The relations between maternal expressed emotion and children's perceived self-competence, behavior and intelligence in African-American families

Early Child Development and Care

Volumn 176, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 195-206

  Kwon, Julie ^a   Delaney Black, Virginia ^b   Covington, Chandice ^c   Abell, Steven C ^d   Nordstrom Bailey, Beth ^e   Sokol, Robert J ^b   Ager, Joel ^b  

^a Oakland County Circuit Court ^*  (United States)

^b WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT MERCY   (United States)

^e EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

African American; Anxiety; Behavior; Children's self competence; Expressed emotion; Intelligence

Indexed keywords

EID: 80155149452     PISSN: 03004430     EISSN: 14768275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0300443042000302681     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Asarnow, J. R., Goldstein, M. J. & Ben-Meir, S. (1988) Parental communication deviance in childhood onset schizophrenia spectrum and depressive disorders, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, 825-838.
2. Asarnow, J. R., Goldstein, M. J., Tompson, M. & Guthrie, D. (1993) One-year outcomes of depressive disorders in child psychiatric in-patients: evaluation of the prognostic power of a brief measure of expressed emotion, Journal of Child Psychology, Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 34(2), 129-137.
3. Asarnow, J. R., Tompson, M., Hamilton, E. B., Goldstein, M. J. et al. (1994) Family expressed emotion, childhood-onset depression, and childhood-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders: is expressed emotion a nonspecific correlate of child psychopathology or a specific risk factor, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22(2), 129-146.
4. Baker, B. L., Heller, T. L. & Henker, B. (2000) Expressed emotion, parenting stress, and adjustment in mothers of young children with behavior problems, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(7), 907-915.
5. Barocas, R., Seifer, R., Sameroff, A. J., Andrews, T. A. et al. (1991) Social and interpersonal determinants of developmental risk, Development Psychology, 27(3), 479-488.
6. Barrelet, L., Ferrero, F., Szigethy, L., Giddey, C. & Pellizzer, G. (1990) Expressed emotion and first-admission schizophrenia-nine-month follow-up in a French cultural environment, British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 357-362.
7. Bracken, B. A. (1992) Review of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised, in: J. Kramer & J. C. Conoley (Eds) The Eleventh mental measurements yearbook(Nebraska, The Buros Institute of Mental Measurements).
8. Brown, G. W., Birley, J. L. T. & Wing, J. K. (1972) Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: a replication, British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 241-258.
9. Cheng, A. (2002) Expressed emotion: a cross-cultural valid concept? British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, 466-467.
10. Conners, C. K. (1969) Rating scales for use in drug studies with children, American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 152-156.
11. Conners, C. K. (1973) Rating scales for use in drug studies with children, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, special issue, Pharmacology of children. DHEW Publication (HSM) 73-9002 (Rockville, MD, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare).
12. Conners, C. K. (1990) Conners' rating scales manual (Ontario, Multi-Health Systems).
13. Estrada, P., Arsenio, W. F., Hess, R. D. & Holloway, S. D. (1987) Affective quality of the mother-child relationship: Longitudinal consequences for children's school-relevant cognitive functioning, Developmental Psychology, 23(2), 210-215.
14. Greedharry, D. (1987) Expressed emotion in families of the mentally handicapped: a pilot study, British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 400-402.
15. Harris, J. R (1995) Where is the child's environment? A group socialization theory of development, Psychology Reviews, 102(3), 458-489.
16. Harter, S. & Pike, R. (1984) The Pictorial Scale for perceived competence and social acceptance for young children, Child Development, 55, 1969-1982.
17. Hibbs, E. D., Hamburger, S. D., Lenane, M., Rapoport, J. L., Krusei, M. J. P., Keysor, C. S. & Goldstein, M. J. (1991) Determinants of expressed emotion in families of disturbed and normal children, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatty, 32(5), 757-770
18. Hines, D. M. & Berg-Cross, L. (1981) Racial differences in global self-esteem, Journal of Social Psychology, 113, 271-281.
19. Hooley, J. M., Orley, J. & Teasdale, J. D. (1986) Levels of expressed emotion and relapse in depressed patients, British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 642-647.
20. Jenkins, J. H. & Karno, M. (1992) The meaning of expressed emotion: theoretical issues raised by cross-cultural research, American Journal of Psychiatry, 149(1), 9-21.
21. Kershner, J. G., Cohen, N. J. & Coyne, J. C. (1996) Expressed emotion in families of clinically referred and nonreferred children: toward a further understanding of the expressed emotion index, Journal of Family Psychology, 10(1), 97-106.
22. Killeen, M. R. (1988) Self-concept of children of alcoholics: part I. Family influences, Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, 1, 25-30.
23. Killeen, M. R. (1993) Parent influences on children's self-esteem in economically disadvantaged families, Issues of Mental Health Nursing, 14, 323-336.
24. Kruesi, M. J. P., Hibbs, E. D., Hamburger, S. D., Rapoport, J. L. et al. (1994) Measurement of aggression in children with disruptive behavior disorders, Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 21(3-4), 159-172.
