메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 135-140

Killing for conservation: The need for alternatives to lethal sampling of apex predatory sharks

Author keywords

Conservation; Fisheries; Lethal sampling; Life history; Population status; Scientific sampling; Shark

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION STATUS; DIET; GROWTH RATE; LIFE HISTORY; MORTALITY; POPULATION DECLINE; PREDATOR; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS; SAMPLING; SHARK;

EID: 80054721187     PISSN: 18635407     EISSN: 16134796     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3354/esr00354     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (82)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 79957503925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term individual identification and site fidelity of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, of California using dorsal fins
    • Anderson SD, Chapple TK, Jorgensen SJ, Klimley AP, Block BA (2011) Long-term individual identification and site fidelity of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, of California using dorsal fins. Mar Biol. 158:1233-1237
    • (2011) Mar Biol , vol.158 , pp. 1233-1237
    • Anderson, S.D.1    Chapple, T.K.2    Jorgensen, S.J.3    Klimley, A.P.4    Block, B.A.5
  • 2
    • 34548569922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual specialization in the hunting wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albonigrum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)
    • Araújo MS, Gonzaga MO (2007) Individual specialization in the hunting wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albonigrum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 61: 1855-1863
    • (2007) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.61 , pp. 1855-1863
    • Araújo, M.S.1    Gonzaga, M.O.2
  • 3
    • 45149118948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine and morphological correlates of reproduction in the draughtboard shark Cephaloscyllium laticeps (Elasmobranchii: Scyliorhinidae)
    • Awruch CA, Pankhurst NW, Fusher SD, Stevens JD (2008) Endocrine and morphological correlates of reproduction in the draughtboard shark Cephaloscyllium laticeps (Elasmobranchii: Scyliorhinidae). J Exp Zool 309A:184-197
    • (2008) J Exp Zool , vol.309 A , pp. 184-197
    • Awruch, C.A.1    Pankhurst, N.W.2    Fusher, S.D.3    Stevens, J.D.4
  • 4
    • 70449377158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the dorsal fin spine for chimaeroid (Holocephali: Chimaeriformes) age estimation
    • Barnett LAK, Ebert DA, Cailliet GM (2009) Assessment of the dorsal fin spine for chimaeroid (Holocephali: Chimaeriformes) age estimation. J Fish Biol 75:1258-1270
    • (2009) J Fish Biol , vol.75 , pp. 1258-1270
    • Barnett, L.A.K.1    Ebert, D.A.2    Cailliet, G.M.3
  • 5
    • 77956182074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-lethal method to obtain stomach samples from a large marine predator and the use of DNA analysis to improve dietary information
    • Barnett A, Redd KS, Frusher SD, Stevens JD, Semmens JM (2010) Non-lethal method to obtain stomach samples from a large marine predator and the use of DNA analysis to improve dietary information. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 393: 188-192
    • (2010) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol , vol.393 , pp. 188-192
    • Barnett, A.1    Redd, K.S.2    Frusher, S.D.3    Stevens, J.D.4    Semmens, J.M.5
  • 7
    • 0000033427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative description of the diet
    • Murphy BR, Willis DW (eds), 2nd edn. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD
    • Bowen S (1996) Quantitative description of the diet. In: Murphy BR, Willis DW (eds) Fisheries techniques, 2nd edn. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, p 513-532
    • (1996) Fisheries techniques , pp. 513-532
    • Bowen, S.1
  • 10
    • 0027065229 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary observations on the biology of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, in South Australian waters
    • Bruce BD (1992) Preliminary observations on the biology of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, in South Australian waters. Aust J Mar Freshw Res 43:1-11
