메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 14-15, 2011, Pages 1120-1128

Household water treatment systems: A solution to the production of safe drinking water by the low-income communities of Southern Africa

Author keywords

Filters; Household; Safe drinking water; Systems; Treatment; Water borne disease

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL REMOVAL; BIOSAND FILTER; CERAMIC CANDLE FILTERS; CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS; CHEMICAL PARAMETERS; CHLOROPHYLL A; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES; EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES; FIELD STUDIES; HOUSEHOLD; HOUSEHOLD LEVEL; HOUSEHOLD WATER; LITERATURE SURVEY; LONG TERM PERFORMANCE; LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES; MEAN PERCENTAGE; MICROBIAL CONTAMINANT; MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS; MODIFIED DESIGNS; OVERALL COSTS; PATHOGENIC BACTERIUM; REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES; SAFE DRINKING WATER; SAFE STORAGE; SAFE WATER; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SPIKED WATER; STANDARD METHOD; TREATMENT; TURBIDITY REMOVAL; UNITED NATIONS; UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY; VIBRIO CHOLERAE; WATER SOURCE; WATER-BORNE DISEASE; WATER-BORNE PATHOGENS;

EID: 80054075096     PISSN: 14747065     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2011.07.078     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (75)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 67349104822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of organic pollutants and nutrients from olive mill wastewater by a sand filter
    • Achak M., Mandi L., Ouazzani N. Removal of organic pollutants and nutrients from olive mill wastewater by a sand filter. J. Environ. Manage. 2009, 90:2771-2779.
    • (2009) J. Environ. Manage. , vol.90 , pp. 2771-2779
    • Achak, M.1    Mandi, L.2    Ouazzani, N.3
  • 2
    • 80054068610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Public Health Association, AWWA, 1991. Manual of design for slow sand filtration. In: Hendricks, D. (Ed.), AWWA. Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA.
    • American Public Health Association, AWWA, 1991. Manual of design for slow sand filtration. In: Hendricks, D. (Ed.), AWWA. Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, Denver, CO, USA.
  • 3
    • 80054054330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APHA, 2001. Revisions to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (Suppl.). Washington, DC.
    • APHA, 2001. Revisions to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (Suppl.). Washington, DC.
  • 4
    • 34547625216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconsidering 'appropriate technology': the effects of operating conditions on the bacterial removal performance of two household drinking-water filter systems
    • Baumgartner J., Murcott S., Ezzati M. Reconsidering 'appropriate technology': the effects of operating conditions on the bacterial removal performance of two household drinking-water filter systems. Environ. Res. Lett. 2007, 2:1-6.
    • (2007) Environ. Res. Lett. , vol.2 , pp. 1-6
    • Baumgartner, J.1    Murcott, S.2    Ezzati, M.3
  • 5
    • 80054055076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent Appraisal of Ceramic Water Filtration Interventions in Cambodia: Final Report, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, USA.
    • Brown, J., Sobsey, M., 2006. Independent Appraisal of Ceramic Water Filtration Interventions in Cambodia: Final Report, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, USA.
    • (2006)
    • Brown, J.1    Sobsey, M.2
  • 6
    • 80054054509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on Life Span of Ceramic Filter Colloidal Silver Pot Shaped (CSP) Model, Managua, Nicaragua
    • Campbell, E., 2005. Study on Life Span of Ceramic Filter Colloidal Silver Pot Shaped (CSP) Model, Managua, Nicaragua. Research on the Colloidal Silver Impregnated Pot, pp. 17.
    • (2005) Research on the Colloidal Silver Impregnated Pot , pp. 17
    • Campbell, E.1
  • 7
    • 80054081285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CAWST, 2008. Biosand Filter Manual: Design, Construction, Installation, Operation and Maintenance. (retrieved 24.02.10).
    • CAWST, 2008. Biosand Filter Manual: Design, Construction, Installation, Operation and Maintenance. (retrieved 24.02.10). http://www.cawst.org/en/themes/biosand-filter.
  • 9
    • 51949090737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household-based ceramic water filters for the treatment of drinking water in disaster response: an assessment of a pilot programme in the Dominican Republic
    • Clasen T., Boisson S. Household-based ceramic water filters for the treatment of drinking water in disaster response: an assessment of a pilot programme in the Dominican Republic. Water Pract. Technol. 2006, 1(2):1-9.
