Rethinking Safety Behaviors in Insomnia: Examining the Perceived Utility of Sleep-Related Safety Behaviors

Behavior Therapy

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 644-654

  Hood, Heather K ^a   Carney, Colleen E ^a   Harris, Andrea L ^a  

^a RYERSON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cognitive processes; Cognitive therapy; Insomnia; Safety behavior

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR CONTROL; BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FATIGUE; FEAR; FEMALE; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; HEALTH BELIEF; HEALTH SURVEY; HELPLESSNESS; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD; ONLINE SYSTEM; RISK ASSESSMENT; SAFETY; SCORING SYSTEM; SLEEP; SLEEP RELATED SAFETY BEHAVIOR; STUDENT; TREATMENT PLANNING;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; FATIGUE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MOTIVATION; PERCEPTION; QUESTIONNAIRES; SAFETY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SLEEP; SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE DISORDERS;

EID: 80055041037     PISSN: 00057894     EISSN: 18781888     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2011.02.004     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 2000, Author, Washington, DC. 4th ed., text rev.
2. Bastien C.H., Vallières A., Morin C.M. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine 2001, 2:297-307.
3. Beck A.T., Steer R.A., Brown G.K. Beck Depression Inventory. Manual 1996, Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX. 2nd ed.
4. Breslau N., Roth T., Rosenthal L., Andreski P. Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: A longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. Biological Psychiatry 1996, 39:411-418.
5. Buboltz W.C., Brown F., Soper B. Sleep habits and patterns of college students: A preliminary study. Journal of American College Health 2001, 50:131-135.
6. Carney C.E., Edinger J.D. Identifying critical beliefs about sleep in primary insomnia. Sleep 2006, 29:444-453.
7. Carney C.E., Edinger J.D., Morin C.M., Manber R., Rybarcyk B., Stepanski E., et al. Examining maladaptive beliefs about sleep across insomnia patient groups. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2010, 68:57-65.
8. Chambless D.L., Caputo G.C., Jasin S.E., Gracely E.J., Williams C. The Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1985, 23:35-44.
9. Clark D.M. Anxiety disorders: Why they persist and how to treat them. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1999, 37:S5-S27.
10. Coren S. The prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances in young adults. International Journal of Neuroscience 1994, 79:67-73.
11. Council J.R., Kirsch I. Explaining context effects: Expectancy and consistency. Contemporary Hypnosis 1996, 13:29-32.
12. Dozois D.J.A., Dobson K.S., Ahnberg J.L. A psychometric evaluation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Assessment 1998, 10:83-89.
13. Edinger J.D., Wohlgemuth W.K., Radtke R.A., Marsh G.R., Quillian R.E. Cognitive behavioral therapy for treatment of chronic primary insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2001, 285:1856-1864.
14. Ford D.E., Kamerow D.B. Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention. Journal of the American Medical Association 1989, 262:1479-1484.
15. Harris A.L., Carney C.E. Are people with insomnia afraid of fatigue?. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies 2009, November, New York, NY.
16. Harvey A.G. I can't sleep, my mind is racing! An investigation of strategies of thought control in insomnia. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 2001, 29:3-11.
17. Harvey A.G. A cognitive model of insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2002, 40:869-893.
18. Harvey A.G. Identifying safety behaviors in insomnia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2002, 190:16-21.
19. Harvey A.G. A cognitive theory and therapy for chronic insomnia. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly 2005, 19:41-59.
20. Harvey A.G., Sharpley A.L., Ree M.J., Stinson K., Clark D.M. An open trial of cognitive therapy for chronic insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2007, 45:2491-2501.
21. Johnstone K.A., Page A.C. Attention to phobic stimuli during exposure: The effect of distraction on anxiety reduction, self-efficacy and perceived control. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2004, 42:249-275.
22. Katz D.A., McHorney C.A. The relationship between insomnia and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic illness. Journal of Family Practice 2002, 51:229-235.
23. Krupp L.B., LaRocca N.G., Muir-Nash J., Steinberg A.D. The fatigue severity scale: Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systematic lupus erythematosus. Archives of Neurology 1989, 46:1121-1123.
24. Lacks P. Behavioral treatment for persistent insomnia 1987, Pergamon Press, New York.
25. Leger D., Poursain B. An international survey of insomnia: Under-recognition and under-treatment of a polysymptomatic condition. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2005, 21:1785-1792.
26. Marchetti L.M., Biello S.M., Broomfield N.M., MacMahon K.M.A., Espie C.A. Who is preoccupied with sleep? A comparison of attention bias in people with psychophysiological insomnia, delayed sleep phase syndrome and good sleepers using the induced change blindness paradigm. Journal of Sleep Research 2006, 15:212-221.