    • (1992) Aust J Mar Freshw Res , vol.43 , pp. 1-11
    • Bruce, B.D.1
  • 11
    • 0033133365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-DNA ratio and other nucleic acid-based indicators for growth and condition of marine fishes
    • Buckley LJ, Caldarone E, Ong TL (1999) RNA-DNA ratio and other nucleic acid-based indicators for growth and condition of marine fishes. Hydrobiologia 401:265-277
    • (1999) Hydrobiologia , vol.401 , pp. 265-277
    • Buckley, L.J.1    Caldarone, E.2    Ong, T.L.3
  • 12
    • 84959336870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age determination and validation in chondrichthyan fishes
    • Carrier J, Musick JA, Heithaus M (eds) CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Cailliet GM, Goldman KJ (2004) Age determination and validation in chondrichthyan fishes. In: Carrier J, Musick JA, Heithaus M (eds) The biology of sharks and their relatives. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p 399-447
    • (2004) The biology of sharks and their relatives , pp. 399-447
    • Cailliet, G.M.1    Goldman, K.J.2
  • 13
    • 0038375068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing reproductive potential and gestation in nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) using ultrasonography and endoscopy: an example of bridging the gap between field research and captive studies
    • Carrier J, Murru F, Walsh M, Pratt HL (2003) Assessing reproductive potential and gestation in nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) using ultrasonography and endoscopy: an example of bridging the gap between field research and captive studies. Zoo Biol 22:179-187
    • (2003) Zoo Biol , vol.22 , pp. 179-187
    • Carrier, J.1    Murru, F.2    Walsh, M.3    Pratt, H.L.4
  • 14
    • 0027038370 scopus 로고
    • Revised estimates of age and growth of the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) from the western North Atlantic
    • Casey JG, Natanson LJ (1992) Revised estimates of age and growth of the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) from the western North Atlantic. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 49: 1474-1477
    • (1992) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.49 , pp. 1474-1477
    • Casey, J.G.1    Natanson, L.J.2
  • 16
    • 0027069027 scopus 로고
    • ECOPATH-II: a software for balancing steady-state ecosystem models and calculating network characteristics
    • Christensen V, Pauly D (1992) ECOPATH-II: a software for balancing steady-state ecosystem models and calculating network characteristics. Ecol Model 61:169-185
    • (1992) Ecol Model , vol.61 , pp. 169-185
    • Christensen, V.1    Pauly, D.2
  • 17
    • 0000911810 scopus 로고
    • Sharks caught in the protective gillnets off Natal, South Africa. 2. The great white shark Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus)
    • Cliff G, Dudley SFJ, Davis B (1989) Sharks caught in the protective gillnets off Natal, South Africa. 2. The great white shark Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus). S Afr J Mar Sci 8:131-144
    • (1989) S Afr J Mar Sci , vol.8 , pp. 131-144
    • Cliff, G.1    Dudley, S.F.J.2    Davis, B.3
  • 19
    • 0032535404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic analysis as an aid in shark stock assessment and management
    • Cortés E (1998) Demographic analysis as an aid in shark stock assessment and management. Fish Res 39:199-208
    • (1998) Fish Res , vol.39 , pp. 199-208
    • Cortés, E.1
  • 20
    • 0032701944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks
    • Cortés E (1999) Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks. ICES J Mar Sci 56:707-717
    • (1999) ICES J Mar Sci , vol.56 , pp. 707-717
    • Cortés, E.1
  • 21
    • 0002130845 scopus 로고
    • Diet, feeding habits, and estimates of daily ration of young lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris (Poey)
    • Cortés E, Gruber SH (1990) Diet, feeding habits, and estimates of daily ration of young lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris (Poey). Copeia 1990:204-218
    • (1990) Copeia , vol.1990 , pp. 204-218
    • Cortés, E.1    Gruber, S.H.2
  • 22
    • 35949001305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound examination and behavior scoring of captive broadnose sevengill sharks, Notorynchus cepedianus (Peron, 1807)
