Activated carbon supported silicotungstic acid catalysts for ethyl-tert-butyl ether synthesis

AIChE Journal

Volumn 57, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 3171-3181

  Degirmenci, Levent ^a   Oktar, Nuray ^b   Dogu, Gulsen ^b  

^a BILECIK SEYH EDEBALI UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b GAZI UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Activated carbon; Catalyst; Cs STA; ETBE; STA

Indexed keywords

CESIUM SALTS; CS-STA; ETBE; ETBE SYNTHESIS; SILICOTUNGSTIC ACID; SPACE TIME; STA; VAPOR PHASE; WASHING PROCEDURES;

ACTIVATED CARBON; BUTENES; CATALYSTS; CESIUM; ETHANOL; ETHERS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; SALTS;

CATALYST SUPPORTS;

EID: 80053919026     PISSN: 00011541     EISSN: 15475905     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/aic.12524     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. De Menezes EW, Cataluna R. Optimization of the ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) Production Process. Fuel Process Technol. 2008; 89: 1148-1152.
2. Saidakhmedov SI, Kapustin VM, Saidakhmedov AI. Octane-increasing composite additive based on ethanol. Chem Technol Fuels Oils. 2006; 42: 120-123.
3. Ancilotti F, Fattore V. Oxygenate fuels: market expansion and catalytic aspect of synthesis. Fuel Process Technol. 1998; 57: 163-194.
4. De Menezes EW, Cataluna R, Samios D, Da Silva R. Addition of an azeotropic ETBE/ethanol mixture in eurosuper-type gasolines. Fuel. 2006; 85: 2567-2577.
5. Oktar N, Murtezaoglu K, Dogu G, Dogu T. Dynamic analysis of adsorption equilibrium and rate parameters of reactants and products in MTBE, ETBE and TAME production. Can J Chem Eng. 1999; 77: 406-412.
6. Oktar N, Murtezaoglu K, Dogu G, Gonderten I, Dogu, T. Etherification rates of 2-methyl 2-butane and 2-methyl-1-butene with ethanol for environmentally clean gasoline production. J Chem Tech Biotech. 1999; 74: 155-161.
7. Dogu T, Boz N, Aydin E, Oktar N, Murtezaoglu K, Dogu G. DRIFT studies for the reaction and adsorption of alcohols and isobutylene on acidic resin catalysts and the mechanism of ETBE and MTBE synthesis. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2001; 40: 5044-5051.
8. Boz N, Doǧu T, Mürtezaoǧlu K, Doǧu G. Mechanism of TAME and TAEE synthesis from diffuse-reflectance FTIR analysis. Catal Today. 2005; 100: 419-424.
9. Cavani F. Heteropolycompound-based catalysts: a blend of acidic and oxidizing properties. Catal Today. 1998; 41: 73-86.
10. Mestl G, Ilkenhans T, Spielbauer D, Dieterle M, Timpe O, Kröhnert J, Jentoft F, Knözinger H, Schlögl R. Thermally and chemically induced structural transformations of Keggin-type heteropoly acid catalysts. Appl Catal A: Gen. 2001; 210: 13-34.
11. Liu JF, Yi PG, Qi YS. Efficient homogeneous catalysis of heteropoly acid and its characterization through etherifications of alcohol. J Mol Catal A: Chem. 2001; 170: 109-115.
12. 40 heteropolyacids supported on silica by H MAS NMR. CR Chimie. 2005; 8: 1969-1974.
13. Degirmenci L, Oktar N, Dogu G. Product distributions in ethyl-tert-butyl-ether synthesis over different solid acid catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2009; 48: 2566-2576.
14. Varisli D, Dogu T, Dogu G. Ethylene and diethyl-ether production by dehydration reaction of ethanol over different heteropolyacid catalysts. Chem Eng Sci. 2007; 62: 5349-5352.
15. Soled S, Miseo S, McVicker G, Gates WE, Gutierrez A, Paes J. Preparation of bulk and supported heteropolyacid salts. Catal Today. 1997; 36: 441-450.
16. 62 of Wells-Dawson heteropolyacid as catalysts for ethyl-tert-butyl ether synthesis. J Mol Catal A: Chem. 2006; 257: 99-104.
17. Pizzio LR, Caceres CV, Blanco MN. Acid catalysts prepared by impregnation of tungstophosphoric acid solutions on different supports. Appl Catal A: Gen. 1998; 167: 283-294.
18. Chimienti ME, Pizzio LR, Caceres CV, Blanco MN. Tungstophosphoric and tungstosilicic acids on carbon as acidic catalysts. Appl Catal A: Gen. 2001; 208: 7-19.
19. Timofeeva MN, Matrasova MM, Reshetenko TV, Avdeeva LB, Budneva AA, Ayupov AB, Paukshtis EA, Chuvilin AL, Volodin AV, Likholobov VA. Filamentous carbons as support for heteropoly acid. J Mol Catal A: Chemical. 2004; 211: 131-137.
20. Obali Z, Doǧu T. Activated carbon-tungstophosphoric acid catalysts for the synthesis of tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE). Chem Eng J. 2008; 138; 548-555.
21. Berry FJ, Derrick GR, Marco JF, Mortimer M. Silica-supported silicotungstic acid: a study by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Mater Chem Phys. 2009; 114: 1000-1003.
22. Yu X, Guo Y, Li K, Yang X, Xu L, Guo Y, Hu J. Catalytic synthesis of diphenolic acid from levulinic acid over cesium partly substituted Wells-Dawson type heteropolyacid. J Mol Catal A: Chem. 2008; 290: 44-53.
23. Degirmenci L, Oktar N, Dogu, G. ETBE Synthesis over silicotungstic acid and tungstophosphoric acid catalysts calcined at different temperature. Fuel Process Technol. 2010; 91: 737-742.
24. Sellin R, Clacens JM, Coutanceau CA. Thermogravimetric analysis/mass spectroscopy study of the thermal and chemical stability of carbon in the Pt/C catalytic system. Carbon. 2010; 48: 2244-2254.
25. Aparacio M, Castro Y, Duran A. Synthesis and characterization of proton conducting styrene-co-methacrylate-silica sol-gel membranes containing tungstophosphoric acid. Solid State Ionics. 2005; 176: 333-340.
26. +2 from aqueous solution. Chin J Chem Eng. 2008; 16: 401-406.
27. Terzyk A. The influence of activated carbon surface chemical composition on the adsorption of acetaminophen (paracetomol) in vitro part II. TG, FTIR, and XPS analysis of carbons and the temperature dependence of adsorption kinetics at the neutral pH. Colloids Surf. 2001; 177: 23-45.
28. Puziy AM, Poddubnaya OI, Socha RP, Gurgul J, Wisniewski M. XPS and NMR studies of phosphoric acid activated carbons. Carbon. 2008; 46: 2113-2123.
29. 40 catalysts for biodiesel applications. Appl Catal A: Gen. 2009; 360: 50-58.