Recurrent ovarian cancer: When and how to treat

Current Oncology Reports

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 459-471

  Hall, Marcia ^a   Rustin, Gordon ^a  

^a MOUNT VERNON CANCER CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antiangiogenesis; CA125; Chemotherapy; Follow up; Hormones; Ovarian carcinoma; PARP inhibitors; Platinum hypersensitivity; Platinum free intervals; Radiotherapy; Surgery; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Indexed keywords

AMG 386; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; CANFOSFAMIDE; CARBOPLATIN; CEDIRANIB; CISPLATIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; FULVESTRANT; GEMCITABINE; INTEDANIB; IRINOTECAN; IXABEPILONE; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; OXALIPLATIN; PACLITAXEL; PAZOPANIB; PEMETREXED; PLACEBO; PLATINUM COMPLEX; SORAFENIB; SUNITINIB; TAMOXIFEN; TOPOTECAN; TRABECTEDIN; TREOSULFAN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANGIOGENESIS; ANTIGEN DETECTION; ANTIGEN FUNCTION; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER RISK; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CONSTIPATION; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; DIARRHEA; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PERFORATION; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TARGETING; EDEMA; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HAND FOOT SYNDROME; HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMAGE ANALYSIS; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LUNG ALVEOLITIS; LUNG DISEASE; MEDICAL EDUCATION; METABOLIC DISORDER; MONOTHERAPY; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NEUTROPENIA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OVARY CANCER; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PROTEINURIA; RASH; RECURRENT CANCER; RISK ASSESSMENT; SIDE EFFECT; THROMBOEMBOLISM; TREATMENT PLANNING; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; WHOLE BODY RADIATION;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS;

EID: 81155152714     PISSN: 15233790     EISSN: 15346269     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-011-0199-3     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. J Menczer A Chetrit S Sadetzki, et al. 2006 Follow-up of ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma: the value of physical examination in patients with pretreatment elevated CA125 levels Gynecol Oncol 103 137 140 16564077 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.02.005 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xps1Wnu7Y%3D (Pubitemid 44389865)
2. KK Chan KF Tam KY Tse HY Ngan 2008 The role of regular physical examination in the detection of ovarian cancer recurrence Gynaecol Oncol 110 158 161 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.04.030 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1cvmsVyqtw%3D%3D
3. EJ Bradley MK Pitts CWE Redman E Calvert 1999 The experience of long-term hospital follow-up for women who have suffered early stage gynecological cancer: a qualitative interview study Int J Gynecol Oncol 9 491 496 10.1046/j.1525-1438.1999.99072.x (Pubitemid 30027554)
4. GJ Rustin AE Nelstrop MK Tuxen HE Lambert 1996 Defining progression of ovarian carcinoma during follow-up according to CA 125: a North Thames Ovary Group Study Ann Oncol 7 361 364 8805927 1:STN:280:DyaK28zpvFCgtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26246787)
5. GJS Rustin M Marples AE Nelstrop, et al. 2001 Use of CA 125 to define progression of ovarian cancer in patients with persistently elevated levels J Clin Oncol 19 4054 4057 11600607 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrlsVShug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32976692)
6. A Prat M Parera B Adamo, et al. 2009 Risk of recurrence during follow-up for optimally treated advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with a low-level increae of serum CA-125 levels Ann Oncol 120 294 297
7. JL Wilder E Pavlik JM Straughn, et al. 2003 Clinical implications of a rising serum CA-125 within the normal range in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer: a preliminary investigation Gynecol Oncol 89 233 235 12713985 10.1016/S0090-8258(03)00051-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjtVKis78%3D (Pubitemid 36457870)
8. GJ Rustin ME van der Burg CL Griffin, et al. 2010 Early versus delayed treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer (MRC OV05/EORTC 55955): a randomised trial Lancet 376 1155 1163 20888993 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61268-8 Seminal trial proving that treating patients with ROC on the basis of their rising CA-125 does NOT alter their overall survival and reduces quality of life
9. A Gadducci L Fuso S Cosio, et al. 2009 Are surveillance procedures of clinical benefit for patients treated for ovarian cancer? a retrospective Italian multicentric study Int J Gynecol Canc 19 367 374 10.1111/IGC. 0b013e3181a1cc02
