River avulsions and their deposits

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Volumn 32, Issue , 2004, Pages 257-285

  Slingerland, Rudy ^a   Smith, Norman D ^b  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

Author keywords

Alluvial; Floodplains; Floods; Fluvial; Stream channels

Indexed keywords

DATA REDUCTION; FLOODS; IRRIGATION CANALS; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; STABILITY; STRATIGRAPHY;

AVULSION; FLOOD-PLAINS;

RIVERS;

AVULSION; CHANNEL CHANGE; FLOODPLAIN; FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY;

EID: 3042519099     PISSN: 00846597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.earth.32.101802.120201     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Abbado D, Slingerland R, Smith ND. 2004. The origin of anastomosis on the Columbia River, British Columbia, Canada. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology, ed. MD Blum, SB Marriott, S Leclair Spec. Publ. No. 35. Lincoln, NE: Int. Assoc. Sedimentol. In press
2. Allen JRL. 1965. A review of the review of the origin and characteristics of recent alluvial sediments. Sedimentology 5:89-191
3. Anonymous. 2001. report and recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors on a proposal loan and technical assistance grant to the People's Republic of China for the Yellow River Flood Management (Sector) Project. Asian Dev. Bank RRP: PRC 33165 August
4. Aslan A, Blum MD. 1999. Contrasting styles of Holocene avulsion, Texas Gulf Coastal Plain, USA. See Smith & Rogers 1999
5. Barry JM. 1997. Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America. New York: Simon & Schuster. 524 pp.
6. Berendsen HJA, Stouthamer E. 2000. Late Weichselian Holocene palaeogeography of the Rhine-Meuse delta. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 161:311-35
7. Bolla Pittaluga M, Repetto R, Tubino M. 2003. Channel bifurcations in braided rivers: equilibrium configurations and stability. Water Resour. Res. 39(3):1046; doi:10.1029/ 2001ATR001112
8. Bridge JS, Bennett SJ. 1992. A model for the entrainment and transport of sediment grains of mixed sizes, shapes, and densities. Water Resour. Res. 28:337-63
9. Bridge JS, Leeder MR. 1979. A simulation model of alluvial stratigraphy. Sedimentology 26:61744
10. Bristow CS. 1999a. Gradual avulsion river metamorphosis and reworking by underfit streams: a modern example from the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh and a possible ancient example in the Spanish Pyrenees. See Smith & Rogers 1999, 28:221-30
11. Bristow CS. 1999b. Crevasse splays from the rapidly aggrading sand-bed braided Niobrara River, Nebraska: effect of base-level rise. Sedimentology 46:1029-47
12. Brizga SO, Finlayson BL. 1990. Channel avulsion and river metamorphosis: the case of the Thompson River, Victoria, Australia. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 15:391-404
13. Bryant M, Falk P, Paola C. 1995. Experimental study of avulsion frequency and rate of deposition. Geology 23(4):365-68
14. Chrzastowski MJ, Killey MM, Bauer RA, DuMontelle PB, Erdmann AL, et al. 1994. The Great Flood of 1993. Ill. State Geol. Surv. Spec. Rep. 2. 45 pp.
15. Coleman JM. 1969. Brahmaputra River: channel processes and sedimentation. Sediment. Geol. 3:129-239
16. Davies-Vollum KS, Kraus MJ. 2001. A relationship between alluvial backswamps and avulsion cycles: an example from the Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Sediment. Geol. 40:235-49
17. DesLoges JR, Church M. 1987. Channel and floodplain facies in a wandering gravel-bed river. In Recent Developments in Fluvial Sedimentology, ed. FG Ethridge, RM Flores, MD Harvey, Spec. Publ. 39:99-109. Tulsa, OK: SEPM
