Compendium of animal rabies prevention and control, 2011 national association of state public health veterinarians, inc. (NASPHV)

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

Volumn 60, Issue RR-6, 2011, Pages 1-14

  Brown, Catherine M ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RABIES VACCINE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BITES AND STINGS; DOMESTIC ANIMAL; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; PUBLIC HEALTH; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; RABIES; UNITED STATES; VACCINATION; WILD ANIMAL; ZOONOSIS;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, DOMESTIC; ANIMALS, WILD; BITES AND STINGS; CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (U.S.); HUMANS; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PUBLIC HEALTH; RABIES; RABIES VACCINES; UNITED STATES; VACCINATION; ZOONOSES;

EID: 80555146478     PISSN: 01492195     EISSN: 1545861X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. American Public Health Association. Rabies. In: Heymann D, ed. Control of communicable diseases manual. 19th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2008:498-508.
2. Blanton JD, Palmer D, Christian KA, Rupprecht CE. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2009. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237:646-57.
3. Castrodale L, Walker V, Baldwin J, Hofmann J, Hanlon C. Rabies in a puppy imported from India to the USA, March 2007. Zoonoses Public Health 2008;55:427-30.
4. CDC. Rabies in a dog imported from Iraq-New Jersey, June 2008. MMWR 2008;57:1076-8.
5. McQuiston JH, Wilson T, Harris S, et al. Importation of dogs into the United States: risks from rabies and other zoonotic diseases. Zoonoses Public Health 2008;55:421-6.
6. Velasco-Villa A, Reeder SA, Orciari LA, et al. Enzootic rabies elimination from dogs and reemergence in wild terrestrial carnivores, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:1849-54.
7. Beran GW. Rabies and infections by rabies-related viruses. In: Beran GW, ed. Handbook of zoonoses section B: Viral, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1994:307-57.
8. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Public health reporting and national notification for animal rabies. Infectious disease positions statements, June 2009. Atlanta, GA: Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Available at http://www.cste.org/ps2009/09-ID-12.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2011.
9. CDC. Human rabies prevention-United States, 2008. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2008;57(No. RR-3).
10. CDC. Use of reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2010;59(No. RR-2).
11. McQuiston J, Yager PA, Smith JS, Rupprecht CE. Epidemiologic characteristics of rabies virus variants in dogs and cats in the United States, 1999. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:1939-42.
12. Murray KO, Holmes KC, Hanlon CA. Rabies in vaccinated dogs and cats in the United States, 1997-2001. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009;235:691-5.
13. Frana TS, Clough NE, Gatewood DM, Rupprecht CE. Postmarketing surveillance of rabies vaccines for dogs to evaluate safety and efficacy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008;232:1000-2.
14. Hanlon CA, Childs JE, Nettles VF, et al. Recommendations of the Working Group on Rabies. Article III: rabies in wildlife. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1612-8.
15. Slate D, Algeo TD, Nelson KM, et al. Oral rabies vaccination in North America: opportunities, complexities, and challenges. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2009;3:1-9
16. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Electronic laboratory reporting in the US: underfunded and under potential, or, recommendations for the implementation of ELR in the US. Policy Positions Statements. Atlanta, GA: Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists; 2009. Available at http://www.cste.org/ps2009/09-SI-03.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2011.
17. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Process statement for immediately nationally notifiable conditions. Policy Positions Statements, Atlanta, GA: Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists; 2009. Available at http://www.cste.org/ps2009/09-SI-04.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2011.
18. Hanlon CA, Smith JS, Anderson GR, et al. Recommendations of the Working Group on Rabies. Article II: laboratory diagnosis of rabies. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1444-6.
19. Rudd RJ, Smith JS, Yager PA, et al. A need for standardized rabies-virus diagnostic procedures: effect of cover-glass mountant on the reliability of antigen detection by the fluorescent antibody test. Virus Res 2005;111:83-8.
20. American Veterinary Medical Association. AVMA guidelines on euthanasia. Schaumburg, IL: American Veterinary Medical Association; 2007. Available at http://www.avma.org/issues/animal_welfare/euthanasia.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2011.
