The global threat of emergent/re-emergent vector-borne diseases

Vector Biology, Ecology and Control

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 39-62

  Gubler, Duane J ^a,b  

^a DUKE NUS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Singapore)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

Dengue; Globalization; Lyme disease; Mosquitoes; Plague; Ticks; Urbanization; Vector borne diseases; West Nile; Yellow fever

Indexed keywords

EID: 80755150450     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2458-9_4     Document Type: Chapter

References (74)

1. Asnis DS, Asnis DS, Conetta R, Texiera AA, Waldman G, Sampson BA. 2000. The West Nile virus outbreak of 1999 in New York: The Flushing Hospital experience. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30(3): 413-418.
2. Brault AC, Langevin SA, Bowen RA, Panella NA, Biggerstaff BJ, MillerB R, Komar N. 2004. Differential virulence of West Nile strains for American crows. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10(12):2161-2168.
3. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2000. Fatal yellow fever in a traveler returning from Venezuela, 1999. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 49(14):303-305.
4. CDC. 2006. Reported cases of Lyme disease by year, United States, 1991-2005, http://www.cdc. gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/ld-UpClimbLymeDis.htm (accessed November 15, 2007).
5. CDC. 2007. West Nile virus maps and data, http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ dvbid/westnile/surv&control.htm (accessed November 15, 2007).
6. Campbell G, Marfin AA, Lanciotti RS, Gubler DJ. 2002. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2(9):519-529.
7. Carey DE, Causey OR, Reddy S, Cooke AR. 1971. Dengue viruses from febrile patients in Nigeria, 1964-1968. Lancet 1(7690):105-106.
8. DownsWG, Shope RE. 1974. The Apparent Barrier to the Extension of Yellow Fever to East Africa and Asia.,World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, VIR/RC.74.45 (Arbo).
9. Drosten C, Genther S, Preiser W, Van der Werf S, Brodt HR, Becker S, Rabenau H, Panning M, Kolesnikova ML, Fouchier RA, Berger A, Burguire AM, Cinatl J, Eickmann M, Escriou N, Grywna K, Kramme S, Manuguerra JC, Mller S, Rickerts V, Strmer M, Vieth S, Klenk HD, Osterhaus AD, Schmitz H, Doerr HW. 2003. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 348(20):1967-1976.
10. Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusteria N, Bakken JS. 2007. Ehrlichioses in humans: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45(Suppl 1):S45-S51.
11. Fritz CL, Dennis DT, Tipple MA, CampbellG L, McCance CR, Gubler DJ. 1996. Surveillance for pneumonic plague in the United States during an international emergency: A model for control of imported emerging diseases. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2(1):30-36.
12. Giladi M, Metzkor-Cotter E, Marti DA, Siegman-Igra Y, Korczyn AD, Rosso R, Berger SA, Campbell GL, Lanciotti. RS. 2001. West Nile encephalitis in Israel, 1999: The New York connection. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7(4):654-658.
13. Gubler DJ 1980. Highlights of medical entomology. Keynote Address at the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America.
14. Gubler DJ. 1987. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas. Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, 6:107-111.
15. Gubler DJ. 1989. Aedes aegypti and Aedes aegypti-borne disease control in the 1990s: Top down or bottom up. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 40(6):571-578.
16. Gubler DJ. 1993. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the americas. In P Thoncharoen (ed.) Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Regional Publication, Southeast Asia Regional Office, no. 22, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India.
17. Gubler DJ. 1996. The global resurgence of arboviral diseases. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 90(5):449-451.
18. Gubler DJ. 1997. Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever: Its history and resurgence as a global public health problem. In DJ Gubler and G Kuno (eds).) Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, London, UK, CAB International.
19. Gubler DJ. 1998. Resurgent vector-borne diseases as a global health problem. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4(3):442-450.
20. Gubler DJ. 2002a. The global emergence/resurgence of arboviral diseases as public health problems. Arch. Med. Res. 33(4):330-342.
21. Gubler DJ. 2002b. Epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century. Trends Microbiol. 10(2):100-103.
22. Gubler DJ. 2004. The changing epidemiology of yellow fever and dengue, 1900 to 2003: Full circle?. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 27(5):319-330.
23. Gubler DJ. 2007a. The continuing spread of West Nile virus in the western hemisphere. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45(8):1039-1046.