    • Daly J, Gunn I, Kirby N, Jones R, Galloway D (2007) Ultrasound examination and behavior scoring of captive broadnose sevengill sharks, Notorynchus cepedianus (Peron, 1807). Zoo Biol 26:383-395
    • (2007) Zoo Biol , vol.26 , pp. 383-395
    • Daly, J.1    Gunn, I.2    Kirby, N.3    Jones, R.4    Galloway, D.5
  • 23
    • 34948885544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and growth of the roughtail skate Bathyraja trachura (Gilbert, 1892) from the eastern North Pacific
    • Davis CD, Cailliet GM, Ebert DA (2007) Age and growth of the roughtail skate Bathyraja trachura (Gilbert, 1892) from the eastern North Pacific. Environ Biol Fishes 80: 325-326
    • (2007) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.80 , pp. 325-326
    • Davis, C.D.1    Cailliet, G.M.2    Ebert, D.A.3
  • 24
    • 33846541957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual re-sightings of photographically identified white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) at an eastern Pacific aggregation site
    • (Guadalupe Island, Mexico)
    • Domeier ML, Nasby-Lucas N (2007) Annual re-sightings of photographically identified white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) at an eastern Pacific aggregation site (Guadalupe Island, Mexico). Mar Biol 150:977-984
    • (2007) Mar Biol , vol.150 , pp. 977-984
    • Domeier, M.L.1    Nasby-Lucas, N.2
  • 25
    • 56749181285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration patterns of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias tagged at Guadalupe Island, Mexico, and identification of an eastern Pacific shared offshore foraging area
    • Domeier ML, Nasby-Lucas N (2008) Migration patterns of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias tagged at Guadalupe Island, Mexico, and identification of an eastern Pacific shared offshore foraging area. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 370:221-237
    • (2008) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.370 , pp. 221-237
    • Domeier, M.L.1    Nasby-Lucas, N.2
  • 26
    • 50149086306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You can swim but you can't hide: the global status and conservation of oceanic pelagic sharks and rays
    • and others
    • Dulvy NK, Baum JK, Clarke S, Compagno LJV and others (2008) You can swim but you can't hide: the global status and conservation of oceanic pelagic sharks and rays. Aquat Conserv 18:459-482
    • (2008) Aquat Conserv , vol.18 , pp. 459-482
    • Dulvy, N.K.1    Baum, J.K.2    Clarke, S.3    Compagno, L.J.V.4
  • 27
    • 0004229975 scopus 로고
    • Macmillan, New York, NY
    • Elton C (1927) Animal ecology. Macmillan, New York, NY.
    • (1927) Animal ecology
    • Elton, C.1
  • 28
    • 33646139662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of isotopic analysis of vertebrae in reconstructing ontogenetic feeding ecology in white sharks
    • Estrada JA, Rice AN, Natanson LJ, Skomal GB (2006) Use of isotopic analysis of vertebrae in reconstructing ontogenetic feeding ecology in white sharks. Ecology 87:829-834
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 829-834
    • Estrada, J.A.1    Rice, A.N.2    Natanson, L.J.3    Skomal, G.B.4
  • 29
    • 84861229497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2010.4. (accessed on 21 April 2011)
    • Fergusson I, Compagno LVJ, Marks M (2005) Carcharodon carcharias. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. Available at www.iucnredlist.org (accessed on 21 April 2011)
    • (2005) Carcharodon carcharias
    • Fergusson, I.1    Compagno, L.V.J.2    Marks, M.3
  • 30
    • 77956304462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age assignment to individual African lions
    • Ferreira S, Funston PJ (2010) Age assignment to individual African lions. S Afr J Wildl Res 40:1-9
    • (2010) S Afr J Wildl Res , vol.40 , pp. 1-9
    • Ferreira, S.1    Funston, P.J.2
  • 31
    • 0033305280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel method for the estimation of age and growth in rajids using caudal thorns
    • Gallagher M, Nolan CP (1999) A novel method for the estimation of age and growth in rajids using caudal thorns. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56:1590-1599
    • (1999) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.56 , pp. 1590-1599
