Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures in pain medicine: A review of anatomy, sonoanatomy, and procedures. part III: Shoulder

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

Volumn 36, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 592-605

  Peng, Philip W H ^a   Cheng, Peter ^b  

^a TORONTO WESTERN HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^b KAISER PERMANENTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; HYALURONIC ACID; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; PLACEBO; STEROID;

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT; ANESTHESIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; DRUG EFFICACY; ECHOGRAPHY; FLUOROSCOPY; HUMAN; HUMEROSCAPULAR PERIARTHRITIS; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; LOCAL ANESTHESIA; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; ROTATOR CUFF; SHOULDER; SHOULDER DISEASE; SHOULDER DISLOCATION; SHOULDER PAIN; SUBACROMIAL SUBDELTOID BURSA; SUBLUXATION; SUPRASPINATUS MUSCLE TENDON; SYNOVIAL BURSA; TENDON;

HUMANS; PAIN MEASUREMENT; SHOULDER; SHOULDER JOINT; SHOULDER PAIN; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, INTERVENTIONAL;

EID: 80055091036     PISSN: 10987339     EISSN: 15328651     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e318231e068     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Peng P, Narouze S. Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures in pain medicine: a review of anatomy, sonoanatomy and procedures. Part I: non-axial structures. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009;34:458-474.
2. Narouze S, Peng PWH. Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures in pain medicine: a review of anatomy, sonoanatomy and procedures. Part II: axial structures. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35:386-396.
3. Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006;10:287-333.
4. Brooks PM. The burden of musculoskeletal disease: a global perspective. Clin Rheumatol. 2006;25:778-781. (Pubitemid 44473138)
5. McBeth J, Jones K. Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007;21:403-425 (Pubitemid 46972006)
6. AIUM Practice Guideline for the Performance of the Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Examination. Laurel, MD: American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). Available at: http://www.aium.org/ publications/guidelines/ musculoskeletal.pdf. Accessed January 10, 2011.
7. American College of Rheumatology Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Task Force. Ultrasound in American Rheumatology Practice: report of the American College of Rheumatology Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Task Force. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62:1206-1219.
8. Klauser AS, McNally E, Chhem RK. Training musculoskeletal ultrasound specialists: European education and clinical guidelines: work in progress. In Deven T, Hibbert KM, Chhem RK. The Practice of Radiology Education. Challenges and Trends. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 2010.
9. Naredo E, Bijlsma JWJ, Conaghan PG, et al. Recommendation for the content and conduct of European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) musculoskeletal ultrasound courses. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:1017-1022. (Pubitemid 351956666)
10. Bianchi S, Martinoli C. Shoulder. In: Bianchi S, Martinoli C. Ultrasound of the Musculoskeletal System. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 2007.
11. Berquist TH, Peterson JJ. Shoulder and arm. In: Berquist TH. MRI of the Musculoskeletal System. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2006.
12. Iannotti JP, Gabriel JP, Schneck SL, et al. The normal glenohumeral relationships. An anatomical study of one hundred and forty shoulders. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:491-500.
13. Totterman SM, Miller RJ, Meyers SP. Basic anatomy of the shoulder by magnetic resonance imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 1994;6:86-93. (Pubitemid 24096800)
14. DeFranco MJ, Cole BJ. Current perspectives on rotator cuff anatomy. Arthroscopy. 2009;25:305-320.
15. Ahrens PM, Boileau P. The long head of biceps and associated tendinopathy. J Bone Joint Surg. 2007;89-B:1001-1009. (Pubitemid 47492791)
16. Nho SJ, Strauss EJ, Lenart BA, et al. Long head of the biceps tendinopathy: diagnosis and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18:645-656.
17. Jost B, Koch PP, Gerber C. Anatomy and functional aspects of the rotator interval. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9:336-341.
18. Petchprapa CN, Beltran LS, Jazrawi LM, Kwon YW, Babb JS, Recht MP. The rotator interval: a review of anatomy, function, and normal and abnormal MRI Appearance. AJR. 2010;195:567-576.
19. Krief OP. MRI of the rotator interval capsule. AJR. 2005;184:1490-1494. (Pubitemid 43821822)
20. Kim KC, Rhee KJ, Shin HD, Kim YM. Modified single-portal type II SLAP repair. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2008;128:1251-1254.
