Morphodynamics of a gully and floodout system in the Sneeuberg Mountains of the semi-arid Karoo, South Africa: Implications for local landscape connectivity

Catena

Volumn 89, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 8-21

  Grenfell, S E ^a   Rowntree, K M ^a   Grenfell, M C ^b  

^a RHODES UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

210Pb; Discontinuous stream; Dryland; Floodout

Indexed keywords

AVULSION; BACKFILL; BADLANDS; CONNECTIVITY; EROSION RATE; FLOODING; FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; GULLY; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; LEAD ISOTOPE; MORPHODYNAMICS; OVERLAND FLOW; PALEOHYDROLOGY; RADIONUCLIDE; RAINFALL; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SEMIARID REGION; TERRACE; THALWEG;

EASTERN CAPE; KAROO; SNEEUBERG; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 80054916721     PISSN: 03418162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2011.09.007     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Aalto R., Dietrich W. Sediment accumulation determined with Pb-210 geochronology for Strickland River flood plains, Papua New Guinea. Sediment Budgets I (Proceedings of symposium S1 held during the Seventh IAHS Scientific Assembly at Foz do Iguaça, Brazil, April 2005). IAHS Publication 2005, 291:1-7.
2. Aalto R., Lauer W., Dietrich W.E. Spatial and temporal dynamics of sediment accumulation and exchange along Strickland River floodplains (Papua New Guinea) over decadal-to-centennial timescales. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113:F01S04. 10.1029/2006JF000627.
3. Appleby P.G., Oldfield F. The calculation of Pb-210 dates assuming a constant rate of supply of unsupported Pb-210 to the sediment. Catena 1978, 5:1-8.
4. Boardman J., Parson A.J., Holland R., Holmes P.J., Washington R. Development of badlands and gullies in the Sneeuberg, Great Karoo, South Africa. Catena 2003, 50:165-184.
5. Brierley G.J., Fryirs K.A. Tributary-trunk stream relations in a cut-and-fill landscape: a case study from Wolumla catchment, New South Wales, Australia. Geomorphology 1999, 28:61-73.
6. Brierley G.J., Fryirs K.A. Geomorphology and River Management: Applications of the River Styles Framework 2005, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
7. Brooks A.P., Brierley G.J. Geomorphic responses of lower Bega River to catchment disturbance, 1851-1926. Geomorphology 1997, 18:291-304.
8. Brooks A.P., Shellberg J.G., Knight J., Spencer J. Alluvial gully erosion: an example from the Mitchell fluvial megafan, Queensland. Australian Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2009, 34:1951-1969.
9. Bull W.B. The alluvial-fan environment. Progress in Physical Geography 1977, 1(2):222-270.
10. Bull W.B. Discontinuous ephemeral streams. Geomorphology 1997, 19:227-276.
11. Bull L.J., Kirkby M.J. Gully processes and modelling. Progress in Physical Geography 1997, 21:354-374.
12. Cooke R.U. The rainfall context of arroyo initiation in southern Arizona. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie Supplementband 1974, 21:63-75.
13. Dean W.R.J., Hoffman M.T., Meadows M.E., Milton S.J. Desertification in the semi-arid Karoo, South Africa, review and reassessment. Journal of Arid Environments 1995, 30:247-264.
14. Dettinger M.D., Diaz H.F. Global characteristics of stream flow seasonality and variability. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2000, 1:289-310.
15. Dotterweich M. The history of soil erosion and fluvial deposits in small catchments of central Europe: deciphering the long-term interaction between humans and the environment - a review. Geomorphology 2008, 101:192-208.
16. Faulkner H. Connectivity as a crucial determinant of badland morphology and evolution. Geomorphology 2008, 100:91-103.
17. Ferguson R.I. Channel form and channel changes. British Rivers 1981, 90-125. Allen and Unwin, London. J. Lewin (Ed.).
18. Finlayson B.L., Brizga S.O. Anastomosing channels and arroyo development on the Nogoa River, Central Queensland. Australian Sedimentary Geology 1993, 85:179-190.
19. Foster, I.D.L., Rowntree, K.M., in press. Sediment yield changes in the semi-arid Karoo: a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of sediments accumulating in Cranemere Reservoir, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Z. Geomorphol.
20. Foster I.D.L., Boardman J., Keay-Bright J. Sediment tracing and environmental history for two small catchments, Karoo Uplands, South Africa. Geomorphology 2007, 90:126-143.
21. Fryirs K.A., Brierley G.J. The character and age structure of valley fills in Upper Wolumla Creek catchment, South Coast, New South Wales. Australian Earth Surf. Processes and Landforms 1998, 23:271-287.
22. Fryirs K.A., Brierley G.J. Slope-channel decoupling in Wolumla catchment, New South Wales, Australia: the changing nature of sediment sources following European settlement. Catena 1999, 35:41-63.
23. Fryirs K.A., Brierley G.J., Preston N.J., Kasai M. Buffers, barriers and blankets: the (dis)connectivity of catchment-scale sediment cascades. Catena 2007, 70:49-67.
24. Godfrey A.E., Everitt B.L., Martín Duque J.F. Episodic sediment delivery and landscape connectivity in the Mancos Shale badlands and Fremont River system, Utah, USA. Geomorphology 2008, 102:242-251.
25. Goodbred S.L., Kuehl S.A. Floodplain processes in the Bengal Basin and the storage of Ganges-Brahmputra river sediment: an accretion study using 137Cs and 210Pb geochronology. Sedimentary Geology 1998, 121:239-258.
