Pollinator directionality as a response to nectar gradient: Promoting outcrossing while avoiding geitonogamy

Plant Biology

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 848-856

  Fisogni, A ^a   Cristofolini, G ^a   Rossi, M ^a   Galloni, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Breeding system; Dictamnus albus; Foraging behaviour; Gender biased nectar production; Plant pollinator interaction; Pollinator behaviour

Indexed keywords

ENTOMOPHILY; FLOWER; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GEITONOGAMY; HERB; INSECT; OUTCROSSING; PERENNIAL PLANT; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; BEE; CHEMISTRY; DICTAMNUS; FLOWER; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; ITALY; NECTAR; PHYSIOLOGY; POLLEN; POLLINATION; REPRODUCTION; SELF FERTILIZATION;

ANIMALS; BEES; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; DICTAMNUS; FLOWERS; ITALY; PLANT NECTAR; POLLEN; POLLINATION; REPRODUCTION; SELF-FERTILIZATION;

APIS; APIS MELLIFERA; DICTAMNUS ALBUS; HEXAPODA; MEGACHILE;

EID: 80053915042     PISSN: 14358603     EISSN: 14388677     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00453.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Barrett S.C.H. (2002) The evolution of plant sexual diversity. Nature Reviews Genetics, 3, 237-284.
2. Barrett S.C.H., Harder L.D., Cole W.W. (1994) Effects of flower number and position on self-fertilization in experimental populations of Eichhornia paniculata (Pontederiaceae). Functional Ecology, 8, 526-535.
3. Best L.S., Bierzychudek P. (1982) Pollinator foraging on foxglove (Digitalis purpurea): a test of a new model. Evolution, 36, 70-79.
4. Biernaskie J.M., Elle E. (2005) Conditional strategies in an animal-pollinated plant: size-dependent adjustment of gender and rewards. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 7, 901-913.
5. Biernaskie J.M., Cartar R.V., Hurly T.A. (2002) Risk-averse inflorescence departure in hummingbirds and bumble bees: could plants benefit from variable nectar volumes? Oikos, 98, 98-104.
6. Bolten A.B., Feinsinger P., Baker H.G., Baker I. (1979) On the calculation of sugar concentration in flower nectar. Oecologia, 41, 301-304.
7. Brunet J. (2005) Plant-pollinator interactions and pollen dispersal. Dafni A., Kevan P.G., Husband B.C. (Eds), Practical pollination biology. Enviroquest Ltd, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, pp 56-82.
8. Carlson J.E., Harms K.E. (2006) The evolution of gender-biased nectar production in hermaphroditic plants. The Botanical Review, 72, 179-205.
9. Cartar R.V., Abrahams M.V. (1996) Risk-sensitive foraging in a patch departure context: a test with worker bumble bees. American Zoologist, 36, 447-458.
10. Charnov E.L. (1976) Optimal foraging. The marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology, 9, 129-136.
11. Corbet S.A., Cuthill I., Fallows M., Harrison T., Hartley G. (1981) Why do nectar-foraging bees and wasps work upwards on inflorescences? Oecologia, 51, 79-83.
12. Dafni A., Kevan P.G., Husband B.C. (Eds) (2005) Practical pollination biology. Enviroquest Ltd, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada.
13. Ehlers B.K. (1999) Variation in fruit set within and among natural populations of the self-incompatible herb Centaurea scabiosa (Asteraceae). Nordic Journal of Botany, 19, 653-663.
14. Ellstrand N.C., Elam D.R. (1993) Population genetic consequences of small population size - implications for plant conservation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 24, 217-242.
15. Fenner M., Thompson K. (2005) The ecology of seeds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
16. Ferdy J.B., Smithson A. (2002) Geitonogamy in rewarding and unrewarding inflorescences: modelling pollen transfer on actual foraging sequences. Evolutionary Ecology, 16, 155-175.
17. Franzen M., Larsson M. (2009) Seed set differs in relation to pollen and nectar foraging flower visitors in an insect-pollinated herb. Nordic Journal of Botany, 27, 274-283.
18. Frey W. (2000) Life strategies as a basis for functional characterization of plant species and plant communities: a case study. Zeitschrift für Ökologie Naturschutz, 9, 35-41.
19. Galetto L., Bernardello G. (2005) Rewards in flowers - nectar. Dafni A., Kevan P.G., Husband B.C. (Eds), Practical pollination biology. Enviroquest Ltd, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, pp 261-313.
20. Galloni M., Podda L., Vivarelli D., Cristofolini G. (2007) Pollen presentation, pollen-ovule ratios, and other reproductive traits in mediterranean legumes (fam. Fabaceae - subfam. Faboideae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 266, 147-164.
21. Gibson R.H., Nelson I.L., Hopkins G.W., Hamlett B.J., Memmott J. (2006) Pollinator webs, plant communities and the conservation of rare plants: arable weeds as a case study. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 246-257.
22. Gross C. (2005) Pollination efficiency and pollinator effectiveness. Dafni A., Kevan P.G., Husband B.C. (Eds), Practical pollination biology. Enviroquest Ltd, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, pp 354-356.
23. Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T., Ryan P.D. (2001) PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1), 9. Available from (accessed 23 August 2010).
24. Haring V., Gray J.E., McClure B.A., Anderson M.A., Clarke A.E. (1990) Self-incompatibility - a self-recognition system in plants. Science, 250, 937-941.
25. Haynes J., Mesler M. (1984) Pollen foraging by bumblebees: foraging patterns and efficiency on Lupinus polyphyllus. Oecologia, 61, 249-253.
26. Hensen I., Oberprieler C. (2005) Effects of population size on genetic diversity and seed production in the rare Dictamnus albus (Rutaceae) in central Germany. Conservation Genetics, 6, 63-73.
27. Iwasa Y., de Jong T.J., Klinkhamer P.G.L. (1995) Why pollinators visit only a fraction of the open flowers on a plant - the plant's point-of-view. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 8, 439-453.
28. Jaeger E.J., Johst A., Lorenz H. (1997) Wuchsform und Lebensgeschichte von Dictamnus albus L. (Rutaceae). Hercynia, 30, 217-226.
29. de Jong T.J., Waser N.M., Klinkhamer P.G.L. (1993) Geitonogamy - the neglected side of selfing. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 321-325.
30. Jordan C.Y., Harder L.D. (2006) Manipulation of bee behavior by inflorescence architecture and its consequences for plant mating. American Naturalist, 167, 496-509.
31. Karron J.D., Holmquist K.G., Flanagan R.J., Mitchell R.J. (2009) Pollinator visitation patterns strongly influence among-flower variation in selfing rate. Annals of Botany, 103, 1379-1383.
32. Klinkhamer P.G.L., van der Lugt P.P. (2004) Pollinator service only depends on nectar production rates in sparse populations. Oecologia, 140, 491-494.
33. Owen K., Vaughton G., Ramsey M. (2007) Facilitated autogamy and costs of selfing in the perennial herb Bulbine bulbosa (Asphodelaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences, 168, 579-585.
34. Pacini E., Nepi M. (2007) Nectar production and presentation. Nicolson S.W., Pacini E., Nepi M. (Eds), Nectaries and nectar. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 167-205.
35. Pappers S.M., de Jong T.J., Klinkhamer P.G.L., Meelis E. (1999) Effects of nectar content on the number of bumblebee approaches and the length of visitation sequences in Echium vulgare (Boraginaceae). Oikos, 87, 580-586.
36. Pyke G.H. (1978) Optimal foraging in bumblebees and coevolution with their plants. Oecologia, 36, 281-293.
37. Pyke G.H. (1979) Optimal foraging in bumblebees: rule of movement between flowers within inflorescences. Animal Behaviour, 27, 1167-1181.
38. Pyke G.H. (1980) Optimal foraging in bumblebees - calculation of net rate of energy-intake and optimal patch choice. Theoretical Population Biology, 17, 232-246.
39. Pyke G.H. (1984) Optimal foraging theory: a critical review. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 15, 523-575.
40. R Development Core Team (2009) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria.
41. Schnittler M., Gunther K.F. (1999) Central European vascular plants requiring priority conservation measures - an analysis from national red lists and distribution maps. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8, 891-925.
42. Seavey S.R., Bawa K.S. (1986) Late-acting self-incompatibility in angiosperms. The Botanical Review, 52, 195-219.
43. Stephen W.P., Bohart G.E., Torchio P.F. (1969) The biology and external morphology of bees; with a synopsis of the genera of northwestern America. Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
44. Thompson J.D. (2005) Plant evolution in the mediterranean. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
45. Thomson J.D., Plowright R.C. (1980) Pollen carryover, nectar rewards, and pollinator behavior with special reference to Diervilla lonicera. Oecologia, 46, 68-74.
46. Vaughton G., Ramsey M. (2010) Floral emasculation reveals pollen quality limitation of seed output in Bulbine bulbosa (Asphodelaceae). American Journal of Botany, 97, 174-178.
47. Vekemans X., Schierup M.H., Christiansen F.B. (1998) Mate availability and fecundity selection in multi-allelic self-incompatibility systems in plants. Evolution, 52, 19-29.
48. Waddington K.D., Heinrich B. (1979) The foraging movements of bumblebees on vertical 'inflorescences': an experimental analysis. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 134, 113-117.
49. Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Masierowska M., Sulborska A. (2001) Flowering biology, structure of nectaries and nectar production in two Dictamnus albus L. cultivars. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 561, 131-135.
50. Westphal C., Bommarco R., Carre G., Lamborn E., Morison N., Petanidou T., Potts S.G., Roberts S.P.M., Szentgyorgy H., Tscheulin T., Vaissiere B.E., Woyciechowski M., Biesmeijer J.C., Kunin W.E., Settele J., Steffan-Dewenter I. (2008) Measuring bee diversity in different european habitats and biogeographical regions. Ecological Monographs, 78, 653-671.
51. Zhang T.F., Duan Y.W., Liu J.Q. (2006) Pollination ecology of Aconitum gymnandrum (Ranunculaceae) at two sites with different altitudes. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica, 44, 362-370.