21. Snyder SJ. Shoulder Arthroscopy. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003.
22. Lewis JS. Rotator cuff tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43:236-241.
23. Bureau NJ, Dussault RG, Keats TE. Imaging of bursae around the shoulder joint. Skeletal Radiol. 1996;25:513-517. (Pubitemid 26265721)
24. Buttaci CJ, Stitik TP, Yonclas PP, Foye PM. Osteoarthritis of the acromioclavicular joint: a review of anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;83:791-797. (Pubitemid 40006671)
25. Mazzocca AD, Arciero RA, Bicos J. Evaluation and treatment of acromioclavicular joint injuries. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:316-329. (Pubitemid 46145415)
26. Crass JR, Craig EV, Feinberg SB. Ultrasonography of rotator cuff tears: a review of 500 diagnostic studies. J Clin Ultrasound. 1988;16:313-327.
27. Middleton WD. Ultrasonography of the shoulder. Radiol Clin North Am. 1992;30:927-940.
28. Poncelet E, Demondion X, Lapègue F, Drizenko A, Cotten A, Francke JP. Anatomic and biometric study of the acromioclavicular joint by ultrasound. Surg Radiol Anat. 2003;25:439-445. (Pubitemid 37527131)
29. Sammarcoo VJ. Os acromiale: frequency, anatomy, and clinical implications. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82:394-400.
30. Shaffer BS. Painful conditions of the acromioclavicular joint. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1999;7:176-188.
31. Edelson JG. Patterns of degenerative change in the acromioclavicular joint. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996;78:242-243. (Pubitemid 26097001)
32. Renfree KJ, Wright TW. Anatomy and biomechanics of the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints. Clin Sports Med. 2003;22:219-238.
33. Bain GI, van Riet RP, Gooi C, Ashwood N. The long-term efficacy of corticosteroid injection into the acromioclavicular joint using a dynamic fluoroscopic method. Int J Shoulder Surg. 2007;1:104-107.
34. Hossain S, Jacobs LGH, Hashmi R. The long-term effectiveness of steroid injections in primary acromioclavicular joint arthritis: a five-year prospective study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008;17:535-538.
35. Jacob AK, Sallay PI. Therapeutic efficacy of corticosteroid injections in the acromioclavicular joint. Biomed Sci Instrum. 1997;34:380-385. (Pubitemid 28239457)
36. Kurta I, Datir S, Dove M, Rahmatalla A, Wynn-Jones C, Maffulli N. The short-term effects of a single corticosteroid injection on the range of motion of the shoulder in patients with isolated acromioclavicular joint arthropathy. Acta Orthop. Belg. 2005;71:656-661. (Pubitemid 43088372)
37. Partington PF, Broome GH. Diagnostic injection around the shoulder: hit and miss? A cadaveric study of injection accuracy. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998;7:147-150. (Pubitemid 128646555)
38. Peck E, Lai JK, Pawlina W, Smith J. Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus palpation-guided acromioclavicular joint injections: a cadaveric study. PM&R. 2010;2817-821.
39. Pichler W, Weinberg AM, Grechenig S, Tesch NP, Heidari N, Grechenig W. Intra-articular injection of the acromioclavicular joint. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91:1638-1640.
40. Bisbinas I, Belthur M, Said H, Green M, Learmonth DJ. Accuracy of needle placement in ACJ injections. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14:762-765. (Pubitemid 44598208)
41. Sabeti-Aschraf M, Lemmerhofer B, Lang S, et al. Ultrasound guidance improves the accuracy of the acromioclavicular joint infiltration: a prospective randomized study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19:292-295.
42. Park GY, Park JH, Bae JH. Structural changes in the acromioclavicular joint measured by ultrasonography during provocative tests. Clin Anat. 2009;22:580-585.
43. Patton WC, McCluskey GM III. Biceps tendinitis and subluxation. Clin Sports Med. 2001;20:505-529.
44. Armstrong A, Teefey SA, Wu T, et al. The efficacy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of long head of the biceps tendon pathology. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15:7-11. (Pubitemid 43097325)
45. Zanetti M, Weishaupt D, Gerber C, Hodler J. Tendinopathy and rupture of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle: evaluation with MR arthrography. Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170: 1557-1561. (Pubitemid 28237650)
46. Churgay CA. Diagnosis and treatment of biceps tendinitis and tendinosis. Am Fam Physician. 2009;80:470-476.
47. Alpantaki K, McLaughlin D, Karagogeos D, Hadjipavlou A, Kontakis G. Sympathetic and sensory neural elements in the tendon of the long head of the biceps. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:1580-1583. (Pubitemid 40917759)
48. Tallia AF, Cardone DA. Diagnostic and therapeutic injection of the shoulder region. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67:1271-1278. (Pubitemid 36350447)
49. Cameron BD, Iannotti JP. Alternatives to total shoulder arthroplasty in the young patient. Tech Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2004;5:135-145. (Pubitemid 39100865)
50. Boselli KJ, Ahmad CS, Levine WN. Treatment of glenohumeral arthrosis. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38:2558-2572.