21. Michigan Rabies Working Group. Humane euthanasia of bats for public health rabies testing. Lansing, MI: Michigan Rabies Working Group; 2008. Available at http://www.michigan.gov/documents/emergingdiseases/Humane_Euthanasia_of_Bats-Final_244979_7.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2011.
22. CDC. Public health response to a potentially rabid bear cub-Iowa, 1999. MMWR 1999;48:971-3.
23. Niezgoda M, Rupprecht CE. Standard operating procedure for the direct rapid immunohistochemistry test for the detection of rabies virus antigen. National Laboratory Training Network Course. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2006:1-16. Available at http://www.rabiesblueprint.com/IMG/pdf/DRIT_SOP.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2011.
24. Lembo T, Niezgoda M, Velasco-Villa A, Cleaveland S, Ernest E, Rupprecht CE. Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12:310-3.
25. Dürr S, Naïssengar S, Mindekem R, et al. Rabies diagnosis for developing countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008;26:e206.
26. Saturday GA, King R, Fuhrmann L. Validation and operational application of a rapid method for rabies antigen detection. US Army Med Dep J 2009;Jan-Mar:42-5.
27. Tizard I, Ni Y. Use of serologic testing to assess immune status of companion animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:54-60.
28. Greene CE, ed. Rabies and other lyssavirus infections. In: Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 3rd ed. London, England: Saunders Elsevier; 2006:167-83.
29. Rupprecht CE, Gilbert J, Pitts R, Marshall K, Koprowski H. Evaluation of an inactivated rabies virus vaccine in domestic ferrets. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;196:1614-6.
30. Moore SM, Hanlon CA. Rabies-specific antibodies: measuring surrogates of protection against a fatal disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010;4:e595.
31. Aubert MF. Practical significance of rabies antibodies in cats and dogs. Rev Sci Tech 1992;11:735-60.
32. Muirhead TL, McClure JT, Wichtel JJ, et al. The effect of age on serum antibody titers after rabies and influenza vaccination in healthy horses. J Vet Intern Med 2008;22:654-61.
33. Shimazaki Y, Inoue S, Takahashi C, et al. Immune response to Japanese rabies vaccine in domestic dogs. J Vet Med B 2003;50:95-8.
34. Cliquet F, Verdier Y, Sagné L, et al. Neutralising antibody titration in 25,000 sera of dogs and cats vaccinated against rabies in France, in the framework of the new regulations that offer an alternative to quarantine. Rev Sci Tech 2003;22:857-66.
35. Rabies. In: Guidelines for the vaccination of horses. Lexington, KY: American Association of Equine Practitioners; 2009. Available at http://www.aaep.org/rabies.htm. Accessed September 1, 2011.
36. CDC. Compendium of measures to prevent disease and injury associated with animals in public settings, 2007. MMWR 2007;56(No. RR-5).
37. Bender J, Schulman S. Reports of zoonotic disease outbreaks associated with animal exhibits and availability of recommendations for preventing zoonotic disease transmission from animals to people in such settings. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:1105-9.
38. American Veterinary Medical Association. Private ownership of wild animals. Schaumburg, IL: American Veterinary Medical Association; 2006. Available at http://www.avma.org/issues/policy/wild_animal_ownership.asp. Accessed September 1, 2011.
39. American Veterinary Medical Association. Position on canine hybrids. Schaumburg, IL: American Veterinary Medical Association; 2008.
40. Siino BS. Crossing the line: the case against hybrids. New York City, NY: American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Animal Watch; 2000:22-9. Available at http://www.petfinder.com/before-pet-adoption/case-against-hybrids.html?page-index=1&query=hybrids. Accessed September 1, 2011.
41. Jay MT, Reilly KF, DeBess EE, Haynes EH, Bader DR, Barrett LR. Rabies in a vaccinated wolf-dog hybrid. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994;205:1729-32.
42. CDC. An imported case of rabies in an immunized dog. MMWR 1987;36:94-6.
43. CDC. Imported dog and cat rabies-New Hampshire, California. MMWR 1988;37:559-60.
44. Hanlon CA, Niezgoda MN, Rupprecht CE. Postexposure prophylaxis for prevention of rabies in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2002;63:1096-100.
