Trait and state dissociation in the prediction of intrusive images

International Journal of Cognitive Therapy

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 145-153

  Hagenaars, Muriel A ^a   Krans, Julie ^b  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80155134735     PISSN: 19371209     EISSN: 19371217     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/ijct.2011.4.2.145     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.; text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
3. Bernstein, E.M., & Putnam, F.W. (1986). Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 727-735.
4. Bremner, J.D., Krystal, J.H., Putnam, F.W., Southwick, S.M., Marmar, C., Charney, D.S. et al. (1998). Measurement of dissociative states with the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 125-136.
5. Brewin, C.R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J.D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 748-766.
6. Briere, J., Scott, C., & Weathers, F. (2005). Peritraumatic and persistent dissociation in the presumed etiology of PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 2295-2301.
7. Candel, I., & Merckelbach, H. (2004). Peritraumatic dissociation as a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder: A critical review. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 45, 44-50.
8. Davies, M., & Clark, D. (1998). Predictors of analogue post-traumatic intrusive cognitions. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26, 303-314.
9. Felmingham, K., Kemp, A.H., Williams, L., Falconer, E., Olivieri, G., Peduto, A. et al. (2008). Dissociative responses to conscious and non-conscious fear impact underlying brain function in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Medicine, 38, 1771-1780.
10. Fikretoglu, D., Brunet, A., Best, S., Metzler, T., Delucchi, K., Weiss, D.S. et al. (2007). Peritraumatic fear, helplessness and horror and peritraumatic dissociation: Do physical and cognitive symptoms of panic mediate the relationship between the two? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 39-47.
11. Fikretoglu, D., Brunet, A., Best, S., Metzler, T., Delucchi, K., Weiss, D.S. et al. (2006). The relationship between peritraumatic distress and peritraumatic dissociation: An examination of two competing models. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 853-858.
12. Flack, W.F., Litz, B.T., Hsieh, F.Y., Kaloupek, D.G., & Keane, T.M. (2000). Predictors of emotional numbing, revisited: A replication and extension. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 611-618.
13. Gershuny, B.S., & Thayer, J. (1999). Relations among psychological trauma, dissociative phenomena, and trauma-related distress: A review and integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 631-657.
14. Giesbrecht, T., Smeets, T., & Merckelbach, H. (2008). Dissociative experiences on ice- Peritraumatic and trait dissociation during the cold pressor test. Psychiatry Research, 157, 115-121.
15. Giesbrecht, T., Smeets, T., Merckelbach, H., & Jelicic, M. (2007). Depersonalization experiences in undergraduates are related to heightened stress cortisol responses. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 282-287.
16. Goldberg, L. R. (1999). The Curious Experiences Survey, a revised version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale: Factor structure, reliability and relations to demographic and personality variables. Psychological Assessment, 11, 134-145.
17. Grabe, H.-J., Spitzer, C., & Freyberger, H.J. (1999). Relationship of dissociation to temperament and character in men and women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1811-1813.
18. Hagenaars, M.A., Van Minnen, A., Holmes, E.A., Brewin, C.R., & Hoogduin, K.A.L. (2008). The effect of hypnotically induced somatoform dissociation on the development of intrusions after an aversive film. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 944-963.
19. Hagenaars, M.A., Van Minnen, A., & Hoogduin, K.A.L. (2007). Peritraumatic psychological and somatoform dissociation in predicting PTSD symptoms: A prospective study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 952-954.
20. Hagenaars, M.A., Van Minnen, A., & Hoogduin, K.A.L. (2010). The impact of dissociation and depression on the efficacy of prolonged exposure treatment for PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 19-27.
21. Harvey, A.G., & Bryant, R.A. (1998). Relationship of acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 507-512.
22. Holmes, E.A., Brewin, C.R., & Hennessy, R.G. (2004). Trauma films, information processing, and intrusive memory development. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 133, 3-22.
23. Holmes, E. A., Oakley, D. A., Stuart, A., & Brewin, C. R. (2006). Investigating peritraumatic dissociation using hypnosis during a traumatic film. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 7(4), 91-113.
24. Krans, J., Näring, G., Holmes, E.A., & Becker, E.S. (2010). Motion effects on intrusion development. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 11, 73-82.
25. Kwapil, T. R.,Wrobel, M. J., & Pope, C. A. (2002). The five-factor personality structure of dissociative experiences. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 431-443.
26. Leonard, K.N., Telch, M.J., & Harrington, P.J. (1999). Dissociation in the laboratory: A comparison of strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 49-61.
27. Marshall, G.N., & Schell, T.L. (2002). Reappraising the link between peritraumatic dissociation and PTSD symptom severity: Evidence from a longitudinal study of community violence survivors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 626-636.
28. McCaslin, S.E., Inslicht, S.S., Metzler, T.J., Henn-Haase, C., Maguen, S., Neylan, T.C. et al. (2008). Trait dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in a prospective study of urban police officers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 912-918.
29. Murray, J., Ehlers, A., & Mayou, R.A. (2002). Dissociation and post-traumatic stress disorder: Two prospective studies of road traffic accident survivors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 363-368.
30. Ozer, E.J., Best, S.R., Lipsey, T.L., & Weiss, D.S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A metaanalysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 52-73.
31. Sobel, M.E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
32. Spindler, H., & Elklit, A. (2003). Dissociation, psychiatric symptoms, and personality traits in a non-clinical population. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 4, 89-107.
33. Videlock, E.J., Peleg, T., Segman, R., Yehuda, R., Pitman, R.K., & Shalev, A.Y. (2008). Stress hormones and post-traumatic stress disorder in civilian trauma victims: A longitudinal study. Part II: the adrenergic response. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 11, 373-380.
34. Wright, D.B., & Loftus, E.F. (1999). Measuring dissociation: Comparison of alternative forms of the dissociative experiences scale. American Journal of Psychology, 112, 497-519.
35. Zoellner, L.A., Sacks, M.B., & Foa, E.B. (2007). Dissociation and serenity induction. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 252-262.