18. Dury GH. 1964. Principles of underfit streams. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., Rep. P 0452-A, pp. A1-67
19. Ethridge FG, Skelly RL, Bristow CS. 1999. Avulsion and crevassing in the sandy braided Niobrara River: complex response to base- level rise and aggradation. See Smith & Rogers 1999, 28:171-91
20. Fisk HN. 1944. Geological investigation of the alluvial valley of the lower Mississippi River. U.S. Army Corps Eng., Mississippi River Comm. Rep., Vicksburg, Mississippi
21. Gibling MR, Nanson GR, Maroulis JC. 1998. Anastomosing river sedimentation in the Channel Country of central Australia. Sedimentology 45:595-619
22. Gilvear DJ, Harrison DJ. 199 1. Channel change and the significance of floodplain stratigraphy: 1990 flood event lower River Tay, Scotland. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 16:753-61
23. Gomez B, Mertes LAK, Phillips JD, Magilligan FJ, James LA. 1995. Sediment characteristics of an extreme flood: 1993 upper Mississippi River valley. Geology 23:963-66
24. Guccione MJ, Burford MF, Kendall MG. 1999. Permiscot Bayou, a large distributary of the Mississippi River and a possible failed avulsion. See Smith & Rogers 1999, 28:211-18
25. Heller PL, Paola C. 1996. Downstream changes in alluvial architecture: an exploration of controls on channel-stacking patterns. J. Sediment. Res. 66(2):297-306
26. Ikeda S, Parker G, Sawai K. 1981. Bend theory of river meanders, part 1, Linear development. J. Fluid Mech. 112:363-77
27. Jones LS, Schumm SA. 1999. Causes of avulsion: an overview. See Smith & Rogers 1999, 28:171-78
28. Khan IA, Bridge JS, Kappelman J, Wilson R. 1997. Evolution of Miocene fluvial environments, eastern Potwar plateaus, northern Pakistan. Sedimentology 44:221-51
29. King WA, Martini IP 1983. Morphology and recent sediments of the lower anastomosing reaches of the Attawapiskat River, James Bay, Ontario, Canada. Sediment. Geol. 37:581-98
30. Knighton AD, Nanson GC. 1993. Anastomosis and the continuum of the channel pattern. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 18:613-25
31. Kraus MJ. 1996. Avulsion deposits in lower Eocene alluvial rocks Bighorn Basin Wyoming. J. Sediment. Res. 66:354-63
32. Kraus MJ, Aslan A. 1993. Eocene hydromorphic paleosols: significance for interpreting ancient floodplain processes. J. Sediment. Petrol. 63:453-63
33. Kraus MJ, Gwinn B. 1997. Facies and facies architecture of Paleogene floodplain deposits, Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA. Sediment. Geol. 114:33-54
34. Kraus MJ, Wells TM. 1999. Recognizing avulsion deposits in the ancient stratigraphical record. See Smith & Rogers, 1999 28:251-68
35. Kuiper E. 1960. Sediment transport and delta formation. J. Hydraul. Div. 86(HY 2):55-68
36. Leeder MR. 1978. A quantitative stratigraphic model for alluvium with special reference to channel deposit density and interconnectedness. In Fluvial Sedimentology, ed. AD Miall, 5:587-96. Calgary: Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol.
37. Mackey SD, Bridge JS. 1995. Three- dimensional model of alluvial stratigraphy: theory and application. J. Sediment. Res. B65:7-31
38. Makaske B. 1998. Anastomosing Rivers: Forms, Processes and Sediments. Ned. Geogr. Stud., Vol. 249. Koninklijk, Neth: Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen Univ. Utrecht. 287 pp.
39. Makaske B. 2001. Anastomosing rivers: a review of their classification, origin and sedimentary products. Earth Sci. Rev. 53:149-96
