Preeclampsia/eclampsia: An insight into the dilemma of treatment by the anesthesiologist

Acta Medica Iranica

Volumn 49, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 564-574

  Khan, Zahid Hussain ^a  

^a TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Anesthesia; Antihypertensive drugs; Eclampsia; Hypertension; Monitoring; Preeclampsia

Indexed keywords

CHLORPROMAZINE; DIAZOXIDE; ESMOLOL; FUROSEMIDE; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; HYDRALAZINE; MAGNESIUM SULFATE; NIFEDIPINE; NIMODIPINE; PRACTOLOL; PROPRANOLOL; VERAPAMIL;

ANESTHESIA LEVEL; ANESTHESIST; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BOLUS INJECTION; CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL FEATURE; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG SAFETY; ECLAMPSIA; EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA; FLUID THERAPY; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HEART OUTPUT MEASUREMENT; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; LOADING DRUG DOSE; LOCAL ANESTHESIA; MATERNAL HYPERTENSION; OLIGURIA; PLACENTA PERFUSION; PREECLAMPSIA; REGIONAL ANESTHESIA; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SPINAL ANESTHESIA; TACHYCARDIA;

ANESTHESIOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMANS; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCY;

EID: 80655128711     PISSN: 00446025     EISSN: 17359694     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Winer N, Tsasaris V. Latest development: management and treatment of preeclampsia. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2008;37(1):5-15.
2. Landau R, Irion O. Recent data on the physiopathology of preeclampsia and recommendations for treatment. Rev Med Suisse 2005;1(4):290, 292-5.
3. Mushambi MC, Halligan AW, Williamson K. Recent developments in the pathophysiology and management of preeclampsia. Br J Anaesth 1996;76(1):133-48.
4. Perry IJ, Beevers DG. The definition of preeclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;101(7):587-91.
5. Gant NF, Cunningham FG. Management of preeclampsia. Semin Perinatol 1994;18(2):94-102.
6. nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; 1982. p. 1-36.
7. th ed. London: Lloyd Luke; 1984. p. 1013-5.
8. Pritchard JA, Cunningham FG, Pritchard SA. The Parkland Memorial Hospital protocol for treatment of eclampsia: evaluation of 245 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984;148(7):951-63.
9. th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1988. p. 293-314.
10. Okafor UV, Ezegwui HU. Cesarean delivery in preeclampsia and seasonal variation in a tropical rainforest belt. J Postgrad Med 2010;56(1):21-3.
11. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289(19):2560-72.
12. Craici I, Wagner S, Garovic VD. Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular risk: formal risk factor or failed stress test? Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2008;2(4):249-59.
13. Chesley LC. Diagnosis of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1985;65(3):423-5.
14. Schwartz ML, Brenner W. Toxemia in a patient with none of the standard signs and symptoms of preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1985;66(3 Suppl):19S-21S.
15. Thangaratinam S, Coomarasamy A, O'Mahony F, Sharp S, Zamora J, Khan KS, Ismail KM. Estimation of proteinuria as a predictor of complications of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review. BMC Med 2009;7:10.
16. Dewhurst SJ. Integrated Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: WB Saunders Co; 1983. p. 259-78.
17. Dudley DK. Minibolus diazoxide in the management of severe hypertension in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;151(2):196-200.
18. Tondriaux A. Hemodynamic effects of magnesium sulphate in eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol Survey 1985;40:23-4.
19. Duley L, Meher S, Abalos E. Management of preeclampsia. BMJ 2006;332(7539):463-8.
20. Iqbal MM, Sobhan T, Ryals T. Effects of commonly used benzodiazepines on the fetus, the neonate, and the nursing infant. Psychiatr Serv 2002;53(1):39-49.
21. Zuspan FP. Problems encountered in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension. A point of view. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;131(6):591-7.
22. Ekele BA, Muhammed D, Bello LN, Namadina IM. Magnesium sulphate therapy in eclampsia: the Sokoto (ultra short) regimen. BMC Res Notes 2009;2:165.
23. Belfort MA, Saade GR, Moise KJ Jr, Cruz A, Adam K, Kramer W, Kirshon B. Nimodipine in the management of preeclampsia: maternal and fetal effects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171(2):417-24.
24. th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2010. p. 1726-32.
25. Belfort M, Akovic K, Anthony J, Saade G, Kirshon B, Moise K Jr. The effect of acute volume expansion and vasodilatation with verapamil on uterine and umbilical artery Doppler indices in severe preeclampsia. J Clin Ultrasound 1994;22(5):317-25.
26. Duley L, Meher S, Abalos E. Management of preeclampsia. BMJ 2006;332(7539):463-8.
27. Smith GCS, Fretts RC. Stillbirths-seminar. Lancet 2007;370(9600):1715-25.