51. Cole BJ, Yanke A, Provencher MT. Nonarthroplasty alternatives for the treatment of glenohumeral arthritis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007;16:S231-S240. (Pubitemid 47446301)
52. McCarron JA. Shoulder arthritis and the young patient. Curr Orthop Pract. 2009;20:382-387.
53. McCarty LP III, Cole BJ. Nonarthroplasty treatment of glenohumeral cartilage lesions. Arthroscopy. 2005;21:1131-1142. (Pubitemid 41323879)
54. Hannajin JA, Chiaia TA. Adhesive capsulitisVa treatment approach. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;372:95-109.
55. Tasto JP, Elias DW. Adhesive capsulitis. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2007;15:216-221. (Pubitemid 351339197)
56. Harryman DT II, Lazarus MD. The stiff shoulder. In: Rockwood CA Jr, Matsen FA III, eds. The Shoulder. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2004:1121-1172.
57. Arroll B, Goodyear-Smith F. Corticosteroids for painful shoulder: a metaanalysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2005;55:224-228.
58. Buchbinder R, Green S, Youd JM. Corticosteroid injections for shoulder pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;1:CD004016.
59. Green S, Buchbinder R, Glazier R, Forbes A. Systematic review of randomised controlled trial of interventions for painful shoulder: selection criteria, outcome assessment and efficacy. BMJ. 1998;316:354-360. (Pubitemid 28121262)
60. Van der Heijden GJMG, van der Windt DA, Kleijnen J, et al. Steroid injections for shoulder disorders: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Br J Gen Pract. 1996;46:309-316. (Pubitemid 26154836)
61. Speed C, Hazleman B. Shoulder pain. Clin Evid. 2003;9:1372-1387.
62. Shah N, Lewis M. Shoulder adhesive capsulitis: systematic review of randomised trials using multiple corticosteroid injections. Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57:662-667. (Pubitemid 47232637)
63. Carette S, Moffet H, Tardif J, et al. Intraarticular corticosteroids, supervised physiotherapy, or a combination of the two in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a placebo controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:829-838. (Pubitemid 36302022)
64. Izquierdo R, Voloshin I, Edwards S, et al. AAOS clinical practice guideline summaryVtreatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010;18:375-382.
65. Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, et al. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16:137-162. (Pubitemid 351222155)
66. Jordan KM, Sawyer S, Coakley P, Smith HE, Cooper C, Arden NK. The use of conventional and complementary treatments for knee osteoarthritis in the community. Rheumatology. 2004;43:381-384. (Pubitemid 38313192)
67. Blaine T, Moskowitz R, Udell J, et al. Treatment of persistent shoulder pain with sodium hyaluronate: a randomized, controlled trial. A multicenter study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90:970-979. (Pubitemid 351632639)
68. Esenyel CZ, Ozturk K, Demirhan M, et al. Accuracy of anterior glenohumeral injections: a cadaver study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010;130:297-300.
69. Eustace JA, Brophy DP, Gibney RP, Bresnihan B, FitzGerald O. Comparison of the accuracy of steroid placement with clinical outcome in patients with shoulder symptoms. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997;56:59-63. (Pubitemid 27060575)
70. Catalano OA, Manfredi R, Vanzulli A, et al. MR arthrography of the glenohumeral joint: modified posterior approach without imaging guidance. Radiology. 2007;242:550-554. (Pubitemid 46146207)
71. DeMouy EH, Menendez CV Jr, Bodin CJ. Palpation-directed (non-fluoroscopically guided) saline-enhanced MR arthrography of the shoulder. Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169:229-231. (Pubitemid 27289641)
72. Porat S, Leupold JA, Burnett KR, Nottage WM. Reliability of nonYimaging-guided glenohumeral joint injection through rotator interval approach in patients undergoing diagnostic MR arthrography. Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191:W96-W99.
73. Sethi PM, Kingston S, Elattrache N. Accuracy of anterior intra-articular injection of the glenohumeral joint. Arthroscopy. 2005;21:77-80. (Pubitemid 40092301)
74. Sethi PM, El Attrache N. Accuracy of intra-articular injection of the glenohumeral joint: a cadaveric study. Orthopedics. 2006;29: 149-152. (Pubitemid 43263405)
75. Kim JS, Yun JS, Kim JM, et al. Accuracy of the glenohumeral injection using the superior approach: a cadaveric study of injection accuracy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;89:755-758.