24. Gubler DJ, Kuno G, Markoff L. 2007b. Flaviviruses. In: DM Knipe, PM Howley, D Griffin, M Lamb, B Roizman and SE Straus (eds).) Fields Virology, 5th Edition, Chapter 34, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, pp. 1153-1252.
25. Gubler DJ. 2008a. The 20th century re-emergence of arboviral diseases: Lessons learned and prospects for the future. In D Raghunath and C Durga Rao (eds).) Proceedings of the Eighth Sir Dorabji Tata Symposium on Arthropod Borne Viral Infections, Bangalore, India Sir Dorabji Tata Centre for Research in Tropical Diseases, TataMcGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, Bangalore, India.
26. Gubler DJ. 2008b. Yellow fever. In RD Feigin, JD Cherry, GJ Demmler, and S Kaplan (eds).) Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 5th ed, Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.
27. Gubler DJ, Novak R, Mitchell CJ. 1982. Arthropod vector competence -epidemiological, genetic, and biological considerations. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Genetics of Insect Disease Vectors, Stipes Publishing, Champaign, IL, pp. 343-378.
28. Gubler DJ, Trent DW. 1994. Emergence of epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health problem in Americas. Infect. Agents Dis. 2:383-393.
29. Gubler DJ, Wilson MS. 2005. The global resurgence of vector-borne diseases: Lessons learned from successful and failed adaptation. In KL Ebi, J Smith, and I Burton (eds).) Integration of Public Health with Adaptation to Climate Change: Lessons Learned and New Directions, Taylor and Francis, London:pp. 44-59.
30. Hall RA, Broom AK, Smith DW, MacKenzie JS. 2002. The ecology and epidemiology of Kunjin virus. Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 267: 253-269.
31. Halstead SB. 1980. Dengue hemorrhagic fever -public health problem and a field for research. Bull. World Health Organ. 58:1-21.
32. Halstead SB. 1992. The 20th century dengue pandemic: Need for surveillance and research. World Health Statistics Quarterly Report, 45:292-298.
33. Hayes C. 1988. West nile fever. In TP Monath (ed.) The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL:pp. 59-88.
34. Hayes EB, Gubler DJ. 2006. West Nile virus: Epidemiology and clinical features of an emerging epidemic in the United States. Annu. Rev. Med. 57:181-194.
35. IOM (Institute ofMedicine). 1992. Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
36. IOM. 2003. Microbial Threats to Health: Emergence, Detection, and Response, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
37. John JT. 1999. Can plagues be predicted, prevented?. Lancet 354(Suppl):54.
38. Komar N. 2003. West Nile virus: Epidemiology and ecology in North America. Adv. Virus Res. 61:185-225.
39. Komar N, Clark GG. 2006. West Nile virus activity in Latin America and the Caribbean. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pblica/Pan American Journal of Public Health 19(2):112-117.
40. Lanciotti RS, Ebel GD, Deubel V, Kerst AJ, Murri S, Meyer R, Bowen M, McKinney N, Morrill WE, Crabtree MB, Kramer LD, Roehrig JT. 2002. Complete genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis ofWest Nile virus strains isolated from the United States, Europe, and theMiddle East. Virology 298(1):96-105.
41. Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V, Smith J, Parker M, Steele K, Crise B, Volpe KE, Crabtree MB, Scherret JH, Hall RA, MacKenzie JS, Cropp CB, Panigrahy B, Ostlund E, Schmitt B, Malkinson M, Banet C, Weissman J, Komar N, Savage HM, Stone W, McNamara T, Gubler DJ. 1999. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science 286(5448):2333-2337.
42. Langevin SA, Brault AC, Panella NA, Bowen RA, Komar N. 2005. Variation in virulence of West Nile virus strains for house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Am. J. Trop.Med. Hyg. 72(1): 99-102.
43. Mackenzie JS, Gubler DJ, Petersen LR. 2004. Emerging flaviviruses: The spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and dengue viruses. Nat. Med. 10(12):s98-s109.
44. Mahy B, Murphy F. 2005. The emergence and reemergence of viral diseases. Topley and wilsons microbiology and microbial infections. In BWJ Mahy and VT Muelen (eds)) Virology. 10th ed. vol 2, Hodder Arnold, London, pp. 1646-1669.
45. Malkinson M, Banet C, Weisman Y, Pokamunski S, King R, Drouet MT, Deubel V. 2002. Introduction of West Nile virus in the Middle East by migrating white storks. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8(4):392-397.
46. Marfin AA, Gubler DJ. 2001. West Nile encephalitis: An emerging disease in the United States. Clin. Infect. Dis. 33(10):1713-1719.
47. Monath TP. 1988. Yellow Fever. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. vol. 5, CRC Press. pp, Boca Raton, FL, 139-231.
48. Monath TP. 1989. The Absence of Yellow Fever in Asia hypotheses: a cause for concern? Virus Info Exchange Newsletter, 6:106-107.
49. Monath TP. 1994. Dengue: The risk to developed and developing countries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 91(7):2395-2400.
