The maternal experience of having diabetes in pregnancy

Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners

Volumn 23, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 611-618

  Nolan, Jill A ^a   Mccrone, Susan ^b   Chertok, Ilana R Azulay ^b  

^a WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF NURSING   (United States)

Author keywords

Diabetes; Diabetes type 2; Pregnancy; Qualitative

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INTERVIEW; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY DIABETES MELLITUS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT;

ADULT; DIABETES, GESTATIONAL; FEMALE; FOCUS GROUPS; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS;

EID: 80155129607     PISSN: 10412972     EISSN: 17457599     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2011.00646.x     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Artal, R., Catanzaro, R. B., Gavard, J. A., Mostello, D. J., & Friganza, J. C. (2007). A lifestyle intervention of weight-gain restriction: Diet and exercise in obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 32, 596-601.
2. Baptiste-Roberts, K., Barone, B., Gary, T., Golden, S., Wilson, L., Bass, E., & Nicholson, W. (2009). Risk factors for type 2 diabetes among women with gestational diabetes: A systematic review. American Journal of Medicine, 122, 207-214.
3. Bender, D. E., & Ewbank, D. (1994). The focus group as a tool for health research: Issues in design and analysis. Health Transition Review: The Cultural, Social, and Behavioral Determinants of Health, 4(1), 63-80.
4. Clausen, T. D., Mathiesen, E. R., Hansen T., Pedersen O., Jensen, D. M., Lauenborg, J., & Damm, P. (2008). High prevalence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in adult offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes: The role of intrauterine hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care, 31, 340-346.
5. Corbin, J. M. (1987). Women's perceptions and management of a pregnancy complicated by chronic illness. Health Care for Women International, 8, 317-337.
6. D'Angelo, D., Williams, L., Morrow, B., Cox, S., Harris, N., Harrison, L., ... Zapata, L. (2007). Preconception and interconception health status of women who recently gave birth to a live-born infant- pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS), United States, 26 reporting areas, 2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 56 (SS10), 1-35.
7. Dabelea, D., Snell-Bergeon, J. K., Hartsfield, C. L., Bischoff, K. J., Hamman, R. F., & McDuffie, R. S. (2005). Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) over time and by birth cohort: Kaiser Permanente of Colorado GDM Screening Program. Diabetes Care, 28, 579-584.
8. Emden, C., & Sandelowski, M. (1999). The good, the bad and relative, part two: Goodness and the criterion problem in qualitative research. International Journal of Professional Nursing, 5(1), 2-7.
9. Feig, D. S., Zinman, B., Wang, X., & Hux, J. E. (2008). Risk of development of diabetes mellitus after diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 179, 229-234.
10. Ferrara, A., Hedderson, M. M., Quesenberry, C. P., & Selby, J.V. (2002). Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus detected by the national diabetes data group or the carpenter and coustan plasma glucose thresholds. Diabetes Care, 25, 1625-1630.
11. Gainor, R. E., Fitch, C., & Pollard, C. (2006). Maternal diabetes and perinatal outcomes in West Virginia Medicaid enrollees. West Virginia Medical Journal, 102, 314-316.
12. Galindo, A., Burguillo, A. G., Azriel, S., & Fuente, P. (2006). Outcome of fetuses in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 34, 323-331.
13. Getahun, D., Nath, C., Ananth, C. V., Chavez, M. R., & Smulian, J. C. (2008). Gestational diabetes in the United States: Temporal trends 1989 through 2004. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 198, 525.e1-525.e5.
14. Giorgi, A. (1985). Phenomenology and psychological research. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
15. Greene, J. C. (1990). Three views on nature and role of knowledge in social sciences. In E. Guba (Ed.) The paradigm dialogue (pp. 227-245). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
16. HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group. (2008). Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes (HAPO). New England Journal of Medicine, 358, 1991-2002.
17. Hunt, K. J., & Schuller, K. L. (2007). The increasing prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 34, 173-199.
18. Kim, C., McEwen, L. N., Kerr, E. A., Piette, J. D., Chames, M. C., Ferrara, A., & Herman, W. H. (2007). Preventive counseling among women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 30, 2489-2495.
19. King, R., & Wellard, S. (2009). Juggling type 1 diabetes and pregnancy in rural Australia. Midwifery, 25, 126-133.
20. Lavender, T., Platt, M., Tsekiri, E., Casson, I., Byrom, S., Baker, L., & Walkinshaw, S. (2009). Women's perceptions of being pregnant and having pregestational diabetes. Midwifery, 26(6), 589-595.
21. Lin, C. C., Anderson, R. M., Hagerty, B. M., & Lee, B. O. (2008). Diabetes self-management experience: A focus group study of Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(5A), 34-42.
22. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
23. Liu, J. J. (2007). Health professional shortage and health status and health care access. Journal Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 18, 590-598.
24. Mayfield, J. (1998). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus: New criteria. American Family Physician, 58(6), 1355-1362.
25. Morgan, D. (1988). Planning focus groups. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
26. National Diabetes Data Group. (1995). Diabetes in America (2nd ed.). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH publication no. 95-1468.
27. Nielson, G. L., Moller, M., & Sorensen, H. T. (2006). HbA1c in early diabetic pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Diabetes Care, 29, 2612-2616.
28. O'Conner, J. (2005). Maternal and child health update 2005: States make modest expansions to health care coverage. Washington, DC: NGA Center for Best Practices. Retrieved from
29. Retnakaran, R., Qi, Y., Sermer, M., Connelly, P. W., Hanley, A. J. G., & Zinman, B. (2008). Glucose intolerance in pregnancy and future risk of pre-diabetes or diabetes. Diabetes Care, 31, 2026-2031.
30. Sandelowski, M. (1986). The problem of rigor in qualitative research. Advances in Nursing Science, 8(3), 27-37.
31. Smith, S. L., Black, K., Olson, C. R., & Tessaro, I. (2002). Community entry in conducting rural focus groups: Process, legitimacy, and lessons learned. Journal of Rural Health: Official Journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association, 18(1), 118-123.
32. Spielberg, H. J. (1975). Doing phenomenology, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
33. United States Census Bureau. (2009). State and County QuickFacts. Retrieved from
34. Vincent, D., Clark, L., Zimmer, L. M., & Sanchez, J. (2006). Using focus groups to develop a culturally competent diabetes self-management program for Mexican Americans. Diabetes Educator, 32(1), 89-97.