    • Gallagher, M.1    Nolan, C.P.2
  • 32
    • 79953836738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood gas, oxygen saturation, pH, and lactate values in elasmobranch blood measured with a commercially available portable clinical analyzer and standard laboratory instruments
    • Gallagher AJ, Frick LH, Bushnell PG, Brill RW, Mandelman JW (2010) Blood gas, oxygen saturation, pH, and lactate values in elasmobranch blood measured with a commercially available portable clinical analyzer and standard laboratory instruments. J Aquat Anim Health 22:229-234
    • (2010) J Aquat Anim Health , vol.22 , pp. 229-234
    • Gallagher, A.J.1    Frick, L.H.2    Bushnell, P.G.3    Brill, R.W.4    Mandelman, J.W.5
  • 33
    • 26444547503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and growth of elasmobranch fishes
    • Musick JA, Bonfil R (eds) FAO Fish Tech Pap No 474. FAO, Rome
    • Goldman KJ (2005) Age and growth of elasmobranch fishes. In: Musick JA, Bonfil R (eds) Management techniques for elasmobranch fisheries. FAO Fish Tech Pap No 474. FAO, Rome, p 97-132
    • (2005) Management techniques for elasmobranch fisheries , pp. 97-132
    • Goldman, K.J.1
  • 34
    • 0000513844 scopus 로고
    • Biological materials for the study of age and growth in a tropical marine elasmobranch, the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris (Poey)
    • Prince ED, Pulos LM (eds), NOAA Tech Rep NMFS 8, Miami, FL
    • Gruber SH, Stout RG (1983) Biological materials for the study of age and growth in a tropical marine elasmobranch, the lemon shark, Negaprion brevirostris (Poey). In: Prince ED, Pulos LM (eds) Proceedings of the international workshop on age determination of oceanic pelagic fishes: tunas, billfishes, and sharks. NOAA Tech Rep NMFS 8, Miami, FL, p 193-205
    • (1983) Proceedings of the international workshop on age determination of oceanic pelagic fishes: tunas, billfishes, and sharks , pp. 193-205
    • Gruber, S.H.1    Stout, R.G.2
  • 35
    • 70349871280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance of genetic and fin photo identification in the great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, off Mossel Bay, South Africa
    • and others
    • Gubili C, Johnson R, Gennari E, Oosthuizen W and others (2009) Concordance of genetic and fin photo identification in the great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, off Mossel Bay, South Africa. Mar Biol 156:2199-2207
    • (2009) Mar Biol , vol.156 , pp. 2199-2207
    • Gubili, C.1    Johnson, R.2    Gennari, E.3    Oosthuizen, W.4
  • 36
    • 77957745331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal diet and feeding habits of juvenile fishes foraging along a subtropical marine ecotone
    • Hammerschlag N, Ovando D, Serafy JE (2010) Seasonal diet and feeding habits of juvenile fishes foraging along a subtropical marine ecotone. Aquat Biol 9:279-290
    • (2010) Aquat Biol , vol.9 , pp. 279-290
    • Hammerschlag, N.1    Ovando, D.2    Serafy, J.E.3
  • 38
    • 78149409685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving age, growth and maturity estimates for aseasonally reproducing chondrichthyans
    • Harry AV, Simpfendorfer CA, Tobin AJ (2010) Improving age, growth and maturity estimates for aseasonally reproducing chondrichthyans. Fish Res 106:393-403
    • (2010) Fish Res , vol.106 , pp. 393-403
    • Harry, A.V.1    Simpfendorfer, C.A.2    Tobin, A.J.3
  • 39
    • 77957108239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science or slaughter: need for lethal sampling of sharks
    • Heupel MR, Simpfendorfer CA (2010) Science or slaughter: need for lethal sampling of sharks. Conserv Biol 24: 1212-1218
    • (2010) Conserv Biol , vol.24 , pp. 1212-1218
    • Heupel, M.R.1    Simpfendorfer, C.A.2
  • 40
    • 0033214934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma steroid hormone profiles and reproductive biology of the epaulette shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum
    • (Endocrinol Suppl)
    • Heupel MR, Whittier JM, Bennett MB (1999) Plasma steroid hormone profiles and reproductive biology of the epaulette shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum. J Exp Zool (Endocrinol Suppl) 284:586-594
    • (1999) J Exp Zool , vol.284 , pp. 586-594
