Use of Antiepileptic Medications in Pregnancy in Relation to Risks of Birth Defects

Annals of Epidemiology

Volumn 21, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 842-850

  Werler, Martha M ^a   Ahrens, Katherine A ^a,b   Bosco, Jaclyn L F ^b   Mitchell, Allen A ^a   Anderka, Marlene T ^c   Gilboa, Suzanne M ^d   Holmes, Lewis B ^e  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d NATIONAL CENTER ON BIRTH DEFECTS AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES   (United States)

^e MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Anti epileptic drugs; Birth defects; Pregnancy

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; ETIRACETAM; GABAPENTIN; LAMOTRIGINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PRIMIDONE; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIRTH DEFECT; CLEFT PALATE; CONGENITAL HEART MALFORMATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG SAFETY; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOSPADIAS; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NEURAL TUBE DEFECT; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SEIZURE;

ABNORMALITIES, DRUG-INDUCED; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTICONVULSANTS; CARBAMAZEPINE; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; UNITED STATES; VALPROIC ACID; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80053515283     PISSN: 10472797     EISSN: 18732585     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.08.002     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Harden C.L. Pregnancy and epilepsy. Semin Neurol 2007, 27:453-459.
2. Crawford P. Best practice guidelines for the management of women with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2005, 46(Suppl 9):117-124.
3. Lammer E.J., Sever L.E., Oakley G.P. Teratogen update: valproic acid. Teratology 1987, 35:465-473.
4. Holmes L.B., Baldwin E.J., Smith C.R., et al. Increased frequency of isolated cleft palate in infants exposed to lamotrigine during pregnancy. Neurology 2008, 70:2152-2158.
5. Matalon S., Schechtman S., Goldzweig G., Ornoy A. The teratogenic effect of carbamazepine: a meta-analysis of 1255 exposures. Reprod Toxicol 2002, 16:9-17.
6. Hanson J.W., Myrianthopoulos N.C., Harvey M.A., Smith D.W. Risks to the offspring of women treated with hydantoin anticonvulsants, with emphasis on the fetal hydantoin syndrome. J Pediatr 1976, 89:662-668.
7. Morrow J.I., Hunt S.J., Russell A.J., et al. Folic acid use and major congenital malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009, 80:506-511.
8. Wide K., Winbladh B., Kallen B. Major malformations in infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero, with emphasis on carbamazepine and valproic acid: a nation-wide, population-based register study. Acta Paediatrica 2004, 93:174-176.
9. Samren E.B., van Duijn C.M., Koch S., et al. Maternal use of antiepileptic drugs and the risk of major congenital malformations: a joint European prospective study of human teratogenesis associated with maternal epilepsy. Epilepsia 1997, 38:981-990.
10. Fried S., Kozer E., Nulman I., Einarson T.R., Koren G. Malformation rates in children of women with untreated epilepsy: a meta-analysis. Drug Saf 2004, 27:197-202.
11. Yoon P.W., Olney R.S., Khoury M.J., Sappenfield W.M., Chavez G.F., Taylor D. Contribution of birth defects and genetic diseases to pediatric hospitalizations. A population-based study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997, 151:1096-1103.
12. Rasmussen S.A., Olney R.S., Holmes L.B., Lin A.E., Keppler-Noreuil K.M., Moore C.A. Guidelines for case classification for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2003, 67:193-201.
13. Harden C.L., Meador K.J., Pennell P.B., et al. Practice parameter update: management issues for women with epilepsy-focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society. Neurology 2009, 73:133-141.
14. Morrow J., Russell A., Guthrie E., et al. Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006, 77:193-198.
15. Greenland S. Bayesian perspectives for epidemiological research. II. Regression analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2007, 36:195-202.
16. Carmichael S.L., Yang W., Correa A., Olney R.S., Shaw G.M. Hypospadias and intake of nutrients related to one-carbon metabolism. J Urol 2009, 181:315-321.
17. Caton A.R., Bell E.M., Druschel C.M., et al. Antihypertensive medication use during pregnancy and the risk of cardiovascular malformations. Hypertension 2009, 54:63.
