Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity is a risk marker of Parkinson's disease: Yes

Journal of Neural Transmission

Volumn 118, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 613-619

  Berg, Daniela ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Early diagnosis; Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra; Risk factor for Parkinson's disease; Transcranial sonography

Indexed keywords

DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; ECHOGRAPHY; HUMAN; NOTE; PARKINSON DISEASE; STANDARD; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; DISEASE COURSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; TRANSCRANIAL SONOGRAPHY;

HUMANS; PARKINSON DISEASE; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, TRANSCRANIAL; DISEASE PROGRESSION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 80755173479     PISSN: 03009564     EISSN: 14351463     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0565-6     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Abbott RD, Ross GW, White LR, Sanderson WT, Burchfiel CM, Kashon M, Sharp DS, Masaki KH, Curb JD, Petrovitch H (2003) Environmental, life-style, and physical precursors of clinical Parkinson's disease: recent findings from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. J Neurol 250(Suppl 3):30-39 (Pubitemid 37297084)
2. Baumer T, Pramstaller PP, Siebner HR, Schippling S, Hagenah J, Peller M, Gerloff C, Klein C, Munchau A (2007) Sensorimotor integration is abnormal in asymptomatic Parkin mutation carriers: a TMS study. Neurology 69:1976-1981 (Pubitemid 350145089)
3. Becker G, Seufert J, Bogdahn U, Reichmann H, Reiners K (1995) Degeneration of substantia nigra in chronic Parkinson's disease visualized by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography. Neurology 45:182-184
4. Becker G, Muller A, Braune S, Buttner T, Benecke R, Greulich W, Klein W, Mark G, Rieke J, Thumler R (2002) Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 249(Suppl 3):40-48
5. Behnke S, Double KL, Duma S, Broe GA, Guenther V, Becker G, Halliday GM (2007) Substantia nigra echomorphology in the healthy very old: correlation with motor slowing. Neuroimage 34:1054-1059 (Pubitemid 46075195)
6. Berg D (2006a) In vivo detection of iron and neuromelanin by transcranial sonography - a new approach for early detection of substantia nigra damage. J Neural Transm 113:775-780
7. Berg D (2006b) Marker for a preclinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease as a basis for neuroprotection. J Neural Transm Suppl 71:123-132
8. Berg D (2010) Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra: pitfalls in assessment and specificity for Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm [Epub ahead of print]
9. Berg D, Becker G, Zeiler B, Tucha O, Hofmann E, Preier M, Benz P, Jost W, Reiners K, Lange KW (1999a) Vulnerability of the nigrostriatal system as detected by transcranial ultrasound. Neurology 53:1026-1031 (Pubitemid 29442119)
10. Berg D, Grote C, Rausch WD, Maurer M, Wesemann W, Riederer P, Becker G (1999b) Iron accumulation in the substantia nigra in rats visualized by ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol 25:901-904 (Pubitemid 29325763)
11. Berg D, Jabs B, Merschdorf U, Beckmann H, Becker G (2001a) Echogenicity of substantia nigra determined by transcranial ultrasound correlates with severity of parkinsonian symptoms induced by neuroleptic therapy. Biol Psychiatry 50:463-467 (Pubitemid 32885597)
12. Berg D, Siefker C, Becker G (2001b) Echogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease and its relation to clinical findings. J Neurol 248:684-689 (Pubitemid 32695865)
13. Berg D, Roggendorf W, Schroder U, Klein R, Tatschner T, Benz P, Tucha O, Preier M, Lange KW, Reiners K, Gerlach M, Becker G (2002) Echogenicity of the substantia nigra: association with increased iron content and marker for susceptibility to nigrostriatal injury. Arch Neurol 59:999-1005 (Pubitemid 34640761)
14. Berg D, Merz B, Reiners K, Naumann M, Becker G (2005a) Five-year follow-up study of hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 20:383-385 (Pubitemid 40613305)
15. Berg D, Schweitzer K, Leitner P, Zimprich A, Lichtner P, Belcredi P, Brussel T, Schulte C, Maass S, Nagele T (2005b) Type and frequency of mutations in the LRRK2 gene in familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Brain 128:3000-3011
16. Berg D, Hochstrasser H, Schweitzer KJ, Riess O (2006) Disturbance of iron metabolism in Parkinson's disease - ultrasonography as a biomarker. Neurotox Res 9:1-13
17. Berg D, Godau J, Walter U (2008) Transcranial sonography in movement disorders. Lancet Neurol 7:1044-1055
18. Berg D, Godau J, Riederer P, Gerlach M, Arzberger T (2010) Microglia activation is related to substantia nigra echogenicity. J Neural Transm 117(11):1287-1292
