Improved Knockout Methodology Reveals That Frog Virus 3 Mutants Lacking either the 18K Immediate-Early Gene or the Truncated vIF-2α Gene Are Defective for Replication and Growth In Vivo

Journal of Virology

Volumn 85, Issue 21, 2011, Pages 11131-11138

  Chen, Guangchun ^a   Ward, Brian M ^a   Yu, Kwang H ^b   Chinchar, V Gregory ^b   Robert, Jacques ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN;

18K IE GENE; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FROG VIRUS 3; GENE CASSETTE; GENE INSERTION; GENE SEQUENCE; GENE SILENCING; GENETIC CONSERVATION; GENETIC DISORDER; IMMEDIATE EARLY GENE; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; METHODOLOGY; MOLECULAR CLONING; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PUROMYCIN RESISTANCE GENE; RELIABILITY; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; TADPOLE; VIF 2 ALPHA GENE; VIROGENESIS; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS GENE; VIRUS GENOME; VIRUS MUTANT; VIRUS RECOMBINANT; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS VIRULENCE; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

ANIMALS; EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2; GENE KNOCKOUT TECHNIQUES; GENES, IMMEDIATE-EARLY; GENES, REPORTER; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEINS; MUTAGENESIS, INSERTIONAL; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS; PUROMYCIN; RANAVIRUS; SELECTION, GENETIC; STAINING AND LABELING; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; VIRAL PROTEINS; VIRULENCE; VIRULENCE FACTORS; VIRUS REPLICATION; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

FROG VIRUS 3; IRIDOVIRIDAE; RANAVIRUS; XENOPUS LAEVIS;

EID: 80054980312     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: 10985514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.05589-11     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Abbate, J., J. C. Lacayo, M. Prichard, G. Pari, and M. A. McVoy. 2001. Bifunctional protein conferring enhanced green fluorescence and puromycin resistance. Biotechniques 31:336-340.
2. Chinchar, V. G., et al. 2005. Iridoviridae, p. 163-175. In C. M. Fauquet, M. A. Mayo, J. Maniloff, U. Desselberger, and L. A. Ball (ed.), Virus taxonomy: 8th report of the Internal Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier, London, United Kingdom.
3. Chinchar, V. G., and A. Granoff. 1986. Temperature-sensitive mutants of frog virus 3: biochemical and genetic characterization. J. Virol. 58:192-202.
4. Chinchar, V. G., A. Hyatt, T. Miyazaki, and T. Williams. 2009. Family Iridoviridae: poor viral relations no longer. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 328:123-170.
5. Duffus, A. L., B. D. Pauli, K. Wozney, C. R. Brunetti, and M. Berrill. 2008. Frog virus 3-like infections in aquatic amphibian communities. J. Wildl. Dis. 44:109-120.
6. Eaton, H. E., et al. 2007. Comparative genomic analysis of the family Iridoviridae: re-annotating and defining the core set of iridovirus genes. Virol. J. 4:11.
7. Essbauer, S., M. Bremont, and W. Ahne. 2001. Comparison of the eIF-2alpha homologous proteins of seven ranaviruses (Iridoviridae). Virus Genes 23:347-359.
8. Gantress, J., G. D. Maniero, N. Cohen, and J. Robert. 2003. Development and characterization of a model system to study amphibian immune responses to iridoviruses. Virology 311:254-262.
9. Goorha, R., G. Murti, A. Granoff, and R. Tirey. 1978. Macromolecular synthesis in cells infected by frog virus 3. VIII. The nucleus is a site of frog virus 3 DNA and RNA synthesis. Virology 84:32-50.
10. Granoff, A., P. E. Came, and K. A. Rafferty, Jr. 1965. The isolation and properties of viruses from Rana pipiens: their possible relationship to the renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 126:237-255.
11. Gray, M. J., D. L. Miller, and J. T. Hoverman. 2009. Ecology and pathology of amphibian ranaviruses. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 87:243-266.
12. Huang, Y., et al. 2011. Construction of green fluorescent protein-tagged recombinant iridovirus to assess viral replication. Virus Res. 160:221-229.
13. Huang, Y., et al. 2009. Complete sequence determination of a novel reptile iridovirus isolated from soft-shelled turtle and evolutionary analysis of Iridoviridae. BMC Genomics 10:224.
14. Jancovich, J. K., and B. L. Jacobs. 2011. Innate immune evasion mediated by the Ambystoma tigrinum virus eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α homologue. J. Virol. 85:5061-5069.
15. Keesing, F., et al. 2010. Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. Nature 468:647-652.
16. Langland, J. O., J. M. Cameron, M. C. Heck, J. K. Jancovich, and B. L. Jacobs. 2006. Inhibition of PKR by RNA and DNA viruses. Virus Res. 119:100-110.
17. Majji, S., et al. 2006. Rana catesbeiana virus Z (RCV-Z): a novel pathogenic ranavirus. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 73:1-11.
18. Majji, S., et al. 2009. Transcriptome analysis of Frog virus 3, the type species of the genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae. Virology 391:293-303.
19. Mazzoni, R., et al. 2009. Mass mortality associated with a frog virus 3-like Ranavirus infection in farmed tadpoles Rana catesbeiana from Brazil. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 86:181-191.
20. Nieuwkoop, P. D., and J. Faber. 1994. Normal tables of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). Garland Publishing, New York, NY.
21. Pallister, J., et al. 2007. Bohle iridovirus as a vector for heterologous gene expression. J. Virol. Methods 146:419-423.
22. Rothenburg, S., V. G. Chinchar, and T. E. Dever. 2011. Characterization of a ranavirus inhibitor of the antiviral protein kinase PKR. BMC Microbiol. 11:56.
23. Sadler, A. J., and B. R. Williams. 2008. Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8:559-568.
24. Sample, R., et al. 2007. Inhibition of iridovirus protein synthesis and virus replication by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides targeted to the major capsid protein, the 18 kDa immediate-early protein, and a viral homolog of RNA polymerase II. Virology 358:311-320.
25. Schloegel, L. M., P. Daszak, A. A. Cunningham, R. Speare, and B. Hill. 2010. Two amphibian diseases, chytridiomycosis and ranaviral disease, are now globally notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE): an assessment. Dis. Aquat. Organ. 92:101-108.
26. Song, W. J., et al. 2004. Functional genomics analysis of Singapore grouper iridovirus: complete sequence determination and proteomic analysis. J. Virol. 78:12576-12590.
27. Tan, W. G., T. J. Barkman, V. G. Chinchar, and K. Essani. 2004. Comparative genomic analyses of frog virus 3, type species of the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae). Virology 323:70-84.
28. Whitley, D. S., et al. 2010. Frog virus 3 ORF 53R, a putative myristoylated membrane protein, is essential for virus replication in vitro. Virology 405: 448-456.
29. Willis, D. B., and A. Granoff. 1985. trans activation of an immediate-early frog virus 3 promoter by a virion protein. J. Virol. 56:495-501.
30. Yarden, G., R. Elfakess, K. Gazit, and R. Dikstein. 2009. Characterization of sINR, a strict version of the Initiator core promoter element. Nucleic Acids Res. 37:4234-4246.