10. EJ Tanner DS Chi EL Eisenhauer, et al. 2010 Surveillance for the detection of recurrent ovarian cancer: survival impact or lead-time bias? Gynecol Oncol 117 336 340 20153027 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.01.014
11. A Gadducci S Cosio 2009 Surveillance of patients after initial treatment of ovarian cancer Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 71 43 52 19179092 10.1016/j.critrevonc. 2008.12.008
12. FV Coakley PH Choi CA Gougoutas, et al. 2002 Peritoneal metastases: detection with spiral CT in patients with ovarian cancer Radiology 223 495 499 11997559 10.1148/radiol.2232011081 (Pubitemid 34454332)
13. MM Thrall JA DeLoia H Gallion N Avril 2007 Clinical use of combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in recurrent ovarian cancer Gynecol Oncol 105 17 22 17208284 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.10.060 (Pubitemid 46441448)
14. MJ Fulham J Carter A Baldey, et al. 2009 The impact of PET-CT in suspected recurrent ovarian cancer: a prospective multi-centre study as part of the Australian PET Data Collection Project Gynecol Oncol 112 462 468 19150121 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.08.027 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M7mvVyhtQ%3D%3D
15. SA Cannistra 2010 Evaluating new regimens in recurrent ovarian cancer: how much evidence is good enough? J Clin Oncol 28 3101 3106 20516442 10.1200/JCO.2010.29.7077
16. MKB Parmar JA Ledermann N Colombo, et al. 2003 Paclitaxel plus platinum-based chemotherapy versus conventional platinum-based chemotherapy in women with relapsed ovarian cancer: the ICON4/AGO-OVAR-2.2 trial Lancet 361 2099 2106 12826431 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13718-X 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3szhtVGjtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 36782252)
17. J Pfisterer M Plante I Vergote, et al. 2006 Gemcitabine plus carboplatin compared with carboplatin in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: an intergroup trial of the AGO-OVAR, the NCIC CTG, and the EORTC GCG J Clin Oncol 24 4699 4707 16966687 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.0913 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XhtFynsr3O (Pubitemid 46630933)
18. N Issaeva HD Thomas T Djureinovic, et al. 2010 6-thioguanine selectively kills BRCA2-defective tumors and overcomes PARP inhibitor resistance Canc Res 70 6268 6276 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3416 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpsVCntbk%3D
19. M Friedlander P Butow M Stockler, et al. 2009 Symptom control in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer: measuring the benefit of palliative chemotherapy in women with platinum refractory/resistant ovarian cancer Int J Gynaecol Canc 19 Suppl 2 S44 S48 10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181bf7fb8
20. A Gadducci P Iacconi S Cosio, et al. 2000 Complete salvage surgical cytoreduction improves further survival of patients with late recurrent ovarian cancer Gynecol Oncol 79 344 349 11104603 10.1006/gyno.2000.5992 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2Fnt1Cluw%3D%3D
21. RE Bristow I Puri DS Chi 2009 Cytoreductive surgery for recurrent ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis Gynecol Oncol 112 265 274 18937969 10.1016/j.ygyno. 2008.08.033
22. H Oksefjell B Sandstad C Tropé 2009 The role of secondary cytoreduction in the management of the first relapse in epithelial ovarian cancer Ann Oncol 20 286 293 18725390 10.1093/annonc/mdn591 1:STN:280: DC%2BD1M7jtlWjtQ%3D%3D
23. SM Eisenkop RL Friedman NM Spirtos 2000 The role of secondary cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma Cancer 88 144 153 10618617 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000101) 88:1<144::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-X 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2Fos1OmsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30027690)
24. C Scarabelli A Gallo A Carbone 2001 Secondary cytoreductive surgery for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma Gynecol Oncol 83 504 512 11733963 10.1006/gyno.2001.6404 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnovVegtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 33139711)
25. SJ Tebes RA Sayer JM Palmer, et al. 2007 Cytoreductive surgery for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma Gynecol Oncol 106 482 487 17590420 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.04.006 (Pubitemid 47302452)
26. KK Shih DS Chi RR Barakat MM Leitao Jr 2010 Tertiary cytoreduction in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer: an updated series Gynecol Oncol 117 330 335 20189234 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.01.046 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3c3jt1yqsg%3D%3D