45. Rabies vaccine, killed virus. 9 C.F.R. Sect. 113.209 (2003).
46. Greene CE, ed. Immunoprophylaxis. In: Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 3rd ed. London, England: Saunders, Elsevier; 2006;1069-119.
47. Willoughby, RE. "Early death" and the contraindication of vaccine during rabies treatment. Vaccine 2009;27:7173-7.
48. Mansfield K, McElhinney L, Hübschle O, et al. A molecular epidemiological study of rabies epizootics in kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in Namibia. BMC Vet Res 2006;2:2.
49. Viral agents. In: US Department of Health and Human Services. Biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories. 5th ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007:234-5. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL5_sect_VIII_e.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2011.
50. Wertheim HFL, Nguyen TQ, Nguyen KAT, et al. Furious rabies after an atypical exposure. PLoS Med 2009;6(3):0264-8.
51. Ante-mortem inspection. In: US Meat and Poultry Inspection Program. Meat and poultry inspection manual. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1973:314.
52. Debbie JG, Trimarchi CV. Pantropism of rabies virus in free-ranging rabid red fox (Vulpes fulva). J Wildl Dis 1970;6:500-6.
53. Fekadu M, Shaddock JH. Peripheral distribution of virus in dogs inoculated with two strains of rabies virus. Am J Vet Res 1984;45:724-729.
54. Charlton, KM. The pathogenesis of rabies and other lyssaviral infections: recent studies. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1994;187:95-119.
55. Afshar A. A review of non-bite transmission of rabies virus infection. Br Vet J 1979;135:142-8.
56. CDC. Mass treatment of humans who drank unpasteurized milk from rabid cows-Massachusetts, 1996-1998. MMWR 1999;48:228-9.
57. CDC. U.S. public health service guideline on infectious disease issues in xenotransplantation. MMWR 2001;50(No. RR-15).
58. Turner GS, Kaplan C. Some properties of fixed rabies virus. J Gen Virol 1967;1:537-51.
59. Vaughn JB, Gerhardt P, Paterson J. Excretion of street rabies virus in saliva of cats. J Am Med Assoc 1963;184:705.
60. Vaughn JB, Gerhardt P, Newell KW. Excretion of street rabies virus in saliva of dogs. J Am Med Assoc 1965;193:363-8.
61. Niezgoda M, Briggs DJ, Shaddock J, Rupprecht CE. Viral excretion in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) inoculated with a raccoon rabies isolate. Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1629-32.
62. Tepsumethanon V, Lumlertdacha B, Mitmoonpitak C, Sitprija V, Meslin FX, Wilde H. Survival of naturally infected rabid dogs and cats. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:278-80.
63. Jenkins SR, Perry BD, Winkler WG. Ecology and epidemiology of raccoon rabies. Rev Infect Dis 1988;10(Suppl 4):S620-5.
64. CDC. Translocation of coyote rabies-Florida, 1994. MMWR 1995;44:580-7.
65. Rupprecht CE, Smith JS, Fekadu M, Childs JE. The ascension of wildlife rabies: a cause for public health concern or intervention? Emerg Infect Dis 1995;1:107-14.
66. Constantine DG. Geographic translocation of bats: known and potential problems. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:17-21.
67. Krebs JW, Strine TW, Smith JS, Rupprecht CE, Childs JE. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1993. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994;1695-709.
68. VF Nettles, JH Shaddock, RK Sikes, CR Reyes. Rabies in translocated raccoons. Am J Public Health 1979;69:601-2.
69. RM Engeman, KL Christensen, MJ Pipas, DL Bergman. Population monitoring in support of a rabies vaccination program for skunks in Arizona. J Wildl Dis 2003;39:746-50.
70. Leslie MJ, Messenger S, Rohde RE, et al. Bat-associated rabies virus in skunks. Emerg Infect Dis 2006;12:1274-7.
71. Rupprecht CE, Hanlon CA, Slate D. Control and prevention of rabies in animals: paradigm shifts. Dev Biol (Basel). 2006;125:103-11.
72. Pets Evacuation and Transportations Standards Act of 2006. P.L. 109-308, 109th Cong., 120 Stat. 1725 (2006).
73. National Animal Control Association. National Animal Control Association guidelines. Kansas City, MO: National Animal Control Association. Available at http://www.nacanet.org/guidelines.html. Accessed September 1, 2011.