26. Grenfell M.C., Ellery W.N., Grenfell S.E. Valley morphodynamics and sediment cascades within a wetland system in the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg foothills, eastern South Africa. Catena 2009, 78:20-35.
27. Heller P.L., Paola C. Downstream changes in alluvial architecture: an exploration of controls on channel stacking patterns. Journal of Sedimentary Research 1996, 66:297-306.
28. Holmes P.J., Boardman J., Parsons A.J., Marker M.E. Geomorphological palaeoenvironments of the Sneeuberg Range, Great Karoo, South Africa. Journal Quaternary Science 2003, 18(8):801-813.
29. Johnson M.R., van Vuuren C.J., Visser J.N.J., Cole D.I., de V., Wickens H., Christie A.D.M., Roberts D.L., Brandl G. Sedimentary rocks of the Karoo Supergroup. The Geology of South Africa. Council for Geoscience, Pretoria, Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg 2006, 461-499. M.R. Johnson, C.R. Anhaeusser, R.J. Thomas (Eds.).
30. Keay-Bright J., Boardman J. Changes in the distribution of degraded land over time in the central Karoo, South Africa. Catena 2006, 67:1-14.
31. Keay-Bright J., Boardman J. Evidence from field-based studies of rates of soil erosion on degraded land in the central Karoo, South Africa. Geomorphology 2009, 103:455-465.
32. Kirkby M.J., Bracken L.J. Gully processes and gully dynamics. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2009, 34:1841-1851.
33. Kotze D.C., Hughes J.C., Breen C.M., Klug J.R. The Development of a Wetland Soils Classification System for KwaZulu-Natal 1994, Water Research Commission, Pretoria, Report 501/4/94, 32 pp.
34. Longmore M.E. The caesium dating technique and associated applications in Australia. Archaeometry: An Australian Perspective 1982, 310-321. ANU Press, Canberra. W. Ambrose, P. Duerden (Eds.).
35. Mack G.H., James W.C., Monger H.C. Classification of palaeosols. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1993, 105:129-136.
36. Mackey S.D., Bridge J.S. Three dimensional model of alluvial stratigraphy: theory and application. Journal of Sedimentary Research 1995, B65:7-31.
37. Mucina L., Rutherford M.C., Palmer A.R., Milton S.J., Scott L., Wendy-Lloyd J., van der Merwe B., Hoare D.B., Bezuidenhout H., Vlok J.H.J., Euston-Brown D.I.W., Powrie L.W., Dold A.P. Nama-Karoo biome. The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland 2006, 324-347. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. L. Mucina, M.C. Rutherford (Eds.).
38. Neville D., Sampson B.E., Sampson C.G. The frontier wagon track system in the Seacow River valley, north-eastern Cape. South African Archaeol Bulletin 1994, 49:65-72.
39. Nichols G.J., Fisher J.A. Processes, facies and architecture of fluvial distributary system deposits. Sedimentary Geology 2007, 195:75-90.
40. Patton P.C., Schumm S.A. Gully erosion, Northwestern Colorado: a threshold phenomena. Geol 1975, 3(2):88-89.
41. Patton P.C., Schumm S.A. Ephemeral-stream processes: implications for studies of quaternary valley fills. Quaternary Research 1981, 15:24-43.
42. Peel M.C., McMahon T.A., Finlayson B.L., Watson F.G.R. Identification and explanation of continental differences in the variability of annual runoff. Journal of Hydrology 2001, 250:224-240.
43. Prosser I.P. A comparison of past and present episodes of gully erosion at Wangrah Creek, Southern Tablelands, New South Wales. Australian Geographical Studies 1991, 29:139-154.
44. Prosser I.P., Slade C.J. Gully formation and the role of valley-floor vegetation, southeastern Australia. Geol 1994, 22:1127-1130.
45. Prosser I.P., Winchester S.J. History and processes of gully initiation and development in eastern Australia. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie Supplementband 1996, 105:91-109.
46. Prosser I.P., Chappell J., Gillespie R. Holocene valley aggradation and gully erosion in headwater catchments, south-eastern highlands of Australia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 1994, 19:465-480.
47. Schulze R.E. South African Atlas of Agrohydrology & Climatology 1997, Water Research Commission Report No TT82/96, Pretoria.
48. Schumm S.A. Geomorphic thresholds: the concept and its applications. Transactions of the Institution British Geography NS 1979, 4:485-515.
49. Slingerland R., Smith N.D. River avulsions and their deposits. Annual Review Earth Planetary Science 2004, 32:257-284.
50. Soil Survey Staff Keys to Soil Taxonomy. U.S. Dept. Agri. Nat. Res. Conserv. Serv. 1998, 327 pp. 8th edition.
51. Todd S. Process deduction from fluvial sedimentary structures. Advances in Fluvial Dynamics and Stratigraphy 1996, 299-350. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. P.A. Carling, M.R. Dawson (Eds.).
52. Tooth S. Downstream changes in dryland river channels: the Northern Plains of arid central Australia. Geomorphology 2000, 34:33-54.
53. Wasson R.J., Mazari R.K., Starr B., Clifton G. The recent history of erosion and sedimentation on the Southern Tablelands of southeastern Australia: sediment flux dominated by channel incision. Geomorphology 1998, 24:291-308.
54. Wentworth C.K. A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. Journal of Geology 1922, 30:377-392.
55. Whitlow R. Gullying within wetlands in Zimbabwe: gully development and factors influencing gully growth. South Africa Geography Journal 1994, 76(2):41-48.