    • Heupel, M.R.1    Whittier, J.M.2    Bennett, M.B.3
  • 41
    • 77649249258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma steroid concentrations of adult male Atlantic sharpnose sharks, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with notes on potential long term shifts in reproductive timing
    • Hoffmayer ER, Sulikowski JA, Hendon JM, Parsons GR (2010) Plasma steroid concentrations of adult male Atlantic sharpnose sharks, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with notes on potential long term shifts in reproductive timing. Environ Biol Fishes 88:1-7
    • (2010) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.88 , pp. 1-7
    • Hoffmayer, E.R.1    Sulikowski, J.A.2    Hendon, J.M.3    Parsons, G.R.4
  • 43
    • 33646852295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface bands on deepwater squalid dorsal-fin spines: an alternative method for ageing Centroselachus crepidater
    • Irvine SB, Stevens LD, Laurenson LJB (2006) Surface bands on deepwater squalid dorsal-fin spines: an alternative method for ageing Centroselachus crepidater. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 63:617-627
    • (2006) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.63 , pp. 617-627
    • Irvine, S.B.1    Stevens, L.D.2    Laurenson, L.J.B.3
  • 44
    • 77957116045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social oceanography of top oceanic predators and the decline of sharks: a call for a new field
    • Jacques PJ (2010) The social oceanography of top oceanic predators and the decline of sharks: a call for a new field. Prog Oceanogr 86:192-203
    • (2010) Prog Oceanogr , vol.86 , pp. 192-203
    • Jacques, P.J.1
  • 46
    • 0035115173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shark tagging: a review of conventional methods and studies
    • Kohler NE, Turner PA (2001) Shark tagging: a review of conventional methods and studies. Environ Biol Fishes 60: 191-223
    • (2001) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.60 , pp. 191-223
    • Kohler, N.E.1    Turner, P.A.2
  • 47
    • 0003456793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, Menlo Park, CA
    • Krebs CJ (1998) Ecological methodology. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, Menlo Park, CA
    • (1998) Ecological methodology
    • Krebs, C.J.1
  • 48
    • 58449108052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive biology of a pride of lions on Karongwe Game Reserve, South Africa
    • Lehmann MB, Funston PJ, Owen CR, Slotow R (2008) Reproductive biology of a pride of lions on Karongwe Game Reserve, South Africa. Afr Zool 43:230-236
    • (2008) Afr Zool , vol.43 , pp. 230-236
    • Lehmann, M.B.1    Funston, P.J.2    Owen, C.R.3    Slotow, R.4
  • 49
    • 77950022196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable isotope dynamics in elasmobranch fishes
    • Logan JM, Lutcavage ME (2010) Stable isotope dynamics in elasmobranch fishes. Hydrobiologia 644:231-244
    • (2010) Hydrobiologia , vol.644 , pp. 231-244
    • Logan, J.M.1    Lutcavage, M.E.2
  • 50
    • 28444468500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable isotopes from multiple tissues reveal diet switching in sharks
    • MacNeil MA, Skomal GB, Fisk AT (2005) Stable isotopes from multiple tissues reveal diet switching in sharks. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 302:199-206
    • (2005) Mar Ecol Prog Ser , vol.302 , pp. 199-206
    • MacNeil, M.A.1    Skomal, G.B.2    Fisk, A.T.3
  • 51
    • 33748573616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food habits of the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus off the southwest coast of Portugal
    • Maia A, Queiroz N, Correia JP, Cabral H (2006) Food habits of the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus off the southwest coast of Portugal. Environ Biol Fishes 77:157-167
    • (2006) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.77 , pp. 157-167
    • Maia, A.1    Queiroz, N.2    Correia, J.P.3    Cabral, H.4
  • 52
    • 0028946382 scopus 로고
    • Serum steroid hormones and the reproductive cycle of the female bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo
    • Manire CA, Rasmussen LEL, Hess DL, Hueter RE (1995) Serum steroid hormones and the reproductive cycle of the female bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. Gen Comp Endocrinol 97:366-376
