Body mass index in young adulthood and premature death: Analyses of the us national health interview survey linked mortality files

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 174, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 934-944

  Ma, Jiemin ^a   Flanders, W Dana ^b   Ward, Elizabeth M ^a   Jemal, Ahmedin ^a  

^a AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

body mass index; cardiovascular diseases; mortality; neoplasms

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE STRUCTURE; BODY MASS; CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; EDUCATION; ESTIMATION METHOD; ETHNICITY; GENDER; INDEX METHOD; MATURATION; MORTALITY; NUMERICAL MODEL; POPULATION STRUCTURE; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; SURVEY; WEIGHT;

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEATH; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; NEOPLASM; OBESITY; PREMATURE DEATH; RACE DIFFERENCE; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; SUICIDE; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BODY MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CAUSE OF DEATH; COMORBIDITY; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY, PREMATURE; NEOPLASMS; OBESITY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; SEX FACTORS; SMOKING; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 80054071167     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: 14766256     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr169     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, et al. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010; 303(3):235-241.
2. Popkin BM, Gordon-Larsen P. The nutrition transition: worldwide obesity dynamics and their determinants. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28(suppl 3):S2-S9. (Pubitemid 39564310)
3. Burke V. Obesity in childhood and cardiovascular risk. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2006;33(9):831-837. (Pubitemid 44215139)
4. Daniels SR. Complications of obesity in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33(suppl 1):S60-S65.
5. Gill T, King L, Caterson I. Obesity prevention: necessary and possible. A structured approach for effective planning. Proc Nutr Soc. 2005;64(2):255-261. (Pubitemid 40813547)
6. Lloyd-Jones DM, Liu K, Colangelo LA, et al. Consistently stable or decreased body mass index in young adulthood and longitudinal changes in metabolic syndrome components: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Circulation. 2007;115(8):1004-1011. (Pubitemid 46328294)
7. van Dam RM, Willett WC, Manson JE, et al. The relationship between overweight in adolescence and premature death in women. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(2):91-97. (Pubitemid 46780582)
8. Neovius M, Sundström J, Rasmussen F. Combined effects of overweight and smoking in late adolescence on subsequent mortality: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2009;338b496. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.b496).
9. Bender R, Jöckel KH, Trautner C, et al. Effect of age on excess mortality in obesity. JAMA. 1999;281(16):1498-1504. (Pubitemid 29200933)
10. Park HS, Song YM, Cho SI. Obesity has a greater impact on cardiovascular mortality in younger men than in older men among non-smoking Koreans. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35(1): 181-187. (Pubitemid 43205467)
11. Bjørge T, Engeland A, Tverdal A, et al. Body mass index in adolescence in relation to cause-specific mortality: a follow-up of 230,000 Norwegian adolescents. Am J Epidemiol. 2008; 168(1):30-37. (Pubitemid 351881889)
12. McGee DL, Diverse Populations Collaboration. Body mass index and mortality: a meta-analysis based on person-level data from twenty-six observational studies. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15(2):87-97. (Pubitemid 40126638)
13. Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, et al. Body mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1083-1096.
14. Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hartge P, Cerhan JR, et al. Body mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(23):2211- 2219.
15. Pischon T, Boeing H, Hoffmann K, et al. General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(20):2105-2120.
16. Hu FB, Willett WC, Li T, et al. Adiposity as compared with physical activity in predicting mortality among women. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(26):2694- 2703. (Pubitemid 39665323)
17. Jee SH, Sull JW, Park J, et al. Body mass index and mortality in Korean men and women. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(8): 779-787. (Pubitemid 44285583)
18. Yan LL, Daviglus ML, Liu K, et al. Midlife body mass index and hospitalization and mortality in older age. JAMA. 2006; 295(2):190-198. (Pubitemid 43076438)
19. Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, et al. Cause-specific excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2007;298(17):2028-2037. (Pubitemid 350074800)
20. Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al. Body weight and mortality among women. N Engl JMed. 1995;333(11):677-685.
21. Adams KF, Schatzkin A, Harris TB, et al. Overweight, obesity, and mortality in a large prospective cohort of persons 50 to 71 years old. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(8):763-778. (Pubitemid 44285582)
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health Interview Survey. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011. (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm). (Accessed April 18, 2011).