76. Choudur HN, Ellins ML. Ultrasound-guided gadolinium joint injections for magnetic resonance arthrography. J Clin Ultrasound. 2011;39:6-11.
77. Cicak N, Matasovi T, Bajraktarevi T. Ultrasonographic guidance of needle placement for shoulder arthrography. J Ultrasound Med. 1992;11:135-137. (Pubitemid 23050457)
78. Gokalp G, Dusak A, Yazici Z. Efficacy of ultrasonography-guided shoulder MR arthrography using a posterior approach. Skeletal Radiol. 2010;39:575-579.
79. Fernández GC, Berástegui-Imaz M, Pérez-Arroyuelos I, Prada González R, Velasco Casares M, Tardáguila FM. MR-arthrography of the shoulder. Description and evaluation of the technique using a US-guided pediatric spinal needle. Radiologia. 2008;50:297-302.
80. Koivikko MP, Mustonen AO. Shoulder magnetic resonance arthrography: a prospective randomized study of anterior and posterior ultrasonography-guided contrast injections. Acta Radiol. 2008;49:912-917.
81. Lim JB, Kim YK, Kim SW, Sung KW, Jung I, Lee C. Ultrasound-guided shoulder joint injection through rotator cuff interval. Korean J Pain. 2008;21:57-61.
82. Toit MN, de Villiers R. Anterior approach v. posterior approachVultrasound-guided shoulder arthrogram injection. S Afr J Rad. 2008;12:60-62.
83. Souza PM, Aguiar RO, Marchiori E, Bardoe SA. Arthrography of the shoulder: a modified ultrasound-guided technique of joint injection at the rotator interval. Eur J Radiol. 2010;74:e29-e32.
84. Valls R, Melloni P. Sonographic guidance of needle position for MR arthrography of the shoulder. Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169: 845-847.
85. Cunnington J, Marshall N, Hide G, et al. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study of ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection into the joint of patients with inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:1862-1869.
86. Schaeffeler C, Brügel M, Waldt S, Rummeny EJ, Wörtler K. Ultrasound-guided intraarticular injection for MR arthrography of the Shoulder. Rofo. 2010;182:267-273.87.
87. Rutten MJ, Collins JM, Maresch BJ, et al. Glenohumeral joint injection: a comparative study of ultrasound and fluoroscopically guided techniques before MR arthrography. Eur Radiol. 2009;19:722-730
88. Dépelteau H, Bureau NJ, Cardinal E, Aubin B, Brassard P. Arthrography of the shoulder: a simple fluoroscopically guided approach for targeting the rotator cuff interval. AJR. 2004;182:329-332. (Pubitemid 38116571)
89. Redondo mV, Berná-Serna JD, Campos PA, et al. MR arthrography of the shoulder using an anterior approach: optimal injection site. AJR. 2008;191:1397-1400.
90. van der Windt DA, Koes BW, de Jong BA, Bouter LM. Shoulder disorders in general practice: incidence, patient characteristics, and management. Ann Rheum Dis. 1995;54:959-964.
91. Ostor AJ, Richards CA, Prevost AT, Speed CA, Hazleman BL. Diagnosis and relation to general health of shoulder disorders presenting to primary care. Rheumatology. 2005;44:800-805. (Pubitemid 41487213)
92. Gruson KI, Ruchelsman DE, Zuckerman JD. Subacromial corticosteroid injections. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008;17:118SY130S.
93. Milgrom C, Schaffler M, Gilbert S, van Holsbeeck M. Rotator-cuff changes in asymptomatic adults: the effect of age, hand dominance and gender. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995;77:296-298.
94. Sher JS, Uribe JW, Posada A, Murphy BJ, Zlatkin MB. Abnormal findings on magnetic resonance images of asymptomatic shoulders. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77:10-15.
95. Fukuda H. Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears: a modern view on Codman's classic. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9:163-168.
96. Wolff AB, Sethi P, Sutton KM, Covey AS, Magit DP, Medvecky M. Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14:715-725. (Pubitemid 44952080)
97. Kuhn JE. Exercise in the treatment of rotator cuff impingement: a systematic review and a synthesized evidence-based rehabilitation protocol. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009;18:138-160.