    • (1995) Gen Comp Endocrinol , vol.97 , pp. 366-376
    • Manire, C.A.1    Rasmussen, L.E.L.2    Hess, D.L.3    Hueter, R.E.4
  • 53
    • 0038688384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities
    • Myers RA, Worm B (2003) Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities. Nature 423:280-283
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 280-283
    • Myers, R.A.1    Worm, B.2
  • 54
    • 34147110810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean
    • Myers RA, Baum JK, Shepherd TD, Powers SP, Peterson CH (2007) Cascading effects of the loss of apex predatory sharks from a coastal ocean. Science 315:1846-1850
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 1846-1850
    • Myers, R.A.1    Baum, J.K.2    Shepherd, T.D.3    Powers, S.P.4    Peterson, C.H.5
  • 55
    • 0032759678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) in the western North Atlantic, based on tag returns and length-frequencies; and a note on the effects of tagging
    • Natanson LJ, Casey JG, Kohler NE, Colket T (1999) Growth of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) in the western North Atlantic, based on tag returns and length-frequencies; and a note on the effects of tagging. Fish Bull 97:944-953
    • (1999) Fish Bull , vol.97 , pp. 944-953
    • Natanson, L.J.1    Casey, J.G.2    Kohler, N.E.3    Colket, T.4
  • 57
    • 77957194723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and growth of the great hammerhead shark, Sphyrna mokarran, in the north-western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico
    • Piercy AN, Carlson JK, Passerotti MS (2010) Age and growth of the great hammerhead shark, Sphyrna mokarran, in the north-western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Mar Freshw Res 61:992-998
    • (2010) Mar Freshw Res , vol.61 , pp. 992-998
    • Piercy, A.N.1    Carlson, J.K.2    Passerotti, M.S.3
  • 58
    • 0000001728 scopus 로고
    • Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations
    • Ricker WE (1975) Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull Fish Res Board Can 191:1-382
    • (1975) Bull Fish Res Board Can , vol.191 , pp. 1-382
    • Ricker, W.E.1
  • 59
    • 33845719946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass, size, and trophic status of top predators in the Pacific Ocean
    • Sibert J, Hampton J, Kleiber P, Maunder M (2006) Biomass, size, and trophic status of top predators in the Pacific Ocean. Science 314:1773-1776
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 1773-1776
    • Sibert, J.1    Hampton, J.2    Kleiber, P.3    Maunder, M.4
  • 62
    • 0001382956 scopus 로고
    • Food, feeding habits, and estimates of daily ration of the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the Northwest Atlantic
    • Stillwell C, Kohler N (1982) Food, feeding habits, and estimates of daily ration of the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the Northwest Atlantic. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 39:407-414
    • (1982) Can J Fish Aquat Sci , vol.39 , pp. 407-414
    • Stillwell, C.1    Kohler, N.2
  • 63
    • 33750589337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the composite parameters of reproductive morphology, histology and steroid hormones to determine age and size at sexual maturity for the thorny skate, Amblyraja radiata, in the western Gulf of Maine
    • Sulikowski JA, Kneebone J, Elzey S, Howell WH, Tsang PCW (2006) Using the composite parameters of reproductive morphology, histology and steroid hormones to determine age and size at sexual maturity for the thorny skate, Amblyraja radiata, in the western Gulf of Maine. J Fish Biol 69:1449-1465
    • (2006) J Fish Biol , vol.69 , pp. 1449-1465
    • Sulikowski, J.A.1    Kneebone, J.2    Elzey, S.3    Howell, W.H.4    Tsang, P.C.W.5
  • 64
    • 34948845523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiling plasma steroid hormones: a non-lethal approach for the study of skate reproductive biology and its potential use in conservation management
    • Sulikowski JA, Driggers WB, Ingram W, Kneebone J, Ferguson DE, Tsang PCW (2007) Profiling plasma steroid hormones: a non-lethal approach for the study of skate reproductive biology and its potential use in conservation management. Environ Biol Fishes 80:285-292