27. P Harter A du Bois M Hahmann A Hasenburg A Burges S Loibl M Gropp J Huober D Fink W Schröder K Muenstedt B Schmalfeldt G Emons J Pfisterer K Wollschlaeger HG Meerpohl GP Breitbach B Tanner J Sehouli Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie Ovarian Committee; AGO Ovarian Cancer Study Group 2006 Surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer: the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie (AGO) DESKTOP OVAR trial Ann Surg Oncol 13 1702 1710 17009163 10.1245/s10434-006-9058-0 (Pubitemid 44951480)
28. P Harter M Hahmann HJ Lueck, et al. 2009 Surgery for recurrent ovarian cancer: role of peritoneal carcinomatosis: exploratory analysis of the DESKTOP I trial about risk factors, surgical implications, and prognostic value of peritoneal carcinomatosis Ann Surg Oncol 16 1324 1330 19225844 10.1245/s10434-009-0357-0 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M3lsVSisw%3D%3D Really important piece of work ongoing to elucidate efficacy of surgery in ROC
29. D Gelblum B Mychalczak L Almadrones, et al. 1998 Palliative benefit of external-beam radiation in the management of platinum refractory epithelial ovarian carcinoma Gynecol Oncol 69 36 41 9570996 10.1006/gyno.1998.4934 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3ktVyqsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28201669)
30. S Firat B Erickson 2001 Selective irradiation for the treatment of recurrent ovarian carcinoma involving the vagina or rectum Gynecol Oncol 80 213 220 11161862 10.1006/gyno.2000.6059 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7ktlCjtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32158461)
31. E Choan M Quon V Gallant R Samany 2006 Effective palliative radiotherapy for symptomatic recurrent or residual ovarian cancer Gynecol Oncol 102 204 209 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.11.047 (Pubitemid 44056257)
32. G De Meerleer K Vandecasteele P Ost, et al. 2011 Whole abdominopelvic radiotherapy using intensity-modulated arc therapy in the palliative treatment of chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer with bulky peritoneal disease: a single-institution experience Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 79 775 781 20421155 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.11.039
33. Hall M, Ulahannan D, Shreeves G, et al. How much benefit is obtained from therapy for relapsed ovarian cancer (ROC)? impact of initial stage, age and medical advances. ESGO. 2011:Abstract 101.
34. G Blackledge F Lawton C Redman K Kelly 1989 Response of patients in phase II studies of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer: implications for patient treatment and the design of phase II trials Br J Canc 59 650 653 10.1038/bjc.1989.132 1:STN:280:DyaL1M3ivV2jsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 19111764)
35. M Markman J Markman K Webster, et al. 2004 Duration of response to second-line, platinum-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: implications for patient management and clinical trial design J Clin Oncol 22 3120 3125 15284263 10.1200/JCO.2004.05.195 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXpsVGrs74%3D (Pubitemid 41103725)
36. E Pujade-Lauraine D Paraiso H Cure, et al. 2002 Predicting the effectiveness of chemotherapy (CX) in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC): a GINECO study (abstract 829) Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 208a 21
37. JS Tanguay J Ansari L Buckley I Fernando 2009 Epithelial ovarian cancer: role of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in prolonging the platinum-free interval and cancer antigen 125 trends during treatment Int J Gynecol Oncol 19 361 366 10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181a1c7aa 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MzhtlOjuw%3D%3D
38. N Colombo 2011 Efficacy of trabectidin in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer: new data from the randomised OVA-301 study Int J Gynecol Oncol 21 S12 S16 10.1097/IGC.0b013e318217b321
39. J Kavanagh D Tresukosol C Edwards, et al. 1995 Carboplatin reinduction after taxane in patients with platinum-refractory epithelial ovarian cancer J Clin Oncol 13 1584 1588 7602347 1:STN:280:DyaK2MzisFyktg%3D%3D
40. CS Bryant S Kumar W Spannuth, et al. 2011 Feasibility of extension of platinum-free interval with weekly bolus topotecan and subsequent platinum retreatment outcomes in recurrent ovarian cancer Arch Gynecol Obstet 283 361 367 20383771 10.1007/s00404-010-1462-9
41. HT See RS Freedman AP Kudelka, et al. 2005 Retrospective review: retreatment of patients with ovarian cancer with carboplatin after platinum resistance Int J Gynecol Canc 15 209 216 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.15205.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M7ptVyisg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40396954)