    • (2006) Water Pract. Technol. , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-9
    • Clasen, T.1    Boisson, S.2
  • 10
    • 34247510156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhea (A Cochrane Review)
    • no. 3. The Cochrane Library, Oxford.
    • Clasen, T., Roberts, I., Rabie, T., Schmidt, W., Cairncross, S., 2006. Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhea (A Cochrane Review), no. 3. The Cochrane Library, Oxford.
    • (2006)
    • Clasen, T.1    Roberts, I.2    Rabie, T.3    Schmidt, W.4    Cairncross, S.5
  • 11
    • 80054074626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a Ceramic Water Filter for Nepal, Master of Science in Civil Engineering Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    • Dies, R.W., 2003. Development of a Ceramic Water Filter for Nepal, Master of Science in Civil Engineering Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    • (2003)
    • Dies, R.W.1
  • 13
    • 80054066751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DWAF, South African Water Quality Guideline, Domestic use, 2nd ed.
    • DWAF, 1996. South African Water Quality Guideline, Domestic use, 2nd ed. pp. 1.
    • (1996) , pp. 1
  • 14
    • 34547646270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Household BioSand Filters in Ethiopia
    • Master of Science in Water Management (Community Water Supply) Thesis, Institute of Water and Environmental Management. Cranfield University, Silsoe, United Kingdom.
    • Earwaker, P., 2006. Evaluation of Household BioSand Filters in Ethiopia. Master of Science in Water Management (Community Water Supply) Thesis, Institute of Water and Environmental Management. Cranfield University, Silsoe, United Kingdom.
    • (2006)
    • Earwaker, P.1
  • 15
    • 80054062635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EPA, 1984. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Turbidity. Drinking Water Research Division, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.
    • EPA, 1984. Drinking Water Criteria Document for Turbidity. Drinking Water Research Division, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC.
  • 16
    • 80054084894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydraulic Properties Investigation of the Potters for Peace Colloidal Silver Impregnated Ceramic Filter, University of Colorado at Boulder College of Engineering
    • Fahlin, C.J., 2003. Hydraulic Properties Investigation of the Potters for Peace Colloidal Silver Impregnated Ceramic Filter, University of Colorado at Boulder College of Engineering.
    • (2003)
    • Fahlin, C.J.1
  • 17
    • 0030019278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of metals in groundwater: an overview
    • Galvin R.M. Occurrence of metals in groundwater: an overview. Water SA 1996, 22(1):7-18.
    • (1996) Water SA , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-18
    • Galvin, R.M.1
  • 18
    • 48749103218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of quality of water from boreholes in Bindura District, Zimbabwe
    • Hoko Z. An assessment of quality of water from boreholes in Bindura District, Zimbabwe. Phys. Chem. Earth 2008, 33:824-828.
    • (2008) Phys. Chem. Earth , vol.33 , pp. 824-828
    • Hoko, Z.1
  • 19
    • 80054058552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BSF Evaluation Report: Summary of all Lab and Field Studies
    • Samaritan's Purse, Canada. (retrieved 20.05.10).
    • Kaiser, N., Liang, K., Maertens, M., Snider, R., 2002. BSF Evaluation Report: Summary of all Lab and Field Studies. Samaritan's Purse, Canada. (retrieved 20.05.10).
    • (2002)
    • Kaiser, N.1    Liang, K.2    Maertens, M.3    Snider, R.4
  • 20
    • 80054077576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the Potters for Peace Colloidal Silver-impregnated Ceramic Filter: Intrinsic Effectiveness and Field Performance in Rural Nicaragua, Alethia Environmental, Allston, Massachusetts.
    • Lantagne, D.S., 2001. Investigation of the Potters for Peace Colloidal Silver-impregnated Ceramic Filter: Intrinsic Effectiveness and Field Performance in Rural Nicaragua, Alethia Environmental, Allston, Massachusetts.
    • (2001)
    • Lantagne, D.S.1
  • 21
    • 80054085102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point of Use Water Treatment in Emergency Response, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
    • Lantagne, D.S., Clasen, T., 2009. Point of Use Water Treatment in Emergency Response, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 80(5), 819-823.
    • (2009) , vol.80 , Issue.5 , pp. 819-823
    • Lantagne, D.S.1    Clasen, T.2
  • 23
    • 0025919022 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium in surface water supplies
    • LeChevallier M.W., Norton W.D., Lee R.D. Occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium in surface water supplies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1991, 57:2610-2616.
