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Article 25 of the European Parliament and Council Directive 2003/71/EC on the prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading on a regulated market and amending Directive 2001/34/EC.
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36
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Enterprise Act 2002, s. 204, inserting ss. 9A-E into the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986
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84928607193
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note
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In the European context, the draft Transparency Directive provides a good illustration of the way in which the boundary lines are increasingly blurred. It includes provisions on communications with shareholders and the operation of company meetings, matters which traditionally might be regarded as falling squarely within the company law field.
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45
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84928609866
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note
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In some Member States stock exchanges discharge some of these supervisory responsibilities but there is a trend, supported by the Prospectus and draft Transparency Directives, to shift responsibilities to independent securities regulatory agencies.
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47
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84928593848
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Competencies Are Mixed. Responsibilities Are Different. The Result at European Level Is Fragmentation and Often Confusion
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Brussels, European Commission
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〈http://www.manifest.co.uk/services/voteplus.html〉.
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84928622907
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note
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Broadly speaking, this is acknowledged in the Final Report of the Expert Group on Cross-Border Voting in Europe. The Group suggests a mandatory European rule whereby the last accountholder in a chain within a securities holding system is designated the 'ultimate accountholder' and, as such, is entitled to exercise voting rights. However, the Group recognises that this person may not be the person with the real economic interest in the shares and suggests a supplementary rule for such situations, whereby the 'ultimate accountholder' may designate its clients in its place, thus entitling these clients to control the voting rights. The HLG's recommendations on cross-border voting were based on the Expert Group's work. In fact, two members of the HLG participated in the Expert Group.
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