42. BJ Monk TJ Herzog S Kaye, et al. 2010 Trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent ovarian cancer J Clin Oncol 28 3107 3114 20516432 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.4037 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpslajt7k%3D
43. A Poveda I Vergote S Tjulandin, et al. 2011 Trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in relapsed ovarian cancer: outcomes in the partially platinum-sensitive (platinum-free interval 6-12 months) subpopulation of OVA-301 phase III randomized trial Ann Oncol 22 39 48 20643862 1:STN:280: DC%2BC3M%2FkvFKlsw%3D%3D
44. I Vergote N Finkler J Hall, et al. 2010 Randomized phase III study of canfosfamide in combination with Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD) as compared to PLD alone in platinum resistant ovarian cancer Int J Gynecol Canc 20 5 772 780 10.1111/IGC.0b013e3181daaf59
45. R Sharma J Graham H Mitchell, et al. 2010 Extended weekly dose-dense paclitaxel/carboplatin is feasible and active in heavily pre-treated platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer Br J Canc 100 707 712 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604914
46. RD Baird DS Tan SB Kaye 2010 Weekly paclitaxel in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer Nat Rev Clin Oncol 7 575 582 20683437 10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.120 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1ajt7jI
47. PG Rose BJ Monk D Provencher, et al. 2011 An open-label, single-arm phase II study of intravenous weekly (days 1 and 8) topotecan in combination with carboplatin (day 1) every 21 days as second-line therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer Gynecol Oncol 120 38 42 21055798 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.10.011 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFWqtb3N
48. E Syrigou N Makriilia I Koti, et al. 2009 Hypersensitivity reactions to antineoplastic agents: an overview Anti Canc Drug 20 1 6 10.1097/CAD. 0b013e32831961b3 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhvVajsA%3D%3D
49. M Markman J Moon S Wilczynski, et al. 2010 Single agent carboplatin versus carboplatin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent ovarian cancer: final survival results of a SWOG (S0200) phase 3 randomized trial Gynecol Oncol 116 323 325 20044128 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.11.026 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhs1artLc%3D
50. F Joly I Ray-Coquard M Fabbro, et al. 2011 Decreased hypersensitivity reactions with carboplatin-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin compared to carboplatin-paclitaxel combination: analysis from the GCIG CALYPSO relapsing ovarian cancer trial Gynecol Oncol 122 226 232 21575983 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.04. 019 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXovFOht7k%3D
51. CW Lee UA Matulonis MC Castells 2005 Rapid inpatient/outpatient desensitization for chemotherapy hypersensitivity: standard protocol effective in 57 patients for 255 courses Gynecol Oncol 99 393 399 16054201 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.06.028 (Pubitemid 41502850)
52. Williams CJ, Simera I, Bryant A. Tamoxifen for relapse of ovarian cancer (review) Cochrane Database. 2010.
53. SG Thomas P Judson L Carson, et al. 2008 Phase II trial of fulvestrant in the treatment of recurrent ovarian carcinoma Gynecol Oncol 111 373 386 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.07.063
54. C Krasner 2007 Review of aromatase inhibitors in gynecologic cancers J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 106 76 80 17826626 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.05.026 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVWitbbI (Pubitemid 47362641)
55. RA Eeles S Tan E Wiltshaw, et al. 1991 Hormone replacement therapy and survival after surgery for ovarian cancer BMJ 302 259 262 1998789 10.1136/bmj.302.6771.259 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7lt1ehuw%3D%3D
56. L Paskeviciute H Roed S Engelholm 2001 No rules without exception: long-term complete remission observed in a study using a LH-RH agonist in platinum-refractory ovarian cancer Gynecol Oncol 86 297 301 10.1006/gyno.2002. 6778 (Pubitemid 35425525)
57. G Kumaran G Jayson A Clamp 2009 Antiangiogenic drugs in ovarian cancer Br J Canc 100 1 7 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604767 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjt1SgsQ%3D%3D
58. R Burger M Sill B Monk, et al. 2007 Phase II trial of bevacizumab in persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer or primary peritoneal cancer: a gynecologic oncology group study J Clin Oncol 25 5165 5171 18024863 10.1200/JCO.2007.11.5345 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVKnsb%2FE (Pubitemid 350237599)
59. Cannistra S, Matulonis U, Penson R, et al. Phase II study of bevacizumab in patients with platinum- resistant ovarian cancer or peritoneal serous cancer. J Clin Oncol;25:5180-6.
