Imaging the tip of the iceberg: Visualization of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Volumn 17, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 1202-1210

  Seewann, Alexandra ^a,c   Vrenken, Hugo ^a,b   Kooi, Evert Jan ^b   Van Der Valk, Paul ^b   Knol, Dirk L ^b   Polman, Chris H ^a   Pouwels, Petra Jw ^a   Barkhof, Frederik ^b   Geurts, Jeroen Jg ^b  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c SIR CHARLES GAIRDNER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

cortical lesions; demyelination; histopathology; multiple sclerosis; quantitative MRI

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DEMYELINATING DISEASE; FEMALE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SCANNER; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS;

EID: 80053588889     PISSN: 13524585     EISSN: 14770970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1352458511406575     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Brownell B, Hughes JT. The distribution of plaques in the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1962 ; 25: 315-320
2. Kidd D, Barkhof F, McConnell R, Algra PR, Allen IV, Revesz T. Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1999 ; 122: 17-26 (Pubitemid 29046269)
3. Peterson JW, Bo L, Mork S, Chang A, Trapp BD. Transected neurites, apoptotic neurons, and reduced inflammation in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol. 2001 ; 50: 389-400 (Pubitemid 32848742)
4. Bo L, Geurts JJ, Mork SJ, van der Valk P. Grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2006 ; 183: 48-50
5. Albert M, Antel J, Bruck W, Stadelmann C. Extensive cortical remyelination in patients with chronic multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol. 2007 ; 17: 129-138 (Pubitemid 46466131)
6. Bo L, Vedeler CA, Nyland H, Trapp BD, Mork SJ. Intracortical multiple sclerosis lesions are not associated with increased lymphocyte infiltration. Mult Scler. 2003 ; 9: 323-331 (Pubitemid 36958014)
7. Brink BP, Veerhuis R, Breij EC, van der Valk P, Dijkstra CD, Bo L. The pathology of multiple sclerosis is location-dependent: no significant complement activation is detected in purely cortical lesions. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2005 ; 64: 147-155 (Pubitemid 40349313)
8. van Horssen J, Brink BP, De Vries HE, van der Valk P, Bo L. The blood-brain barrier in cortical multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2007 ; 66: 321-328 (Pubitemid 46559025)
9. Wegner C, Esiri MM, Chance SA, Palace J, Matthews PM. Neocortical neuronal, synaptic, and glial loss in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2006 ; 67: 960-967 (Pubitemid 44454585)
10. Chen JT, Narayanan S, Collins DL, Smith SM, Matthews PM, Arnold DL. Relating neocortical pathology to disability progression in multiple sclerosis using MRI. Neuroimage. 2004 ; 23: 1168-1175 (Pubitemid 39446548)
11. De Stefano N, Matthews PM, Filippi M, et al. Evidence of early cortical atrophy in MS: relevance to white matter changes and disability. Neurology. 2003 ; 60: 1157-1162 (Pubitemid 36418778)
12. Sailer M, Fischl B, Salat D, et al. Focal thinning of the cerebral cortex in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2003 ; 126: 1734-1744 (Pubitemid 36917333)
13. Christodoulou C, Krupp LB, Liang Z, et al. Cognitive performance and MR markers of cerebral injury in cognitively impaired MS patients. Neurology. 2003 ; 60: 1793-1798 (Pubitemid 36737076)
14. Feinstein A, Roy P, Lobaugh N, Feinstein K, O'Connor P, Black S. Structural brain abnormalities in multiple sclerosis patients with major depression. Neurology. 2004 ; 62: 586-590 (Pubitemid 38252800)
15. Lazeron RH, Langdon DW, Filippi M, et al. Neuropsychological impairment in multiple sclerosis patients: the role of (juxta)cortical lesion on FLAIR. Mult Scler. 2000 ; 6: 280-285
16. Moriarty DM, Blackshaw AJ, Talbot PR, et al. Memory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis corresponds to juxtacortical lesion load on fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 ; 20: 1956-1962
17. Rovaris M, Filippi M. MRI correlates of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurovirol. 2000 ; 6: S172 - S175
18. Sokic DV, Stojsavljevic N, Drulovic J, et al. Seizures in multiple sclerosis. Epilepsia. 2001 ; 42: 72-79 (Pubitemid 32171487)
19. Spatt J, Chaix R, Mamoli B. Epileptic and non-epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2001 ; 248: 2-9 (Pubitemid 32245438)