19. Binkofski F, Reetz K, Gaser C, Hilker R, Hagenah J, Hedrich K, van Eimeren T, Thiel A, Buchel C, Pramstaller PP, Siebner HR, Klein C (2007) Morphometric fingerprint of asymptomatic Parkin and PINK1 mutation carriers in the basal ganglia. Neurology 69:842-850 (Pubitemid 47329583)
20. Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rub U, de Vos RA, Jansen Steur EN, Braak E (2003) Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 24:197-211 (Pubitemid 36007810)
21. Brockmann K, Hagenah J (2010) TCS in monogenic forms of Parkinson's disease. Int Rev Neurobiol 90:157-164
22. Brueggemann N, Odin P, Gruenewald A, Tadic V, Hagenah J, Seidel G, Lohmann K, Klein C, Djarmati A (2008) Re: Alpha-synuclein gene duplication is present in sporadic Parkinson disease. Neurology 71:1294 (author reply 1294)
23. Budisic M, Trkanjec Z, Bosnjak J, Lovrencic-Huzjan A, Vukovic V, Demarin V (2009) Distinguishing Parkinson's disease and essential tremor with transcranial sonography. Acta Neurol Scand 119:17-21
24. Buhmann C, Binkofski F, Klein C, Buchel C, van Eimeren T, Erdmann C, Hedrich K, Kasten M, Hagenah J, Deuschl G, Pramstaller PP, Siebner HR (2005) Motor reorganization in asymptomatic carriers of a single mutant Parkin allele: a human model for presymptomatic parkinsonism. Brain 128:2281-2290 (Pubitemid 41407968)
25. de Lau LM, Koudstaal PJ, Hofman A, Breteler MM (2006) Subjective complaints precede Parkinson disease: the Rotterdam study. Arch Neurol 63:362-365
26. Fearnley JM, Lees AJ (1991) Ageing and Parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity. Brain 114(Pt 5):2283-2301
27. Gaenslen A, Unmuth B, Godau J, Liepelt I, Di Santo A, Schweitzer KJ, Gasser T, Machulla HJ, Reimold M, Marek K, Berg D (2008) The specificity and sensitivity of transcranial ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: a prospective blinded study. Lancet Neurol 7:417-424
28. Gaig C, Tolosa E (2009) When does Parkinson's disease begin? Mov Disord 24(Suppl 2):S656-S664
29. Haehner A, Hummel T, Hummel C, Sommer U, Junghanns S, Reichmann H (2007) Olfactory loss may be a first sign of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 22:839-842 (Pubitemid 46800106)
30. Hagenah JM, Konig IR, Becker B, Hilker R, Kasten M, Hedrich K, Pramstaller PP, Klein C, Seidel G (2007) Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity correlates with clinical status and number of Parkin mutated alleles. J Neurol 254:1407-1413 (Pubitemid 350112333)
31. Hagenah JM, Becker B, Bruggemann N, Djarmati A, Lohmann K, Sprenger A, Klein C, Seidel G (2008) Transcranial sonography findings in a large family with homozygous and heterozygous PINK1 mutations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:1071-1074
32. Hedrich K, Winkler S, Hagenah J, Kabakci K, Kasten M, Schwinger E, Volkmann J, Pramstaller PP, Kostic V, Vieregge P, Klein C (2006) Recurrent LRRK2 (Park8) mutations in early-onset Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 21:1506-1510 (Pubitemid 44613312)
33. Hornykiewicz O, Kish SJ (1987) Biochemical pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 45:19-34
34. Huang YW, Jeng JS, Tsai CF, Chen LL, Wu RM (2007) Transcranial imaging of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in a Taiwanese cohort of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 22:550-555
35. Iranzo A, Molinuevo JL, Santamaria J, Serradell M, Marti MJ, Valldeoriola F, Tolosa E (2006) Rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder as an early marker for a neurodegenerative disorder: a descriptive study. Lancet Neurol 5:572-577 (Pubitemid 43867426)
36. Kim JY, Kim ST, Jeon SH, Lee WY (2007) Midbrain transcranial sonography in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 22:1922-1926
37. Kolevski G, Petrov I, Petrova V (2007) Transcranial sonography in the evaluation of Parkinson disease. J Ultrasound Med 26:509-512 (Pubitemid 46542948)
38. Lees AJ, Hardy J, Revesz T (2009) Parkinson's disease. Lancet 373:2055-2066
39. Liepelt I, Wendt A, Schweitzer KJ, Wolf B, Godau J, Gaenslen A, Bruessel T, Berg D (2008) Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity assessed by transcranial sonography is related to neuropsychological impairment in the elderly population. J Neural Transm 115:993-999
40. Liepelt I, Behnke S, Schweitzer K, Wolf B, Godau J, Wollenweber F, Dillmann U, Gaenslen A, Di Santo A, Maetzler W, Berg D (2009) Pre-motor signs of PD are r elated to SN hyperechogenicity assessed by TCS in an elderly population. Neurobiol Aging [Epub ahead of print]
41. Marder K, Tang MX, Mejia H, Alfaro B, Cote L, Louis E, Groves J, Mayeux R (1996) Risk of Parkinson's disease among first-degree relatives: a community-based study. Neurology 47:155-160 (Pubitemid 26243877)