98. Goupille P, Sibilia J. Local corticosteroid injections in the treatment of rotator cuff tendinitis (except for frozen shoulder and calcific tendinitis). Groupe Rhumatologique Francais de l'Epaul (G.R.E.P.). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1996;14:561-566. (Pubitemid 26335482)
99. Grant HJ, Arthur A, Pichora DR. Evaluation of interventions for rotator cuff pathology: a systematic review. J Hand Ther. 2004;17:274-299. (Pubitemid 38725389)
100. Koester MC, Dunn WR, Kuhn JE, Spindler KP. The efficacy of subacromial. corticosteroid injection in the treatment of rotator cuff disease: a systematic review. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007;15:3-11.
101. Johansson K, Oberg B, Adolfsson L, Foldevi M. A combination of systematic. review and clinicians' beliefs in interventions for subacromial pain. Br J Gen Pract. 2002;52:145-152. (Pubitemid 34130178)
102. Crawshaw DP, Helliwell PS, Hensor EMA, Hay EM, Aldous SJ, Conaghan PG. Exercise therapy after corticosteroid injection for moderate to severe shoulder. pain: large pragmatic randomised trial. BMJ. 2010;340:c3037.
103. Foster NE, Dziedzic KS, van der Windt DA, Fritz JM, Hay EM. Research. priorities for non-pharmacological therapies for common musculoskeletal problems: nationally and internationally agreed recommendations. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009;10:3.
104. Rutten MJ, Maresch BJ, Jager GJ, de Waal Malefijt MC. Injection of the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa: blind or ultrasound-guided? Acta Orthop. 2007;78:254-257. (Pubitemid 46676668)
105. Henkus HE, Cobben LP, Coerkamp EG, Nelissen RG, van Arkel ER. The accuracy of subacromial injections: a prospective randomized magnetic resonance. imaging study. Arthroscopy. 2006;22:277-282. (Pubitemid 43330895)
106. Naredo E, Cabero F, Beneyto P, et al. A randomized comparative study of short-term response to blind injection versus sonographic-guided injection of local corticosteroids in patients with painful shoulder. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:308-314. (Pubitemid 38160754)
107. Yamakado K. The targeting accuracy of subacromial injection to the shoulder: an arthrographic evaluation. Arthroscopy. 2002;18:887-891. (Pubitemid 36109611)
108. Kang MN, Rizio L, Prybicien M, Middlemas DA, Blacksin MF. The accuracy of subacromial corticosteroid injections: a comparison of multiple methods. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008;17:61SY66S.
109. Park JY, Siti HT, KS O, Chung KT, Lee JY, Oh JH. Blind subacromial injection. from the anterolateral approach: the ballooning sign. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010;19:1070-1075.
110. Hanchard N, Shanahan D, Howe T, Thompson J, Goodchild L. Accuracy and dispersal of subacromial and glenohumeral injections in cadavers. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:1143-1146. (Pubitemid 43825468)
111. Mathews PV, Glousman RE. Accuracy of subacromial injection: anterolateral. versus posterior approach. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;14:145-148. (Pubitemid 40380781)
112. Rutten MCJM, Maresch BJ, Jager GJ, Blickman JG, van Holsbeeck MT. Ultrasound of the rotator cuff with MRI and anatomic correlation. Eur J Radiol. 2007;82:427-436. (Pubitemid 46783358)
113. Iannotti JP, Ciccone J, Buss DD, et al. Accuracy of office-based ultrasonography of the shoulder for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:1305-1311. (Pubitemid 40756633)
114. Milosavljevic J, Elvin A, Rahme H. Ultrasonography of the rotator cuff: a comparison with arthroscopy in one hundred- and-ninety consecutive cases. Acta Radiol. 2005;46:858-865. (Pubitemid 43102652)
115. Teefey SA, Rubin DA, Middleton WD, Hildebolt CF, Leibold RA, Yamaguchi K. Detection and quantification of rotator cuff tears: comparison of ultrasonographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthroscopic findings in seventy-one consecutive cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86:708-716. (Pubitemid 38436712)
116. Chen MJ, Lew HL, Hsu TC, et al. Ultrasound-guided shoulder injections in the treatment of subacromial bursitis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;85:31-35. (Pubitemid 43004852)
117. Hashiuchi T, Sakurai G, Sakamoto Y, Takakura Y, Tanaka Y. Comparative survey of pain-alleviating effects between ultrasound-guided injection and blind injection of lidocaine alone in patients with painful shoulder. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010;130:847-852.
118. Ucuncu F, Capkin E, Karkucak M, et al. A comparison of the effectiveness of landmark-guided injections and ultrasonography guided injections for shoulder pain. Clin J Pain. 2009;25:786-789.