De Luccia, Gravitational effects on and of vacuum decay, Phys. Rev. D 21 (1980) 3305
103. S. Weinberg, Does gravitation resolve the ambiguity among supersymmetry vacua?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 48 (1982) 1776
104. S. Deser and C. Teitelboim, Supergravity has positive energy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 39 (1977) 249
105. A. Micu, E. Palti and G. Tasinato, Towards Minkowski vacua in type II string compactifications, JHEP 03 (2007) 104 [hep-th/0701173]
106. J.J. Blanco-Pillado, R. Kallosh and A.D. Linde, Supersymmetry and stability of flux vacua, JHEP 05 (2006) 053 [hep-th/0511042]
107. D. Krefl and D. Lüst, On supersymmetric Minkowski vacua in IIB orientifolds, JHEP 06 (2006) 023 [hep-th/0603166]
108. B. Freivogel, G.T. Horowitz and S. Shenker, Colliding with a crunching bubble, JHEP 05 (2007) 090 [hep-th/0703146]
109. S. Weinberg, The quantum theory of fields volume I, chapter 8, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K. (1995).
110. J. Maldacena, Vacuum decay into Anti de Sitter space, arXiv:1012.0274
111. D. Harlow and L. Susskind, Crunches, hats and a conjecture, arXiv:1012.5302
112. B. Freivogel, Y. Sekino, L. Susskind and C.-P. Yeh, A holographic framework for eternal inflation, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 086003 [hep-th/0606204]
113. L. Susskind, The census taker's hat, arXiv:0710.1129
114. Y. Sekino and L. Susskind, Census taking in the hat: FRW/CFT duality, Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 083531 [arXiv:0908.3844]
115. A. Borde, A.H. Guth and A. Vilenkin, Inflationary space-times are incompletein past directions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 151301 [gr-qc/0110012]
116. A. Aguirre, Eternal inflation, past and future, arXiv:0712.0571
117. R. Bousso, B. Freivogel and I.-S. Yang, Boltzmann babies in the proper time measure, Phys. Rev. D 77 (2008) 103514 [arXiv:0712.3324]
118. J. Garriga and A. Vilenkin, Recycling universe, Phys. Rev. D 57 (1998) 2230 [astro-ph/9707292]
119. K.-M. Lee and E.J. Weinberg, Decay of the true vacuum in curved space-time, Phys. Rev. D 36 (1987) 1088
120. L. Susskind and L. Thorlacius, Gedanken experiments involving black holes, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 966 [hep-th/9308100]
121. P. Hayden and J. Preskill, Black holes as mirrors: quantum information in random subsystems, JHEP 09 (2007) 120 [arXiv:0708.4025]
122. Y. Sekino and L. Susskind, Fast scramblers, JHEP 10 (2008) 065 [arXiv:0808.2096]
123. L. Susskind, Addendum to fast scramblers, arXiv:1101.6048