23. WHO Expert Committee on Physical Status. Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1995.
24. Gittelsohn A, Royston PN. Annotated bibliography of cause-ofdeath validation studies. Vital Health Stat 2. 1982;(89):1-42.
25. National Center for Health Statistics. NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Survey (NHEFS)-Calibration Sample for NDI Matching Methodology. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2009. (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ datalinkage/mort-calibration-study.pdf). (Accessed March 31, 2011).
26. Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics. The National Health Interview Survey (1986-2004) Linked Mortality Files: Mortality Follow-up Through 2006. Matching Methodology. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2009. (http://www.cdc. gov/nchs/data/datalinkage/matching-methodology-nhis-final. pdf). (Accessed December 13, 2010).
27. Anderson RN, Miniño AM, Hoyert DL, et al. Comparability of Cause of Death Between ICD-9 and ICD-10: Preliminary Estimates. (National vital statistics reports, vol 49, no. 2). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2001.
28. Pencina MJ, Larson MG, D'Agostino RB. Choice of time scale and its effect on significance of predictors in longitudinal studies. Stat Med. 2007;26(6):1343-1359. (Pubitemid 46380845)
29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NHANES Web Tutorial Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2010. (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/tutorials/NHANES/FAQs.htm). (Accessed December 13, 2010).
30. Grambsch PM, Thernau TM. Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals. Biometrika. 1994; 81(3):515-526.
31. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903- 1913. (Pubitemid 35472129)
32. Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, et al. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a metaanalysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Lancet. 2007;370(9602):1829-1839.
33. Villareal DT, Apovian CM, Kushner RF, et al. Obesity in older adults: technical review and position statement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, The Obesity Society. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(5):923-934. (Pubitemid 43779747)
34. Micozzi MS, Harris TM. Age variations in the relation of body mass indices to estimates of body fat and muscle mass. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1990;81(3):375-379. (Pubitemid 20137291)
35. Pischon T, Nöthlings U, Boeing H. Obesity and cancer. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008;67(2):128-145. (Pubitemid 351543395)
36. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, et al. Body mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet. 2008;371(9612): 569-578. (Pubitemid 351232031)
37. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, et al. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(17): 1625-1638. (Pubitemid 36459468)
38. Jee SH, Yun JE, Park EJ, et al. Body mass index and cancer risk in Korean men and women. Int J Cancer. 2008;123(8): 1892-1896.
39. Burton A, Martin R, Galobardes B, et al. Young adulthood body mass index and risk of cancer in later adulthood: historical cohort study. Cancer Causes Control. 2010;21(12):2069-2077.
40. Carmichael AR. Obesity and prognosis of breast cancer. Obes Rev. 2006;7(4):333-340. (Pubitemid 44564304)
41. Reeves GK, Pirie K, Beral V, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: cohort study. BMJ. 2007;335(7630):1134. (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39367.495995.AE). (Pubitemid 350247286)
42. Parr CL, Batty GD, Lam TH, et al. Body mass index and cancer mortality in the Asia-Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration: pooled analyses of 424,519 participants. Lancet Oncol. 2010; 11(8):741-752.
43. Hernán MA, Taubman SL. Does obesity shorten life? The importance of well-defined interventions to answer causal questions. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(suppl 3):S8-S14.
44. Flanders WD, Augestad LB. Adjusting for reverse causality in the relationship between obesity and mortality. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(suppl 3):S42-S46.
45. Nyholm M, Gullberg B, Merlo J, et al. The validity of obesity based on self-reported weight and height: implications for population studies. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15(1): 197-208. (Pubitemid 46219800)
46. Keith SW, Fontaine KR, Pajewski NM, et al. Use of selfreported height and weight biases the body mass indexmortality association. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(3):401-408.
47. Reither EN, Utz RL. A procedure to correct proxy-reported weight in the National Health Interview Survey, 1976-2002. Popul Health Metr. 2009;7:2. (doi: 10.1186/1478-7954-7-2).
48. Suter PM. Is alcohol consumption a risk factor for weight gain and obesity? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2005;42(3):197-227. (Pubitemid 41656953)
49. Pajari M, Pietiläinen KH, Kaprio J, et al. The effect of alcohol consumption on later obesity in early adulthood-a population-based longitudinal study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2010; 45(2):173-179.
50. Flanders WD, Khoury MJ. Indirect assessment of confounding: graphic description and limits on effect of adjusting for covariates. Epidemiology. 1990;1(3):239-246. (Pubitemid 20300460)
51. Katzmarzyk PT, Janssen I, Ardern CI. Physical inactivity, excess adiposity and premature mortality. Obes Rev. 2003; 4(4):257-290. (Pubitemid 37444220)