18. Collier S.A., Browne M.L., Rasmussen S.A., Honein M.A. Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2009, 85:842-849.
19. Feldkamp M.L., Meyer R.E., Krikov S., Botto L.D. Acetaminophen Use in pregnancy and risk of birth defects: findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Obstet Gynecol 2010, 115:109.
20. Olafsson E., Hallgrimsson J.T., Hauser W.A., Ludvigsson P., Gudmundsson G. Pregnancies of women with epilepsy: a population-based study in Iceland. Epilepsia 1998, 39:887-892.
21. Artama M., Auvinen A., Raudaskoski T., Isojarvi I., Isojarvi J. Antiepileptic drug use of women with epilepsy and congenital malformations in offspring. Neurology 2005, 64:1874-1878.
22. Bromfield E.B., Dworetzky B.A., Wyszynski D.F., Smith C.R., Baldwin E.J., et al. Valproate teratogenicity and epilepsy syndrome. Epilepsia 2008, 49:2122-2124.
23. Diav-Citrin O., Shechtman S., Arnon J., Ornoy A. Is carbamazepine teratogenic? A prospective controlled study of 210 pregnancies. Neurology 2001, 57:321-324.
24. Cunnington M., Tennis P. the International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry Scientific Advisory C. Lamotrigine and the risk of malformations in pregnancy. Neurology 2005, 64:955-960.
25. Holmes L.B., Harvey E.A., Coull B.A., et al. The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:1132-1138.
26. Shapiro S., Hartz S.C., Siskind V., et al. Anticonvulsants and parental epilepsy in the development of birth defects. Lancet 1976, 1:272-275.
27. Artama M., Ritvanen A., Gissler M., Isojarvi J., Auvinen A. Congenital structural anomalies in offspring of women with epilepsy-a population-based cohort study in Finland. Int J Epidemiol 2006, 35:280-287.
28. Kallen A.J. Maternal carbamazepine and infant spina bifida. Reprod Toxicol 1994, 8:203-205.
29. Rosa F.W. Spina bifida in infants of women treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1991, 324:674-677.
30. Omtzigt J.G., Los F.J., Grobbee D.E., et al. The risk of spina bifida aperta after first-trimester exposure to valproate in a prenatal cohort. Neurology 1992, 42:119-125.
31. Sabers A., Dam M., a-Rogvi-Hansen B., et al. Epilepsy and pregnancy: lamotrigine as main drug used. Acta Neurol Scand 2004, 109:9-13.
32. Vajda F.J.E., Eadie M.J. Maternal valproate dosage and foetal malformations. Acta Neurol Scand 2005, 112:137-143.
33. Kallen B. Drugs During Pregnancy 2009, Nova Biomedical Books, New York, p. 334.
34. Arpino C., Brescianini S., Robert E., et al. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs: use of an International Database on Malformations and Drug Exposure (MADRE). Epilepsia 2000, 41:1436-1443.
35. Jentink J., Loane M.A., Dolk H., et al. Valproic acid monotherapy in pregnancy and major congenital malformations. N Engl J Med 2010, 362:2185-2193.
36. Wyszynski D.F., Nambisan M., Surve T., et al. Increased rate of major malformations in offspring exposed to valproate during pregnancy. Neurology 2005, 64:961-965.
37. Samrén E.B., Van Duijn C.M., Christiaens G.C.M.L., Hofman A., Lindhout D. Antiepileptic drug regimens and major congenital abnormalities in the offspring. Ann Neurol 1999, 46:739-746.
38. Utilization of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy: comparative patterns in 38 countries based on data from the EURAP registry. Epilepsia 2009, 50:2305-2309. EURAP Study Group.
39. Cunnington M., Ferber S., Quartey G. Effect of dose on the frequency of major birth defects following fetal exposure to lamotrigine monotherapy in an international observational study. Epilepsia 2007, 48:1207-1210.
40. Dolk H., Jentink J., Loane M., Morris J., de Jong-van den Berg L.T. Does lamotrigine use in pregnancy increase orofacial cleft risk relative to other malformations?. Neurology 2008, 71:714-722.
41. Monson R.R., Rosenberg L., Hartz S.C., Shapiro S., Heinonen O.P., Slone D. Diphenylhydantoin and selected congenital malformations. N Engl J Med 1973, 289:1049-1052.
42. Nulman I., Scolnik D., Chitayat D., Farkas L.D., Koren G. Findings in children exposed in utero to phenytoin and carbamazepine monotherapy: independent effects of epilepsy and medications. Am J Med Genet 1997, 68:18-24.
43. Holmes L.B., Rosenberger P.B., Harvey E.A., Khoshbin S., Ryan L. Intelligence and physical features of children of women with epilepsy. Teratology 2000, 61:196-202.
44. West S.L., Savitz D.A., Koch G., Strom B.L., Guess H.A., Hartzema A. Recall accuracy for prescription medications: self-report compared with database information. Am J Epidemiol 1995, 142:1103-1112.