40. Makaske B, Smith DG, Berendsen HJA. 2002. Avulsions, channel evolution and floodplain sedimentation rates of the anastomosing upper Columbia River, British Columbia. Sedimentology 49:1049-71
41. Matthews RK. 1984. Dynamic Stratigraphy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 489 pp. 2nd ed.
42. McCarthy TS, Ellery WN, Stanistreet IG. 1992. Avulsion mechanisms on the Okavango Fan, Botswana: the control of a fluvial system by vegetation. Sedimentology 39:779-95
43. Mc Tigue DE 1981. Mixture theory for suspended sediment transport. J. Hydraul. Div. 107:659-73
44. Miller JR. 1991. Development of anastomosing channels in south-central Indiana. Geomorphology 4:221-29
45. Mike K. 1975. Utilization of the analysis of ancient river beds for the detection of Holocene crustal movements. Tectonophysics 29:359-68
46. Mohrig D, Heller PL, Paola C, Lyons WJ. 2000. Interpreting avulsion process from ancient alluvial sequences: Guadalope-Matarranya system (Northern Spain) and Wasatch Formation (Western Colorado). Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 112:1787-803
47. Morozova GS, Smith ND. 1999. Holocene avulsion history of the lower Saskatchewan fluvial system, Cumberland Marshes, Saskatchewan-Manitoba, Canada. See Smith & Rogers 1999, 28:231-49
48. Morozova GS, Smith ND. 2000. Holocene avulsion styles and sedimentation patterns of the Saskatchewan River, Cumberland Marshes, Canada. Sediment. Geol. 130:81-105
49. Nadon GC. 1994. The genesis and recognition of anastomosed fluvial deposits: data from the St. Mary River Formation, south- western Alberta, Canada. J. Sediment. Res. B64(4):451-63
50. Nanson GC, Knighton AD. 1996. Anabranching rivers: their cause, character classification. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 21:217-39
51. Nanson GC, Huang HQ. 1999. Anabranching rivers; divided efficiency leading to fluvial diversity. Geomorphology 7:477-94
52. O'Brien PE, Well AT. 1986. A small alluvial crevasse splay. J. Sediment. Petrol. 56:876-79
53. Peakall J, Leeder M, Best J, Ashworth P. 2000. River response to lateral ground tilting: a synthesis and some implications for the modeling of alluvial architecture in extensional basins. Basin Res. 12:413-24
54. Pérez-Arlucea M, Smith ND. 1999. Depositional patterns following the 1870s avulsion of the Saskatchewan River (Cumberland Marshes, Saskatchewan, Canada). J. Sediment. Res. 69:62-73
55. Qian Ning. 1990. Fluvial processes in the lower Yellow River after levee breaching at Tongwaxiang in 1855. Int. J. SedimentRes. 5:1-13
56. Ren Z, Shunan X. 1990. Prognosis of aggradation in the lower Yellow River by historic analysis of the morphology of its abandoned ancient channel. Int. J. Sediment Res. 5(2):15-29
57. Richards K, Chandra S, Friend P. 1993. Avulsion channel systems: characteristics and examples. In Braided Rivers, ed. JL Best, CS Bristow, Spec. Pub. 75:195-203. London, UK: Geol. Soc. London
58. Schunim SA, Erskine WD, Tilleard JW. 1996. Morphology, hydrology, and evolution of the anastomosing Ovens and King Rivers, Victoria, Australia. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 108:1212-24
59. Schumann RR. 1989. Morphology of Red Creek, Wyoming, an arid-region anastomosing channel system. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 14:277-88
60. Sinha R. 1996. Channel avulsion and floodplain structure in the Gandak-Kosi interfan, north Bihar plains, India. Z. Geomorph. 103:249-68
61. Slingerland R, Smith ND. 1998. Necessary conditions for a meandering-river avulsion. Geology 26:435-38