50. Montashari F, Bunning ML, Kitsutani PT, Singer DA, Nash D, Cooper MJ, Katz N, Liljebjelke KA, Biggerstaff BJ, Fine AD, Layton MC, Mullin SM, Johnson AJ, Martin DA, Hayes EB, Campbell GL. 2001. EpidemicWest Nile encephalitis, New York, 1999: Results of a householdbased seroepidemiological survey. Lancet 358(9278):261-264.
51. Morales MA, Barrandeguy M, Fabbri C, Garcia JB, Vissani A, Trono K, Gutierrez G, Pigretti S, Menchaca H, Garrido N, Taylor N, Fernandez F, Levis S, Enria D. 2006. West Nile virus isolation from equines in Argentina, 2006. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12(10):1559-1561.
52. Murgue B, Murri S, Triki H, Deubel V, Zeller HG. 2001. West nile in the mediterranean basin: 1950-2000 In DJ White and DL Morse (eds).) West Nile Virus, Detection, Surveillance and Control, New York Academy of Sciences, New York, pp. 117-126.
53. Murgue B, Zeller H, Deubel V. 2002. The ecology and epidemiology of west nile virus in africa, europe, and asia. In JS MacKenzie, ADT Barrett, and V Deubel (eds).) Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany:pp. 195-221.
54. Nash D, Mostashari F, Fine A, Miller J, OLeary D, Murray K, Huang A, Rosenberg A, Greenberg A, Sherman M, Wong S, Layton M. 1999. West Nile Outbreak Response Working Group. 2001. The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999. N. Engl. J. Med. 344:1807-1814.
55. Nasidi A, Monath TP, DeCock K, Tomori O, Cordellier R, Odaleye OD, Harry TO, Adeniyi JA, Sorungbe AO, Ajose-Coker AO, Van Der Loane G, Oyedivan ABO. 1989. Urban yellow fever epidemic in western Nigeria, 1987. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 83(3):401-406.
56. Owen J, Moore F, Panell N. 2006. Migrating birds as dispersal vehicles for West Nile virus. EcoHealth 3(2):79-85.
57. Pinheiro FP. 1989. Dengue in the Americas, 1980-1987. Epidemiol. Bull. 10(1):1-7.
58. Rappole JH, Derrickson SR, Hublek Z. 2000. Migratory birds and spread of West Nile virus in the western hemisphere. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 6(4):319-327.
59. Rico-Hesse R. 1990. Molecular evolution and distribution of dengue viruses type 1 and 2 in nature. Virology 174(2):479-493.
60. Robertson SE, Hull BP, Tomori O, Bele O, LeDuc JW, Esteves K. 1996. Yellow fever: A decade of reemergence. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 276(14):1157-1162.
61. Sanders E, Marfin AA, Tukei PM, Kuria G, Ademba G, Agata NN, Ouma JO, Cropp CB, Karabatsos N, Reiter P, Moore PS, Gubler DJ. 1998. First recorded outbreak of yellow fever in Kenya, 1992-93; I. Epidemiologic investigations. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59(4): 644-649.
62. Schliessman DJ, Calheiros LB. 1974. A review of the status of yellow fever and Aedes aegypti eradication programs in the Americans. Mosq. News, 34:1-9.
63. Smithburn KC, Hughes TP, Burke AW, Paul JH. 1940. A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native of Uganda. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 20(4):471-492.
64. Steere AC, Coburn J, Glickstein L. 2004. The emergence of Lyme disease. J. Clin. Investig. 113(8):1093-1101.
65. Sumarmo WH, Jahya E, Gubler DJ, Sorensen K. 1983. Clinical observations virologically confirmed fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever in Jakarta, Indonesia. Bull. World Health Organ. 61(4):693-701.
66. Theiler M, Anderson CR. 1975. The relative resistance of dengue-immune monkeys to yellow fever virus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 24(1):115-117.
67. Ulloa A, Langevin SA, Mendez-Sanchez JD, Arredondo-Jimenez JI, Raetz JL, Powers AM, Villarreal-Trevino C, Gubler DJ, Komar N. 2003. Serologic survey of domestic animals for zoonotic arbovirus infections in the Lacandon Forest region of Chiapas, Mexico. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 3(1):3-9.
68. Usinger RL. 1944. Entomological phases of the recent dengue epidemic in Honolulu. Publ. Health Rep. 59:423-430.
69. Van der Stuyft P, Gianella A, Pirard M, Cespedes J, Lora J, Peredo C, Pelegrino JL, Vorndam V, Boelaert M. 1999. Urbanization of yellow fever in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Lancet 353(9164):1558-1562.
70. WHO (World Health Organization). 1983. International Health Regulations. 3rd ed.,World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 26-29.
71. WHO. 1994. Plague in India: World Health Organization Team Executive Report, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
72. WHO. 1997. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment and Control, 2nd ed., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
73. WHO. 2000. Strengthening Implementation of the Global Strategy for Dengue Fever/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Prevention and Control. Report of the Informal Consultation, October 18-20, 1999, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
74. Wilcox BA, Gubler DJ, Pizer HF. 2007. Urbanization and the social ecology of emerging infectious diseases. In KH Mayer and HF Pizer (eds).) Social Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Elsevier, Academic Press, Boston, MA:pp. 113-137