60. E Han B Monk 2007 What is the risk of bowel perforation associated with bevacizumab therapy in ovarian cancer? Gynecol Oncol 105 3 6 17383545 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.01.038 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjsVemsbs%3D (Pubitemid 46441477)
61. D Wright A Secord T Numnum, et al. 2008 A multi-institutional evaluation of factors predictive of toxicity and efficacy of bevacizumab for recurrent ovarian cancer Int J Gynecol Oncol 18 3 400 406 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01027.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1czhtlWiug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 351668295)
62. X Cheng J Moroney C Levenback, et al. 2009 What is the benefit of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in patients with recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal malignancies? J Chemother 21 5 566 572 19933049 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFCjsL8%3D
63. D Matei MW Sill K DeGeest, et al. 2008 Phase II trial of sorafenib in persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) or primary peritoneal cancer (PPC): a gynecologic oncology group (GOG) study J Clin Oncol 26 Abstract 5537
64. Biagi J, Oza A, Chalchal H, et al. A phase II study of sunitinib in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma: an NCIC clinical trials group study. Ann Oncol. 2010. Epub ahead of print.
65. J Ledermann G Rustin A Hackshaw, et al. 2009 A randomized phase II placebo-controlled trial using maintenance therapy to evaluate the vascular targeting agent BIBF 1120 following treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer J Clin Oncol 27 15s 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.7695 suppl; abstr 5501
66. M Friedlander K Benigno B Rischin, et al. 2008 Pazopanib (GW786034) is active in women with advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancers: results of a phase 2 study Ann Oncol 19 211 6 abstr 6630
67. RS Kerbel BA Kamen 2004 The anti-angiogenic basis of metronomic chemotherapy Nat Rev Canc 4 423 436 10.1038/nrc1369 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXksVaisbk%3D Excellent review of metronomic theory (Pubitemid 38745528)
68. ML Slevin PI Clark SP Joel, et al. 1989 A randomized trial to evaluate the effect of schedule on the activity of etoposide in small-cell lung cancer J Clin Oncol 7 1333 1340 2549204 1:STN:280:DyaL1MzmtFGluw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 19220137)
69. M Colleoni A Rocca T Sandri, et al. 2000 Low dose oral methotrexate and cyclophosphamide in meta- static breast cancer: antitumor activity and correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor levels Ann Oncol 13 73 80 10.1093/annonc/mdf013 (Pubitemid 34436728)
70. • Aghajanian C, Finkler NJ, Rutherford T, Smith DA, Yi J, Parmar H, Nycum LR, Sovak MA. OCEANS: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011;ASCO. Good evidence of efficacy of bevacizumab (VEGF inhibition) in ROC.
71. Chura JC, Van Iseghem K, Downs LS Jr, et al. Bevacizumab plus cyclophosphamide in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynaecol Oncol. 2007:326-30. (Pubitemid 47575735)
72. AA Garcia H Hirte G Fleming, et al. 2008 Phase II clinical trial of bevacizumab and low-dose metronomic oral cyclophosphamide in recurrent ovarian cancer: a trial of the California, Chicago, and Princess Margaret Hospital phase II consortia J Clin Oncol 26 76 82 18165643 10.1200/JCO.2007.12.1939 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVCrsLc%3D
73. Hall M, GJS. R. A retrospective review of low dose oral cyclophosphamide alone and in combination with tamoxifen and prophylactic warfarin in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer. IJGC. 2010.