20. Geurts JJ, Bo L, Pouwels PJ, Castelijns JA, Polman CH, Barkhof F. Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: combined postmortem MR imaging and histopathology. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005 ; 26: 572-577 (Pubitemid 43085960)
21. Geurts JJ, Blezer EL, Vrenken H, et al. Does high-field MR imaging improve cortical lesion detection in multiple sclerosis?. J Neurol. 2008 ; 255: 183-191
22. Manfredonia F, Ciccarelli O, Khaleeli Z, et al. Normal-appearing brain t1 relaxation time predicts disability in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2007 ; 64: 411-415 (Pubitemid 46425697)
23. Vrenken H, Geurts JJ, Knol DL, et al. Whole-brain T1 mapping in multiple sclerosis: global changes of normal-appearing gray and white matter. Radiology. 2006 ; 240: 811-820 (Pubitemid 44267339)
24. Cercignani M, Bozzali M, Iannucci G, Comi G, Filippi M. Magnetisation transfer ratio and mean diffusivity of normal appearing white and grey matter from patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 ; 70: 311-317 (Pubitemid 32250886)
25. Khaleeli Z, Cercignani M, Audoin B, Ciccarelli O, Miller DH, Thompson AJ. Localized grey matter damage in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis contributes to disability. Neuroimage. 2007 ; 37: 253-261 (Pubitemid 47068988)
26. Ramio-Torrenta L, Sastre-Garriga J, Ingle GT, et al. Abnormalities in normal appearing tissues in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis and their relation to disability: a tissue specific magnetisation transfer study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006 ; 77: 40-45 (Pubitemid 43022688)
27. Khaleeli Z, Altmann DR, Cercignani M, Ciccarelli O, Miller DH, Thompson AJ. Magnetization transfer ratio in gray matter: a potential surrogate marker for progression in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2008 ; 65: 1454-1459
28. Vrenken H, Pouwels PJ, Ropele S, et al. Magnetization transfer ratio measurement in multiple sclerosis normal-appearing brain tissue: limited differences with controls but relationships with clinical and MR measures of disease. Mult Scler. 2007 ; 13: 708-716 (Pubitemid 47074092)
29. Fatterpekar GM, Naidich TP, Delman BN, et al. Cytoarchitecture of the human cerebral cortex: MR microscopy of excised specimens at 9.4 Tesla. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002 ; 23: 1313-1321 (Pubitemid 35033879)
30. Venkatesan R, Lin W, Haacke EM. Accurate determination of spin-density and T1 in the presence of RF-field inhomogeneities and flip-angle miscalibration. Magn Reson Med. 1998 ; 40: 592-602 (Pubitemid 28440027)
31. Lublin FD, Reingold SC. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology. 1996 ; 46: 907-911
32. Bo L, Geurts JJ, Ravid R, Barkhof F. Magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to examine the neuropathology of multiple sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2004 ; 30: 106-117 (Pubitemid 38496701)
33. Fisher E, Lee JC, Nakamura K, Rudick RA. Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study. Ann Neurol. 2008 ; 64: 255-265
34. Fisniku LK, Chard DT, Jackson JS, et al. Gray matter atrophy is related to long-term disability in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2008 ; 64: 247-254
35. Kutzelnigg A, Lucchinetti CF, Stadelmann C, et al. Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2005 ; 128: 2705-2712 (Pubitemid 41552953)
36. Schmierer K, Parkes HG, So PW, et al. High field (9.4 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging of cortical grey matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2010 ; 133: 858-867
37. Schmierer K, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Tozer DJ, et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance of postmortem multiple sclerosis brain before and after fixation. Magn Reson Med. 2008 ; 59: 268-277 (Pubitemid 351220090)
38. Geurts JJ, Pouwels PJ, Uitdehaag BM, Polman CH, Barkhof F, Castelijns JA. Intracortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: improved detection with 3D double inversion-recovery MR imaging. Radiology. 2005 ; 236: 254-260 (Pubitemid 40853320)
39. Calabrese M, De Stefano N, Atzori M, et al. Detection of cortical inflammatory lesions by double inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2007 ; 64: 1416-1422 (Pubitemid 47572665)