    • (1991) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.57 , pp. 2610-2616
    • LeChevallier, M.W.1    Norton, W.D.2    Lee, R.D.3
  • 24
    • 80054057488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relief for the Developing World: City Man Makes Water Safe
    • (retrieved 02.08.10).
    • Legge, G., 1996. Relief for the Developing World: City Man Makes Water Safe. Calgary Herald. (retrieved 02.08.10). http://www.davnor.com/news/archives/august1796.htm.
    • (1996) Calgary Herald.
    • Legge, G.1
  • 25
    • 37649022611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of organic compounds in bottled waters
    • Leivadara S.V., Nikolaou A.D., Lekkas T.D. Determination of organic compounds in bottled waters. Food Chem. 2008, 108:277-286.
    • (2008) Food Chem. , vol.108 , pp. 277-286
    • Leivadara, S.V.1    Nikolaou, A.D.2    Lekkas, T.D.3
  • 27
    • 0028364913 scopus 로고
    • A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply
    • MacKenzie W.R., Hoxie N.J., Proctor M.E., Gradus M.S., Blair K.A., Peterson D.E. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N. Engl. J. Med. 1994, 331:161-167.
    • (1994) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.331 , pp. 161-167
    • MacKenzie, W.R.1    Hoxie, N.J.2    Proctor, M.E.3    Gradus, M.S.4    Blair, K.A.5    Peterson, D.E.6
  • 28
    • 0038178021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of rural schemes in South Africa to provide potable water
    • Mackintosh G., Colvin C. Failure of rural schemes in South Africa to provide potable water. Env. Geol. 2003, 44:101-105.
    • (2003) Env. Geol. , vol.44 , pp. 101-105
    • Mackintosh, G.1    Colvin, C.2
  • 29
    • 0031194112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adsorption and stability of arsenic (III) at the clay mineral-water interface
    • Manning B.A., Goldberg S. Adsorption and stability of arsenic (III) at the clay mineral-water interface. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31(7):2005-2011.
    • (1997) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.31 , Issue.7 , pp. 2005-2011
    • Manning, B.A.1    Goldberg, S.2
  • 30
    • 0031457633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) adsorption on three California soils
    • Manning B.A., Goldberg S. Arsenic (III) and arsenic (V) adsorption on three California soils. Soil Sci. 1997, 162(12):886-895.
    • (1997) Soil Sci. , vol.162 , Issue.12 , pp. 886-895
    • Manning, B.A.1    Goldberg, S.2
  • 31
    • 79960190911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of natural zeolites in environmental remediation: a short review
    • Misaelides P. Application of natural zeolites in environmental remediation: a short review. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2011, 144:15-18.
    • (2011) Microporous Mesoporous Mater. , vol.144 , pp. 15-18
    • Misaelides, P.1
  • 32
    • 79956011064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of metals from landfill leachate by sorption to activated carbon, bone meal and iron fines
    • Modin H., Persson K., Andersson A., Van Praagh M. Removal of metals from landfill leachate by sorption to activated carbon, bone meal and iron fines. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 189:749-754.
    • (2011) J. Hazard. Mater. , vol.189 , pp. 749-754
    • Modin, H.1    Persson, K.2    Andersson, A.3    Van Praagh, M.4
  • 33
    • 33947177512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents - a critical review
    • Mohan D., Pittman C.U. Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents - a critical review. J. Hazard. Mater. 2007, 142:1-53.
    • (2007) J. Hazard. Mater. , vol.142 , pp. 1-53
    • Mohan, D.1    Pittman, C.U.2
  • 34
    • 80054081284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compilation of Guidelines for the Selection and Use of Home Water Treatment Systems and Devices
    • WRC PROJECT K5-1884-3.
    • Momba, M.N.B., 2009. Compilation of Guidelines for the Selection and Use of Home Water Treatment Systems and Devices. WRC PROJECT K5-1884-3.
    • (2009)
    • Momba, M.N.B.1
  • 35
    • 0037287062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microbiological quality of groundwater-derived drinking water after long storage in household containers in a rural community of South Africa
    • Momba M.N.B., Notshe T.L. The microbiological quality of groundwater-derived drinking water after long storage in household containers in a rural community of South Africa. J. Water Supply: Res. Technol. AQUA 2003, 52(1):67-77.