42. Mijajlovic M, Dragasevic N, Stefanova E, Petrovic I, Svetel M, Kostic VS (2008) Transcranial sonography in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2. J Neurol 255:1164-1167
43. Okawa M, Miwa H, Kajimoto Y, Hama K, Morita S, Nakanishi I, Kondo T (2007) Transcranial sonography of the substantia nigra in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease or atypical parkinsonism: clinical potential and limitations. Intern Med 46:1527-1531 (Pubitemid 47521048)
44. Ressner P, Skoloudik D, Hlustik P, Kanovsky P (2007) Hyper echogenicity of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroimaging 17:164-167 (Pubitemid 46624157)
45. Riederer P, Wuketich S (1976) Time course of nigrostriatal degeneration in Parkinson's disease. A detailed study of influential factors in human brain amine analysis. J Neural Transm 38:277-301
46. Ruprecht-Dorfler P, Berg D, Tucha O, Benz P, Meier-Meitinger M, Alders GL, Lange KW, Becker G (2003) Echogenicity of the substantia nigra in relatives of patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage 18:416-422 (Pubitemid 36269151)
47. Schweitzer KJ, Behnke S, Liepelt I, Wolf B, Grosser C, Godau J, Gaenslen A, Bruessel T, Wendt A, Abel F, Muller A, Gasser T, Berg D (2007a) Cross-sectional study discloses a positive family history for Parkinson's disease and male gender as epidemiological risk factors for substantia nigra hyperechogenicity. J Neural Transm 114:1167-1171 (Pubitemid 47313169)
48. Schweitzer KJ, Brussel T, Leitner P, Kruger R, Bauer P, Woitalla D, Tomiuk J, Gasser T, Berg D (2007b) Transcranial ultrasound in different monogenetic subtypes of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 254:613-616 (Pubitemid 46781971)
49. Semchuk KM, Love EJ, Lee RG (1993) Parkinson's disease: a test of the multifactorial etiologic hypothesis. Neurology 43:1173-1180 (Pubitemid 23177719)
50. Spiegel J, Hellwig D, Mollers MO, Behnke S, Jost W, Fassbender K, Samnick S, Dillmann U, Becker G, Kirsch CM (2006) Transcranial sonography and [123I] FP-CIT SPECT disclose complementary aspects of Parkinson's disease. Brain 129:1188-1193
51. Stockner H, Iranzo A, Seppi K, Serradell M, Gschliesser V, Sojer M, Valldeoriola F, Molinuevo JL, Frauscher B, Schmidauer C, Santamaria J, Hogl B, Tolosa E, Poewe W (2009) Midbrain hyperechogenicity in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord 24:1906-1909
52. Tolosa E, Compta Y, Gaig C (2007) The premotor phase of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 13(Suppl):S2-S7 (Pubitemid 47444539)
53. Tsai CF, Wu RM, Huang YW, Chen LL, Yip PK, Jeng JS (2007) Transcranial color-coded sonography helps differentiation between idiopathic Parkinson's disease and vascular parkinsonism. J Neurol 254:501-507
54. Unger MM, Moller JC, Ohletz T, Stiasny-Kolster K, Oertel WH, Mayer G (2009) Transcranial midbrain sonography in narcoleptic subjects with and without concomitant REM sleep behaviour disorder. J Neurol 256:874-877
55. van de Loo S, Walter U, Behnke S, Hagenah J, Lorenz M, Sitzer M, Hilker R, Berg D (2010) Reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra sonography for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 81(10):1087-1092
56. Vlaar AM, Bouwmans A, Mess WH, Tromp SC, Weber WE (2009) Transcranial duplex in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes: a systematic review. J Neurol 256:530-538
57. Walter U, Wittstock M, Benecke R, Dressler D (2002) Substantia nigra echogenicity is normal in non-extrapyramidal cerebral disorders but increased in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm 109:191-196 (Pubitemid 34185665)
58. Walter U, Klein C, Hilker R, Benecke R, Pramstaller PP, Dressler D (2004) Brain parenchyma sonography detects preclinical parkinsonism. Mov Disord 19:1445-1449 (Pubitemid 40104051)
59. Walter U, Behnke S, Eyding J, Niehaus L, Postert T, Seidel G, Berg D (2007a) Transcranial brain parenchyma sonography in movement disorders: state of the art. Ultrasound Med Biol 33:15-25 (Pubitemid 44959319)
60. Walter U, Hoeppner J, Prudente-Morrissey L, Horowski S, Herpertz SC, Benecke R (2007b) Parkinson's disease-like midbrain sonography abnormalities are frequent in depressive disorders. Brain 130:1799-1807 (Pubitemid 47343787)
61. Weise D, Lorenz R, Schliesser M, Schirbel A, Reiners K, Classen J (2009) Substantia nigra echogenicity: a structural correlate of functional impairment of the dopaminergic striatal projection in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 24:1669-1675
62. Zecca L, Berg D, Arzberger T, Ruprecht P, Rausch WD, Musicco M, Tampellini D, Riederer P, Gerlach M, Becker G (2005) In vivo detection of iron and neuromelanin by transcranial sonography: a new approach for early detection of substantia nigra damage. Mov Disord 20:1278-1285 (Pubitemid 41645902)