74. Chipman R, Slate D, Rupprecht C, Mendoza M. Downside risk of translocation. In: Dodet B, Fooks AR, Muller T, Tordo N; Scientific & Technical Department of the OIE, eds: Towards the elimination of rabies in Eurasia. Dev Biol 2008;131:223-32.
75. Slate D, Rupprecht CE, Rooney JA, Donovan D, Lein DH, Chipman RB. Status of oral rabies vaccination in wild carnivores in the United States. Virus Res 2005;111:68-76.
76. Sidwa TJ, Wilson PJ, Moore GM, et al. Evaluation of oral rabies vaccination programs for control of rabies epizootics in coyotes and gray foxes: 1995-2003. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;227:785-92.
77. MacInnes CD, Smith SM, Tinline RR, et al. Elimination of rabies from red foxes in eastern Ontario. J Wildl Dis 2001;37:119-32.
78. Rosatte RC, Power MJ, Donovan D, et al. Elimination of arctic variant of rabies in red foxes, metropolitan Toronto. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;1325-27.
79. Messenger SL, Smith JS, Rupprecht CE. Emerging epidemiology of bat-associated cryptic cases of rabies in humans in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:738-47.
80. CDC. Human rabies-California, 2002. MMWR 2002;51:686-8.
81. CDC. Human rabies-Tennessee, 2002. MMWR 2002;51:828-9.
82. CDC. Human rabies-Iowa, 2002. MMWR 2003;52:47-8.
83. CDC. Human death associated with bat rabies-California, 2003. MMWR 2004;53:33-5.
84. CDC. Recovery of a patient from clinical rabies, Wisconsin, 2004. MMWR 2004;53:1171-3.
85. CDC. Human rabies-Mississippi, 2005. MMWR 2006;55:207-8.
86. CDC. Human rabies-Indiana and California, 2006. MMWR 2007;56:361-5.
87. CDC. Human rabies-Minnesota, 2007. MMWR 2008;57:460-2.
88. CDC. Human rabies-Missouri, 2008. MMWR 2009;58:1207-9.
89. CDC. Human rabies-Kentucky/Indiana, 2009. MMWR 2010;59:393-6.
90. CDC. Human rabies-Virginia, 2009. MMWR 2010;591236-8.
91. CDC. Presumptive abortive human rabies-Texas, 2009. MMWR 2010;59:185-90.
92. CDC. Human rabies-Michigan, 2009. MMWR 2011;60:437-40.
93. Greenhall AM. House bat management. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Resource Publication 143;1982. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online; 1982. Available at http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/mammals/housebat/index.htm. Accessed September 1, 2011.
94. Greenhall AM, Frantz SC. Bats. In: Hygnstrom SE, Timm RM, Larson GE, eds. Prevention and control of wildlife damage. Cooperative Extension Division Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Nebraska-Lincoln; United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Animal Damage Control; Great Plains Agricultural Council Wildlife Committee; 1994. Available at http://icwdm.org/handbook/mammals/bats.asp. Accessed September 1, 2011.
95. American Veterinary Medical Association. Model rabies control ordinance. Schaumburg, IL: American Veterinary Medical Association; 2008. Available at http://www.avma.org/issues/policy/AVMA-Model-Rabies-Ordinance.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2011.
96. Bunn TO. Canine and feline vaccines, past and present. In Baer GM, ed. The natural history of rabies. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1991:415-25.
97. Macy DW, Hendrick MJ. The potential role of inflammation in the development of postvaccinal sarcomas in cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1996;26:103-9.
98. Gobar GM, Kass PH. World wide web-based survey of vaccination practices, postvaccinal reactions, and vaccine site-associated sarcomas in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:1477-82.
99. Kass PH, Spangler WL, Hendrick MJ, et al. Multicenter case-control study of risk factors associated with development of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;223:1283-92.
100. Rupprecht CE, Blass L, Smith K, et al. Human infection due to recombinant vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein virus. N Engl J Med 2001;345:582-6.
101. CDC. Human vaccinia infection after contact with a raccoon rabies vaccine bait-Pennsylvania, 2009. MMWR 2009;58:1204-7.