    • (2003) J. Water Supply: Res. Technol. AQUA , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-77
    • Momba, M.N.B.1    Notshe, T.L.2
  • 37
    • 33749252345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abundance of pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae in Nkonkobe drinking water sources
    • Momba M.N.B., Malakate V.K., Theron J. Abundance of pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio cholerae in Nkonkobe drinking water sources. J. Water Health 2006, 04(3):289-296.
    • (2006) J. Water Health , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 289-296
    • Momba, M.N.B.1    Malakate, V.K.2    Theron, J.3
  • 38
    • 52649135677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of enterohaemoragic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water and its predicted impact on diarrhoeic HIV/AIDS patients in the Amathole District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
    • Momba M.N.B., Abongo B.O., Mwambakana J.N. Prevalence of enterohaemoragic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in drinking water and its predicted impact on diarrhoeic HIV/AIDS patients in the Amathole District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Water SA 2008, 34(3/7):365-372.
    • (2008) Water SA , vol.34 , Issue.3-7 , pp. 365-372
    • Momba, M.N.B.1    Abongo, B.O.2    Mwambakana, J.N.3
  • 39
    • 84886000806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation, critical factors and challenges to scale-up of household drinking water treatment and safe storage systems
    • Background Paper on Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) for the Electronic Conference Hosted by USAID/Hygiene Improvement Project (HIP).
    • Murcott, S., 2006. Implementation, critical factors and challenges to scale-up of household drinking water treatment and safe storage systems. In: Background Paper on Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) for the Electronic Conference Hosted by USAID/Hygiene Improvement Project (HIP), pp. 1-39.
    • (2006) , pp. 1-39
    • Murcott, S.1
  • 40
    • 80054081076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and application of nano silver based POU appliances for disinfection of drinking water
    • Nagarajan B., Jaiprakashnarain G.B. Design and application of nano silver based POU appliances for disinfection of drinking water. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 2009, 2(8):5-8.
    • (2009) Indian J. Sci. Technol. , vol.2 , Issue.8 , pp. 5-8
    • Nagarajan, B.1    Jaiprakashnarain, G.B.2
  • 41
    • 58849163850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household Water Storage, Handling and Point-of-Use Treatment
    • (retrieved 02.08.10).
    • Nath, K.J., Bloomfield, S., Jones, M., 2006. Household Water Storage, Handling and Point-of-Use Treatment. A Review Commissioned by IFH. (retrieved 02.08.10). http://www.ifh-homehygiene.org.
    • (2006) A Review Commissioned by IFH.
    • Nath, K.J.1    Bloomfield, S.2    Jones, M.3
  • 42
    • 80054075784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OCHA, 2009. United Nations Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 1999 Regional Update No. 3 - Cholera Outbreaks in South Africa, 9 January 2009
    • OCHA, 2009. United Nations Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 1999 Regional Update No. 3 - Cholera Outbreaks in South Africa, 9 January 2009, pp. 1-7.
  • 43
    • 38049173333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wastewater treatment plants as a source of microbial pathogens in receiving watersheds
    • Okoh A.I., Odjadjare E.E., Igbinosa E.O., Osode A.N. Wastewater treatment plants as a source of microbial pathogens in receiving watersheds. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2007, 6(25):2932-2944.
    • (2007) Afr. J. Biotechnol. , vol.6 , Issue.25 , pp. 2932-2944
    • Okoh, A.I.1    Odjadjare, E.E.2    Igbinosa, E.O.3    Osode, A.N.4
  • 44
    • 38949196011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable colloidal-silver-impregnated ceramic filter for point-of-use water treatment
    • Oyanedel-Craver V.A., Smit J.A. Sustainable colloidal-silver-impregnated ceramic filter for point-of-use water treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:927-933.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 927-933
    • Oyanedel-Craver, V.A.1    Smit, J.A.2
  • 45
    • 0002042822 scopus 로고
    • Removal of As (V) from aqueous systems by adsorption onto geological materials
    • John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, J.O. Nriagu (Ed.)
    • Prasad G. Removal of As (V) from aqueous systems by adsorption onto geological materials. Arsenic in the Environment. Part I. Cycling and Characterization 1994, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. J.O. Nriagu (Ed.).