25. Leff, J. P. & Vaughn, C. E. (1981) The role of maintenance therapy and relatives' expressed emotion in relapse of schizophrenia: a two-year follow-up, British Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 102-104.
26. Leff, J. P., Wig, N. N., Bedi, H., Menon, D. K. et al. (1990) Relatives' expressed emotion and the course of schizophrenia in Chandigarh: a two-year follow-up of a first-contact sample. Special Issue: Cross-cultural psychiatry, British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 351-356.
27. Magana, A. B., Goldstein, M. J., Karno, M., Miklowitz, D. J., Jenkins, J. & Falloon, I. R. H. (1986) Brief method for assessing expressed emotion in relatives of psychiatric patients, Psychiatric Research, 17, 203-212.
28. Marshall, V. G., Longwell, L., Goldstein, M. J. & Swanson, J. M. (1990) Family factors associated with aggressive symptomatology in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a research note, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31(4), 629-636.
29. McCarthy, C. A. & Weisz, J. R. (2002) Correlates of expressed emotion in mothers of clinicallyreferred youth: an examination of the five-minute speech sample, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(6), 759-768.
30. McCarthy, C. A., Lau, A. S., Valeri, S. M. & Weisz, J. R. (2004) Parent-child interactions in relation to critical and emotionally overinvolved expressed emotion (EE): is EE a proxy for behavior? Journal of Abnormal. Child Psychology, 32(1), 83-94.
31. McGuire, J. B. & Earls, F. (1994) Research note: the test-retest stability of the five minute speech sample in parents of disadvantaged, minority children, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(5), 971-979.
32. Miklowitz, D. J., Goldstein, M. J., Nuechterlein, K. H., Snyder, K. S. et al. (1988) Family factors and the course of bipolar affective disorder, Archives of General Psychiatry, 45(3), 225-231.
33. Moskowitz, K. H., Broshek, D. K. & Denham, S. (1998) Maternal affective tone and children's affect: a test of mediation. Unpublished dissertation, Michigan.
34. O'Farrell, T. J., Hooley, J., Fals-Stewart, W. & Cutter, H. S. G. (1998) Expressed emotion and relapse in alcoholic patients, Journal of Consultation in Clinical Psychology, 66(5), 744-752.
35. Orford, J., O'Reilly, P. & Goonatilieke, A. (1987) Expressed emotion and perceived family interaction in the key relatives of elderly patients with dementia, Psychological Medicine, 17, 963-970.
36. Parker, G. & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (1990) Expressed emotion as a predictor of schizophrenic relapse: an analysis of aggregated data, Psychological Medicine, 20, 961-965.
37. Peris, T. S. & Baker, D. L. (2000) Applications of the expressed emotion construct to young children with externalizing behavior: stability and prediction over time, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 457-462.
38. Peris, T. S. & Hinshaw, S. P. (2003) Family dynamics and preadolescent girls with ADHD: the relationship between expressed emotion, ADHD symptomatology, and comorbid disruptive behavior, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(8), 1177-1190
39. Richman, N., Stevenson, J. & Graham, P. J. (1982) Pre-school to school: a behavioral study, Behaviorioural Development: A Series of Monographs, 228.
40. Samuels, D. D. & Griffore, R. J. (1979) Ethnic and sex differences in self-esteem of preschool children, Journal of Genetic Psychology, 35, 33-36.
41. Schwartz, C. E., Dorder, D. J., Beardslee, W. R., Lavor, P. W. & Keller, M. B. (1990) Maternal expressed emotion and parental affective disorder: risk for childhood depressive disorder, substance abuse, or conduct disorder, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 24(3), 231-250.
42. Stubbe, D. E., Zahner, G. E. P., Goldstein, M. J. & Leckman, J. F. (1993) Diagnostic specificity of a brief measure of a expressed emotion: a community study of children, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34(2), 139-154.
43. Tompson, M. C., Goldstein, M. J., Lebell, M. B., Mintz, L. I. et al. (1995) Schizophrenic patients' perceptions of their relatives' attitudes, Psychiatric Research, 57(2), 155-167.
44. Valone, K., Norton, J. P., Goldstein, M. J. & Doane, J. A. (1983) Parental expressed emotion and affective style in an adolescent sample at risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92(4), 399-407.
45. van Furth, E. F., van Strien, D. C., Martina, L. M. L., san Son, M. J. M., Hendrickx, J. J. P. & van Engeland, H. (1996) Expressed emotion and the prediction of outcome in adolescent eating disorders, International Journal of Eating Disorders, 20(1), 19-31.
46. Vaughn, C. E. & Leff, J. P. (1976) The measurement of expressed emotion in the families of psychiatric patients, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 15, 157-165.
47. Vaughn, C. E., Sorensen-Snyer, K., Jones, S., Freeman, W. B. & Falloon, I. R. H. (1984) Family factors in schizophrenic relapse: replication in California of British research on expressed emotion, Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 1169-1177.
48. Vostanis, P. & Nicholls, J. (1992) Expressed emotion in parents of non-referred children aged 6-11 years from two school populations: a pilot study, Child: Care, Health, and Development, 18, 249-257.
49. Vostanis, P., Nicholls, J. & Harrington, R. (1994) Maternal expressed emotion in conduct and emotional disorders of childhood, Journal of Child Psychology, Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 35(2), 365-376.
50. Wechsler, D. (1989) Manual for the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (San Antonio, TX, The Psychological Corporation).
51. Weintraub, D. & Wamboldt, M. Z. (1996) Expressed emotion in child psychiatry: a risk factor for psychopathology and treatment resistance? Current Opinions in Psychiatry, 9, 241-246.