    • (2007) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.80 , pp. 285-292
    • Sulikowski, J.A.1    Driggers, W.B.2    Ingram, W.3    Kneebone, J.4    Ferguson, D.E.5    Tsang, P.C.W.6
  • 65
    • 80054721422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential use of non lethal techniques to assess the reproductive biology of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias
    • (in press), Domeier ML (ed). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Sulikowski JA, Domeier ML, Williams LJ (in press) The potential use of non lethal techniques to assess the reproductive biology of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias. In: Domeier ML (ed) Global perspectives on the biology and life history of the great white shark. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Global perspectives on the biology and life history of the great white shark
    • Sulikowski, J.A.1    Domeier, M.L.2    Williams, L.J.3
  • 66
    • 40749144439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat specific growth rates and condition indices for the sympatric soles Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) and Solea senegalensis (Kaup 1858), in the Tagus estuary, Portugal, based on otolith daily increments and RNA-DNA ratio
    • Vinagre C, Fonseca V, Maia A, Amara R, Cabral H (2008) Habitat specific growth rates and condition indices for the sympatric soles Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) and Solea senegalensis (Kaup 1858), in the Tagus estuary, Portugal, based on otolith daily increments and RNA-DNA ratio. J Appl Ichthyol 24:163-169
    • (2008) J Appl Ichthyol , vol.24 , pp. 163-169
    • Vinagre, C.1    Fonseca, V.2    Maia, A.3    Amara, R.4    Cabral, H.5
  • 67
    • 0030863674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structuring dynamic models of exploited ecosystems from trophic mass balance assessments
    • Walters C, Christensen V, Pauly D (1997) Structuring dynamic models of exploited ecosystems from trophic mass balance assessments. Rev Fish Biol Fish 7:139-172
    • (1997) Rev Fish Biol Fish , vol.7 , pp. 139-172
    • Walters, C.1    Christensen, V.2    Pauly, D.3
  • 68
    • 34250172370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Piscine patients: basic diagnostics
    • Weber ES, Innis C (2007) Piscine patients: basic diagnostics. Compend Contin Educ Vet 29:276-288
    • (2007) Compend Contin Educ Vet , vol.29 , pp. 276-288
    • Weber, E.S.1    Innis, C.2
  • 69
    • 34548142563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migration and habitat of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the eastern Pacific Ocean
    • Weng KC, Boustany AM, Pyle P, Anderson SD, Brown A, Block BA (2007) Migration and habitat of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Mar Biol 152:877-894
    • (2007) Mar Biol , vol.152 , pp. 877-894
    • Weng, K.C.1    Boustany, A.M.2    Pyle, P.3    Anderson, S.D.4    Brown, A.5    Block, B.A.6
  • 70
    • 33847416740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive biology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) in Hawaii
    • Whitney NM, Crow GL (2007) Reproductive biology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) in Hawaii. Mar Biol 151: 63-70
    • (2007) Mar Biol , vol.151 , pp. 63-70
    • Whitney, N.M.1    Crow, G.L.2
  • 71
    • 78449231421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating ultrasonography as a non-lethal method for the assessment of maturity in oviparous elasmobranchs
    • Whittamore JM, Bloomer C, Hanna GM, McCarthy ID (2010) Evaluating ultrasonography as a non-lethal method for the assessment of maturity in oviparous elasmobranchs. Mar Biol 157:2613-2624
    • (2010) Mar Biol , vol.157 , pp. 2613-2624
    • Whittamore, J.M.1    Bloomer, C.2    Hanna, G.M.3    McCarthy, I.D.4
  • 72
    • 0024909917 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic diet shifts and resource partitioning among piscivorous fishes in the Venezuelan Llanos
    • Winemiller KO (1989) Ontogenetic diet shifts and resource partitioning among piscivorous fishes in the Venezuelan Llanos. Environ Biol Fishes 26:177-199
    • (1989) Environ Biol Fishes , vol.26 , pp. 177-199
    • Winemiller, K.O.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.