74. VM Chung C Ruel M Cristea, et al. 2008 Randomised pilot trial of oral cyclophosphamide versus oral cyclophosphamide with celecoxib for recurrent or persistent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer preliminary data J Clin Oncol 26 abstr 16555
75. N Azad E Posadas V Kwitkowski, et al. 2008 Combination targeted therapy with sorafenib and bevacizumab results in enhanced toxicity and antitumor activity J Clin Oncol 26 3709 3714 18669456 10.1200/JCO.2007.10.8332 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVGjs73J
76. R Naumann J Symanowski S Ghamande 2010 PRECEDENT: a randomized phase II trial comparing EC145 and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in combination, versus PLD alone, in subjects with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer J Clin Oncol 28 18s suppl; abstr LBA5012b
77. RJ Schilder MW Sill X Chen, et al. 2005 Phase II study of gefitinib in patients with relapsed or persistent ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma and evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and immunohistochemical expression: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study Clin Canc Res 11 5539 5548 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-0462 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvFSmurg%3D (Pubitemid 41060831)
78. P Gottipati B Vischioni N Schultz, et al. 2010 Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase is hyperactivated in homologous recombination-defective cells Canc Res 70 5389 5398 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-4716 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXot1Wksrs%3D
79. N Turner A Tutt A Ashworth 2004 Hallmarks of 'BRCAness' in sporadic cancers Nat Rev Canc 4 814 819 10.1038/nrc1457 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXos1ymu7g%3D (Pubitemid 39331153)
80. KA Gelmon HW Hirte A Robidoux, et al. 2010 Can we define tumors that will respond to PARP inhibitors? a phase II correlative study of olaparib in advanced serous ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer J Clin Oncol 28 Abstract:3002
81. MW Audeh J Carmichael RT Penson, et al. 2010 Oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and recurrent ovarian cancer: a proof-of-concept trial Lancet 376 245 251 20609468 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60893-8 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpt1Kktb4%3D Very exciting new group of agents for ROC
82. • Ledermann JA, Harter P, Gourley C, et al. Phase II randomised placebo controlled study of olaparib (AZD2281) in patients with platinum-sensitivie relapsed serous ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2011. Equally important initial trial showing that PARPi therapy is applicable to ROC patients without BRCA germline mutations.
83. PC Fong TA Yap DS Boss, et al. 2010 Poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibition: frequent durable responses in BRCA carrier ovarian cancer correlating with platinum-free interval J Clin Oncol 28 2512 2519 20406929 10.1200/JCO.2009.26.9589 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXotVyjtr4%3D
84. S Banerjee SB Kaye A Ashworth 2010 Medscape. Making the best of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer Nat Rev Clin Oncol 7 508 519 20700108 10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.116 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVyjsr%2FM
85. AJ Gonzalez-Martinez E Calvo I Bover, et al. 2005 Randomized phase II trial of carboplatin versus paclitaxel and carboplatin in platinum-sensitive recurrent advanced ovarian carcinoma: a GEICO (Grupo Espanol de Investigacion en Cancer de Ovario) study Ann Oncol 16 749 755 10.1093/annonc/mdi147 (Pubitemid 40767095)
86. E Pujade-Lauraine U Wagner E Aavall-Lundqvist, et al. 2010 Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and carboplatin compared with paclitaxel and carboplatin for patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer in late relapse J Clin Oncol 28 3323 3329 20498395 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.7519 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVajurrL
87. HG Strauss A Henze A Teichmann, et al. 2007 Phase II trial of docetaxel and carboplatin in recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian, peritoneal and tubal cancer Gynecol Oncol 104 612 616 17069876 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.09.023 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXitFOgsb4%3D (Pubitemid 46240247)
88. D Koensgen D Stengel A Belau, et al. 2008 Topotecan and carboplatin in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Results of a multicenter NOGGO: phase I/II study Canc Chemother Pharmacol 62 393 400 10.1007/s00280-007-0617-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnt1equ7s%3D (Pubitemid 351871797)
89. ME Burg A van der Gaast I Vergote, et al. 2005 What is the role of dose-dense therapy? Int J Gynecol Oncol 15 233 240 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005. 00432.x (Pubitemid 43096589)
90. UA Matulonis NS Horowitz SM Campos, et al. 2008 Phase II study of carboplatin and pemetrexed for the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer J Clin Oncol 26 5761 5766 19001330 10.1200/JCO.2008.17.0282 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXotFemuw%3D%3D
91. J Sehouli D Stengel G Oskay-Oezcelik, et al. 2008 Nonplatinum topotecan combinations versus topotecan alone for recurrent ovarian cancer: results of a phase III study of the north-eastern german society of gynecological oncology ovarian cancer study group J Clin Oncol 26 3176 3182 18591555 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.1258 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXptlKgtLg%3D