    • (1994) Arsenic in the Environment. Part I. Cycling and Characterization
    • Prasad, G.1
  • 47
    • 0030297925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of pathogens and indicator microorganisms by a full-scale water reclamation facility
    • Rose B.J., Dickson L., Farrah R.S., Carnahan R.P. Removal of pathogens and indicator microorganisms by a full-scale water reclamation facility. Water Res. 1996, 30(11):2785-2797.
    • (1996) Water Res. , vol.30 , Issue.11 , pp. 2785-2797
    • Rose, B.J.1    Dickson, L.2    Farrah, R.S.3    Carnahan, R.P.4
  • 48
    • 80054084109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Samaritan's Purse, 2001. BioSand Household Water Filter. Samaritan's Purse, Canada.
    • Samaritan's Purse, 2001. BioSand Household Water Filter. Samaritan's Purse, Canada.
  • 49
    • 80054086519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SANS 241, 2006. Drinking Water Standard South African National Standard (SANS). South African Burea of Standards 241 (SABS).
    • SANS 241, 2006. Drinking Water Standard South African National Standard (SANS). South African Burea of Standards 241 (SABS).
  • 50
    • 0033989609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness in the elderly of Philadelphia
    • Schwartz J., Levin R.R., Goldstein R.R. Drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness in the elderly of Philadelphia. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2000, 54:45-51.
    • (2000) J. Epidemiol. Community Health , vol.54 , pp. 45-51
    • Schwartz, J.1    Levin, R.R.2    Goldstein, R.R.3
  • 53
    • 45249114884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point of use household drinking water filtration: a practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world
    • Sobsey M.D., Stauber C.E., Casanova L.M., Brown J.M., Elliott M.A. Point of use household drinking water filtration: a practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:4261-4267.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 4261-4267
    • Sobsey, M.D.1    Stauber, C.E.2    Casanova, L.M.3    Brown, J.M.4    Elliott, M.A.5
  • 54
    • 33749133805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of the biosand filter for E. coli reductions from household drinking water under controlled laboratory and field use conditions
    • Stauber C.E., Elliott M.A., Koksal F., Ortiz G.M., Digiano F.A., Sobsey M.D. Characterisation of the biosand filter for E. coli reductions from household drinking water under controlled laboratory and field use conditions. Water Sci. Technol. 2006, 54(3):1-7.
    • (2006) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-7
    • Stauber, C.E.1    Elliott, M.A.2    Koksal, F.3    Ortiz, G.M.4    Digiano, F.A.5    Sobsey, M.D.6
  • 55
    • 39149121689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Ceramic Silver-impregnated Pot Filters for Household Drinking Water Treatment in Developing Countries, Masters of Science in Civil Engineering Thesis, Delft University of Technology
    • Van Halem, D.S., 2006. "Ceramic Silver-impregnated Pot Filters for Household Drinking Water Treatment in Developing Countries, Masters of Science in Civil Engineering Thesis, Delft University of Technology.
    • (2006)
    • Van Halem, D.S.1
  • 56
    • 57649090609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the sustainability of the silver-impregnated ceramic pot filter for low-cost household drinking water treatment
    • Van Halem D.S., Van der Laan H., Heijman S.G.J., Van Dijk J.C., Amy G.L. Assessing the sustainability of the silver-impregnated ceramic pot filter for low-cost household drinking water treatment. Phys. Chem. Earth 2009, 34:36-42.
    • (2009) Phys. Chem. Earth , vol.34 , pp. 36-42
    • Van Halem, D.S.1    Van der Laan, H.2    Heijman, S.G.J.3    Van Dijk, J.C.4    Amy, G.L.5
  • 58
    • 80054074625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO, 2007. Combating Waterborne Disease at the Household Level: The International Network to Promote Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • WHO, 2007. Combating Waterborne Disease at the Household Level: The International Network to Promote Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • 59
    • 80054065585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO/UNICEF, 2006. Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: The Urban and Rural Challenge of the Decade. World Health Organization/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • WHO/UNICEF, 2006. Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: The Urban and Rural Challenge of the Decade. World Health Organization/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • 60
    • 36549022614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential application of natural zeolite for greywater treatment
    • Widiastuti N., Wu H., Ang M., Zhang D. The potential application of natural zeolite for greywater treatment. Desalination 2008, 218:271-280.
    • (2008) Desalination , vol.218 , pp. 271-280
    • Widiastuti, N.1    Wu, H.2    Ang, M.3    Zhang, D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.