27. McManus F., Sacadura C., Clark D.M. Why social anxiety persists: An experimental investigation of the role of safety behaviors as a maintaining factor. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2008, 39:147-161.
28. Meyer T.J., Miller M.L., Metzger R.L., Borkovec T.D. Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1990, 28:487-495.
29. Morgan H., Raffle C. Does reducing safety behaviours improve treatment response in patients with social phobia?. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1999, 33:503-510.
30. Morin C.M. Insomnia: Psychological Assessment and Management 1993, Guilford Press, New York.
31. Morin C.M. Cognitive-behavioral approaches to the treatment of insomnia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2004, 65:33-40.
32. Morin C.M., Blais F., Savard J. Are changes in beliefs and attitudes about sleep related to sleep improvements in the treatment of insomnia?. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2002, 40:741-752.
33. Morin C.M., Rodrigue S., Ivers H. Role of stress, arousal, and coping skills in primary insomnia. Psychosomatic Medicine 2003, 65:259-267.
34. Morin C.M., Vallières A., Ivers H. Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep (DBAS): Validation of a brief version (DBAS-16). Sleep 2007, 30:1547-1554.
35. Morin C.M., Ware J.C. Sleep and psychopathology. Applied and Preventative Psychology 1996, 5:211-224.
36. Ohayon M.M., Caulet M., Lemoine P. Comorbidity of mental and insomnia disorders in the general population. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1998, 39:185-197.
37. Ohayon, M. M., Roberts, R. E., Zulley, J., Smirne, S., & Priest, R. G. (2000). Prevalence and patterns of problematic sleep among older adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1549-1556.
38. Ohayon M.M., Roth T. Place of chronic insomnia in the course of depressive and anxiety disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2003, 37:9-15.
39. Quinless F.W., Nelson M.M. Development of a measure of learned helplessness. Nursing Research 1988, 37:11-15.
40. Ree M.J., Harvey A.G. Investigating safety behaviours in insomnia: The development of the Sleep-Related Behaviours Questionnaire (SRBQ). Behavior Change 2004, 21:26-36.
41. Ree M.J., Pollitt A., Harvey A.G. An investigation of interpretive bias in insomnia: An analog study comparing normal and poor sleepers. Sleep 2006, 29:1359-1362.
42. Roehrs T., Roth T. Sleep, sleepiness and alcohol use. Alcohol Research & Health 2001, 25:101-109.
43. Salkovskis P.M. The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account. Behavioural Psychotherapy 1991, 19:6-19.
44. Salkovskis P.M., Clark D.M., Hackmann A., Wells A., Gelder M.G. An experimental investigation of the role of safety-seeking behaviours in the maintenance of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1999, 37:559-574.
45. Semler C.N., Harvey A.G. An investigation of monitoring for sleep-related threat in primary insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2004, 42:1403-1420.
46. Semler C.N., Harvey A.G. An experimental investigation of daytime monitoring for sleep-related threat in primary insomnia. Cognition and Emotion 2007, 21:146-161.
47. Stöber J., Bittencourt J. Weekly assessment of worry: An adaptation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for monitoring changes during treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1998, 36:645-656.
48. Stoller M.K. Economic effects of insomnia. Clinical Therapeutics 1994, 16:873-897.
49. Tabachnick B.G., Fidell L.S. Using multivariate statistics 2006, Allyn & Bacon, Boston. 5th ed.
50. Tang N.K.Y., Harvey A.G. Effects of cognitive arousal and physiological arousal on sleep perception. Sleep: Journal of Sleep and Sleep Disorders Research 2004, 27:69-78.
51. Tang N.K.Y., Schmidt D.A., Harvey A.G. Sleeping with the enemy: Clock monitoring in the maintenance of insomnia. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2007, 38:40-55.
52. Taylor S., Rachman S.J. Fear and avoidance of aversive affective states: Dimensions and causal relations. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 1992, 6:15-25.
53. Thwaites R., Freeston M.H. Safety-seeking behaviours: Fact or function? How can we clinically differentiate between safety behaviours and adaptive coping strategies across anxiety disorders?. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 2005, 33:177-188.
54. Valko P.O., Bassetti C.L., Bloch K.E., Held U., Baumann C. Validation of the fatigue severity scale in a Swiss cohort. Sleep 2008, 31:1601-1607.
55. Vallido T., Peters K., O'Brien L., Jackson D. Sleep in adolescence: A review of issues for nursing practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2009, 18:1819-1826.
56. Walsh J.K. Clinical and socioeconomic correlates of insomnia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2004, 65:13-19.
57. Wells A., Clark D.M., Salkovskis P., Ludgate J., Hackmann A., Gelder M. Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy 1995, 26:153-161.
58. Woodley J., Smith S. Safety behaviors and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep: Testing a cognitive model of the maintenance of insomnia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2006, 60:551-557.
59. Youngstedt S.D. The exercise-sleep mystery. International Journal of Sport Psychology 2000, 31:241-255.
60. Zoellner L.A., Echiverri A., Craske M.G. Processing of phobic stimuli and its relationship to outcome. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2000, 38:921-931.