Condom use during commercial sex among clients of Hijra sex workers in Karachi, Pakistan (cross-sectional study)

BMJ Open

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2011, Pages

  Siddiqui, Anees Ur Rehman ^a,b   Qian, Han Zhu ^a,c   Altaf, Arshad ^a,b   Cassell, Holly ^a   Shah, Sharaf Ali ^b,d   Vermund, Sten H ^a,c  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b Bridge Consultants Foundation   (Pakistan)

^c VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d DOW UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80053518666     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000154     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. HIV/AIDS reported cases. http://www.nacp. gov. pk (accessed 10 Mar. 2011).
2. HIV/AIDS estimates Pakistan. http://www.unaids.org (accessed 10 Mar. 2011).
3. Ministry of Health, National AIDS Control Programme. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Project of Pakistan: Round 3. National AIDS Control Program Pakistan, 2008.
4. Shah SA, Altaf A, Mujeeb SA, et al. An outbreak of HIV infection among injection drug users in a small town in Pakistan: potential for national implications. Int J STD AIDS 2004;15:209. (Pubitemid 38392118)
5. Bokhari A, Nizamani NM, Jackson DJ, et al. HIV risk in Karachi and Lahore, Pakistan: an emerging epidemic in injecting and commercial sex networks. Int J STD AIDS 2007;18:486-92. (Pubitemid 351738964)
6. Khan AA, Khan A. The HIV epidemic in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 2010;60:300-7.
7. Population Council Pakistan, National AIDS Control Programme. Study of Sexual Transmitted Infection Men in General Population. Population Council, 2007.
8. Faisel A, Cleland J. Migrant men: a priority for HIV control in Pakistan? Sex Transm Infect 2006;82:307-10. (Pubitemid 44229445)
9. Mastro TD, Satten GA, Nopkesorn T, et al. Probability of female-tomale transmission of HIV-1 in Thailand. Lancet 1994;343:204-7. (Pubitemid 24031642)
10. Royce RA, Sena A, Cates W, et al. Sexual transmission of HIV. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1072-8. (Pubitemid 27163861)
11. Morris M, Podhisita C, Wawer MJ, et al. Bridge populations in the spread of HIV/AIDS in Thailand. AIDS 1996;10:1265-71. (Pubitemid 26306606)
12. Shah NS, Shiraishi RW, Subhachaturas W, et al. Bridging populationsdsexual risk behaviors and HIV prevalence in clients and partners of female sex workers, Bangkok, Thailand 2007. J Urban Health 2011;88:533-44.
13. Hawkes S, Collumbien M, Platt L, et al. HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among men, transgenders and women selling sex in two cities in Pakistan: a cross-sectional prevalence survey. Sex Transm Infect 2009;85(Suppl 2):ii8-16.
14. Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Project of Pakistan: Pilot Round. 2005.
15. National AIDS Control Programme, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV among People at High Risk. 2007.
16. Rajabali A, Khan S, Warraich HJ, et al. HIV and homosexuality in Pakistan. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8:511-15. (Pubitemid 352001413)
17. Emmanuel F, Blanchard J, Zaheer HA, et al; HASP team. The HIV/AIDS Surveillance Project mapping approach: an innovative approach for mapping and size estimation for groups at a higher risk of HIV in Pakistan. AIDS 2010;24(Suppl 2):S77-84.
18. Day S, Ward H, Ghani A, et al. Sexual histories, partnerships and networks associated with the transmission of gonorrhoea. Int J STD AIDS 1998;9:666-71. (Pubitemid 28537775)
19. Mgalla Z, Pool R. Sexual relationships, condom use and risk perception among female bar workers in north-west Tanzania. AIDS Care 1997;9:407-16. (Pubitemid 27364117)