62. Smith DG. 1983. Anastomosed fluvial deposits: modern examples from Western Canada. In Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems, ed. J Collinson, J Lewin, Spec. Publ. Int. Assoc. Sedimentol. 6:155-68. Oxford: Blackwell
63. Smith DG. 1986. Anastomosing river deposits, sedimentation rates and basin subsidence, Magdalena River, northwestern Colombia, South America. Sediment. Geol. 46:177-96
64. Smith DG, Smith ND. 1980. Sedimentation in anastomosing river systems: examples from alluvial valleys near Banff, Alberta. J. Sediment. Petrol. 50:157-64
65. Smith ND, Cross TA, Dufficy JP, Clough SR. 1989. Anatomy of an avulsion. Sedimentology 36:1-23
66. Smith ND, Pérez-Arlucea M. 1994. Fine- grained splay deposition in the avulsion belt of the lower Saskatchewan River, Canada. J. Sediment. Res. B64:159-68
67. Smith ND, McCarty TS, Ellery WN, Merry CL, Ruther H. 1997. Avulsion and anastomosis in the panhandle region of the Okavango Fan, Botswana. Geomorphology 20:49-65
68. Smith ND, Rogers J, eds. 1999. Fluvial Sedimentology VL Spec. Pub. Int. Assoc. Sedimentol. Oxford, UK: Blackwell
69. Smith ND, Slingerland RL, Perez-Arlucea M, Morozova GS. 1998. The 1870s avulsion of the Saskatchewan River. Can. J. Earth Sci. 35:453-66
70. Soong TWM, Yean Zhao. 1994. The flood and sediment characteristics of the Lower Yellow River in China. Water Int. 19:129-37
71. Speight JG. 1965. Flow and channel characteristics of the Angabunga River, Papua. J. Hydrol. 3:16-36
72. Stouthamer E, Berendsen HJA. 2000. Factors controlling the Holocene avulsion history of the Rhine-Meuse delta (The Netherlands). J. Sediment. Res. 70(5):1051-64
73. Stouthamer E. 2001a. Holocene vulsions in the Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands. PhD thesis, Utrecht Univ., The Netherlands. 209 pp.
74. Stouthamer E. 2001b. Sedimentary products of avulsions in the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta, The Netherlands. Sediment. Geol. 145:73-92
75. Stouthamer E, Berendsen HJA. 2001. Avulsion frequency, avulsion duration, and interavulsion period of Holocene channel belts in the Rhine-Meuse Delta, The Netherlands. J. Sediment. Res. 71:589-98
76. Tömqvist TE. 1994. Middle and late Holocene avulsion history of the River Rhine (Rhine- Meuse delta, Netherlands). Geology 22:711-14
77. Tömqvist TE, Bridge JS. 2002. Spatial variation of overbank aggradation rate and its influence on avulsion frequency. Sedimentology 49:891-905
78. Tye RS, Coleman JM. 1989a. Depositional processes and stratigraphy of fluvially dominated lacustrine deltas: Mississippi delta plain. J. Sediment. Petrol. 59:973-96
79. Tye RS, Coleman JM. 1989b. Evolution of Atchafalaya lacustrine deltas, south-central Louisiana. Sediment. Geol. 65:95-112
80. Wang ZB, De Vries M, Fokkink RJ, Langerak A. 1995. Stability of river bifurcations in 1D morphodynamic models. J. Hydraul. Res. 33(6):739-50
81. Walker RG, Cant DJ. 1984. Sandy fluvial Systems, In Facies Models, ed. RG Walker, Repr. Ser. 1:71-89. Toronto: Geosci. Can. 2nd ed.
82. Wells NA, Dorr JA. 1987. Shifting of the Kosi River, northern India. Geology 15:204-7
83. Willis B. 1993. Ancient river systems in the Himalayan foredeep, Chinji Village area, northern Pakistan. Sediment. Geol. 88:176
84. Willis BJ, Behrensmeyer AK. 1994. Architecture of Miocene overbank deposits in northen Pakistan. J. Sediment. Res. B64:60-67
85. Zahela MJ. 1997. Fluvial and lacustrine palaeoenvironments of the Miocene Siwalik Group, Khaur area, northern Pakistan Sedimentology 44:349-68
86. Zhide Z, Pan X. 1994. Lower Yellow River. In The Variability of Large Rivers, ed. SA Schumm, BR Winkley, pp. 363-467. New York: Am. Soc.Civil Eng.