28. Dyer RA, Rout CC, Kruger AM, van der Vyver M, Lamacraft G, James MF. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular instability during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. S Afr Med J 2004;94(5):367-72.
29. nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1993. p. 109-24.
30. Okafor UV, Efetie ER, Igwe W, Okezie O. Anaesthetic management of patients with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and perinatal outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009;22(8):688-92.
31. Visalyaputra S, Rodanant O, Somboonviboon W, Tantivitayatan K, Thienthong S, Saengchote W. Spinal versus epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery in severe preeclampsia: a prospective randomized, multicenter study. Anesth Analg 2005;101(3):862-8, table of contents.
32. Asbagh FA, Khan ZH. Hypertension in pregnancy. Can close surveillance curtail perinatal mortality? Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1996;52(2):193-4.
33. Asbagh FA, Hussain Khan Z. Hypertension in pregnancy. Do these patients require preferential treatment? A study conducted on 8473 patients in university hospital. Acta Med Iran 1995;33(1-2):39-42.
34. Dyer RA, Piercy JL, Reed AR, Lombard CJ, Schoeman LK, James MF. Hemodynamic changes associated with spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in severe preeclampsia. Anesthesiology 2008;108(5):802-11.
35. Kamilya G, Bharracharyya SK, Mukherji J. Changing trends in the management of eclampsia from a teaching hospital. J Indian Med Assoc 2005;103(3):132, 134-5.
36. Hood DD, Curry R. Spinal versus epidural anesthesia for cesarean section in severely preeclamptic patients: a retrospective survey. Anesthesiology 1999;90(5):1276-82.
37. Aya AG, Mangin R, Vialles N, Ferrer JM, Robert C, Ripart J, de La Coussaye JE. Patients with severe preeclampsia experience less hypotension during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery than healthy parturients: a prospective cohort comparison. Anesth Analg 2003;97(3):867-72.
38. Dyer RA, Els I, Farbas J, Torr GJ, Schoeman LK, James MF. Prospective, randomized trial comparing general with spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in preeclamptic patients with a nonreassuring fetal heart trace.Anesthesiology 2003;99(3):561-9; discussion 5A-6A.
39. Abboud T, Artal R, Sarkis F, Henriksen EH, Kammula RK. Sympathoadrenal activity, maternal, fetal, and neonatal responses after epidural anesthesia in the preeclamptic patient. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982;144(8):915-8.
40. Achola KJ, Jones MJ, Mitchell RW, Smith G. Effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonism on the cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia 1988;43(6):433-6.
41. Birnbach DJ, Browen IM. Anesthesia for obstetrics. In: Miller RD, editor. Miller's Anesthesia. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2002. p. 2211-30.
42. Kale SC, Mahajan RP, Jayalakshami TS, Raghavan V, Das B. Nifedipine prevents the pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in patients with coronary artery disease. Anaesthesia 1988;43(6):495-7.
43. Jouppila P, Kirkinen P, Koivula A, Ylikorkala O. Labetalol does not alter the placental and fetal blood flow or maternal prostanoids in pre-eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1986;93(6):543-7.
44. Rout CC, Rocke DA. Effects of alfentanil and fentanyl on induction of anaesthesia in patients with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension. Br J Anaesth 1990;65(4):468-74.
45. Ashton WB, James MF, Janicki P, Uys PC. Attenuation of the pressor response to tracheal intubation by magnesium sulphate with and without alfentanil in hypertensive proteinuric patients undergoing caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 1991;67(6):741-7.
46. Gin T, Ngan-Kee WD, Siu YK, Stuart JC, Tan PE, Lam KK. Alfentanil given immediately before the induction of anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 2000;90(5):1167-72.
47. Frishman WH, Charlap S, Michelson EL. Calcium channel blockers in systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1986;58(1):157-60.
48. Norris MC, Rose JC, Dewan DM. Nifedipine or verapamil counteracts hypertension in gravid ewes. Anesthesiology 1986;65(3):254-8.
49. Broughton Pipkin F, Rubin PC. Pre-eclampsia: the 'disease of theories'. Br Med Bull 1994;50(2):381-96.
50. Dyer RA, Piercy JL, Reed AR. The role of the anaesthetist in the management of the pre-eclamptic patient. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007;20(3):168-74.
51. Hussain Khan Z, Tavana NJ. The dilemma of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a critical look. J Iran Soc Anesth Int Care 1994;12:37-45. [Persian]
52. Ramanathan J, Vaddadi AK, Arheart KL. Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia with low doses of intrathecal bupivacaine in women with severe preeclampsia: a preliminary report. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001;26(1):46-51.
53. Teoh WH, Sia AT. Ultra-low dose combined spinalepidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section in severe preeclampsia. Anaesthesia 2006;61(5):511-2.