92. MR Mirza B Lund JC Lindegaard, et al. 2010 A phase II study of combination chemotherapy in early relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer using gemcitabine and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin Gynecol Oncol 119 26 31 20638711 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.06.022 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFClsbjJ
93. KM Zanotti JL Belinson AW Kennedy, et al. 2000 Treatment of relapsed carcinoma of the ovary with single-agent paclitaxel following exposure to paclitaxel and platinum employed as initial therapy Gynecol Oncol 79 211 215 11063646 10.1006/gyno.2000.5958 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnslGjtLs%3D
94. AN Gordon JT Fleagle D Guthrie, et al. 2001 Recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a randomized phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus topotecan J Clin Oncol 19 3312 3322 11454878 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXlvVamsr8%3D (Pubitemid 32642183)
95. J Sehouli D Stengel P Harter, et al. 2010 Topotecan weekly versus conventional 5-day schedule in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: a randomised multi-centre phase II trial of the North-Eastern German Society of Gynecological nocology Ovarian Cancer Study Group J Clin Oncol 29 242 248 21115872 10.1200/JCO.2009.27.8911
96. G Ferrandina M Ludovisi D Lorusso, et al. 2008 Phase III trial of gemcitabine compared with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in progressive or recurrent ovarian cancer J Clin Oncol 26 890 896 18281662 10.1200/JCO.2007.13. 6606 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtFelsbY%3D (Pubitemid 351398081)
97. G d'Agostino F Amant P Berteloot, et al. 2003 Phase II study of gemcitabine in recurrent platinum and paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer Gynecol Oncol 88 266 269 12648573 10.1016/S0090-8258(03)00011-8 (Pubitemid 36331977)
98. M Piccart J Green A Lacave, et al. 2000 Oxaliplatin or paclitaxel in patients with platinum-pretreated advanced ovarian cancer: a randomised phase II study of the EORTC gynaecological group J Clin Oncol 18 1193 1202 10715288 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXit12lt7g%3D (Pubitemid 30159836)
99. P Rose J Blessing H Ball, et al. 2003 A phase II study of docetaxel in platinum resistant ovarian and peritoneal carcinoma: a GOG study Gynecol Oncol 88 130 135 12586591 10.1016/S0090-8258(02)00091-4 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVCjtro%3D (Pubitemid 36263370)
100. C Sessa FD Braud A Perotti, et al. 2005 Trabectedin for women with ovarian carcinoma after treatment with platinum and taxane fails J Clin Oncol 23 1867 1874 15774779 10.1200/JCO.2005.09.032 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjt1Ckurc%3D (Pubitemid 46211364)
101. D Miller J Blessing C Krasner, et al. 2009 Phase II evaluation of pemetrexed in the treatment of recurrent or persistent platinum-resistant ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma: a GOG study J Clin Oncol 27 2686 2691 19332726 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.2963 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnslWitLw%3D
102. KD Geest J Blessing R Morris, et al. 2010 Phase II clinical trial of ixabepilone in patients with recurrent or persistant platinum and taxane resistant ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer: a GOG study J Clin Oncol 28 149 153 19917861 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.1455
103. Coleman R, Brady W, McMeekin D, et al. A phase II evaluation of nanoparticular, albumin-bound (NAB) paclitaxel in the treatment of recurrent or persistent platinum-resistant ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer: a GOG study. Gyn Oncol. 2011.
104. M Seymour J Mansi C Gallagher, et al. 1994 Protracted oral etoposide in epithelial ovarian cancer: a phase II study in patients with relapsed or platinum-resistant disease Br J Canc 69 191 195 10.1038/bjc.1994.33 1:STN:280:DyaK2c7hsVentA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24021847)
105. S Alici P Saip Y Eralp, et al. 2003 Oral etoposide in platinum resistant epithelial ovarian cancer Am J Clin Oncol 26 358 362 12902885 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmt1Shsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 36962077)
106. Y Watanabe T Etoh E Koike, et al. 2010 Feasibility study of oral cyclophosphamide salvage therapy for the treatment of heavily pretreated patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer Int J Gynecol Oncol 15 468 471 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1Kru7vO
107. GJ Rustin AE Nelstrop M Crawford, et al. 1997 Phase II trial of oral altretamine for relapsed ovarian carcinoma: evaluation of defining response by serum CA125 J Clin Oncol 15 172 176 8996139 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXnsV2ntg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27020570)
108. W Meier AD Bois A Reuss, et al. 2009 Topotecan versus treosulfan, an alkylating agent, in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and relapse within 12 months following first line platinum/paclitaxel chemotherapy. A prospectively randomised phase III trial by the AGO ovarian cancer study group Gynecol Oncol 114 199 205 19446314 10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.04.026 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnslyqtr4%3D