Enzymes

Asthma in the Workplace and Related Conditions: Third Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 377-392

  Bernstein, Jonathan A ^a   Sarlo, Katherine ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b PROCTER AND GAMBLE COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80053489166     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.3109/9780849374531-19     Document Type: Chapter

References (72)

1. Stryer L. Introduction to enzymes. In: Stryer L, ed. Biochemistry. 2nd ed. San Francisco: WH Freeman and Co, 1981:109-131.
2. van Ee J. Historical overview: enzymes in detergency, past to present. In: van Ee J, Misset O, Baas EJ, eds. In Enzymes in Detergency. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997: 1-9.
3. 3. Zetterstrom O. Challenge and exposure test reactions to enzyme detergents in subjects sensitized to subtilisin. Clin Allergy 1977; 7(4):355-363.
4. 4. Bernstein IL. Enzyme allergy in populations exposed to long term, low level concentra-tions of household laundry products. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1972; 49:219-237.
5. 5. Flindt ML. Pulmonary disease due to inhalation of derivatives of Bacillus subtilis containing proteolytic enzyme. Lancet 1969; 1(7607):1177-1181.
6. 6. Pepys J, Longbottom JL, Hargreave FE, Faux J. Allergic reactions of the lungs to enzymes of Bacillus subtilis. Lancet 1969; 1(7607):1181-1184.
7. Bernstein DI, Malo J-L. High molecular weight agents. In: Bernstein IL, Chan-Yeung M, Malo J-L, Bernstein DL, eds. Asthma in the Workplace. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1993:373-398.
8. 8. Belin L, Hoborn J, Falsen E, Andre J. Enzyme sensitization in consumers of enzyme washing powder. Lancet 1970; 2:1153-1157.
9. ACGIH, Threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. Cincinnati: ACGIH, 2004:51.
10. 10. Liss GM, Kominsky JR, Gallagher JS, Melius J, Brooks SM, Bernstein IL. Failure of enzyme encapsulation to prevent sensitization of workers in the dry bleach industry. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984; 73(3):348-355.
11. 11. Flindt ML. Biological miracles and misadventures: identification of sensitization and asthma in enzyme detergent workers. Am J Ind Med 1996; 29:99-110.
12. 12. Gibson JC, Juniper CP, Martin RB, Weill H. Biological effects of proteolytic enzyme detergents. Thorax 1976; 31:621-634.
13. 13. Schweigert MK, MacKenzie DP, Sarlo K. Occupational asthma and allergy associated with the use of enzymes in the detergent industry - a review of the epidemiology, toxi-cology and methods of prevention. Clin Exp Allergy 2000; 30:1511-1518.
14. 14. Nicholson PJ, NewmanTaylor AJ, Oliver P, Cathcart M. Current best practice for the health surveillance of enzyme workers in the soap and detergent industry. Occup Med 2001; 51:81-92.
15. 15. Belin LG, Norman PS. Diagnostic tests in the skin and serum of workers sensitized to Bacillus subtilis enzymes. Clin Allergy 1977; 7:55-68.
16. 16. Newhouse ML, Tagg B, Pocock SJ. An epidemiological study of workers producing enzyme washing powders. Lancet 1970; 1(7649):689-693.
17. 17. Brandt A, Hole A, Cannon J, et al. Occupational asthma caused by cellulose and lipase in the detergent industry. Occup Environ Med 2004; 61:793-795.
18. 18. Franz T, McMurrain KD, Brooks S, Bernstein IL. Clinical, immunologic, and physio-logic observations in factory workers exposed to Bacillus subtilis enzyme dust. J Allergy 1971; 47:170-180.
19. 19. Gandevia B, Mitchell C. The dangers of proteolytic enzymes to workers. Med J Aust 1971; 1(19):1032-1033.
20. 20. Mitchell CA, Gandevia B. Respiratory symptoms and skin reactivity in workers exposed to proteolytic enzymes in the detergent industry. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971; 104:1-12.
21. 21. Flood DGS, Blofeld RE, Bruce CF, Hewitt JI, Juniper CP, Roberts DM. Lung function, atopy, specific hypersensitivity, and smoking of workers in the enzyme detergent industry over 11 years. Br J Ind Med 1985; 42:43-50.
22. 22. Juniper CP, Roberts DM. Enzyme asthma: Fourteen years’ clinical experience of a recently prescribed disease. J Soc Occup Med 1984; 34:127-132.
23. 23. Johnsen CR, Sorensen TB, Larsen IA, Secher AB, Andreasen E, Kofoed GS, Fredslund, Gyntelberg F. Allergy risk in an enzyme producing plant: a retrospective follow up study. Occup Environ Med 1997; 9:671-675.
24. Finn ES, Pursifull AC, Limardi LC, et al. Complexity of the immune response to a protease and implications for the safety assessment of novel enzyme-containing products. Tox Letters 2003; 144(SL):S33.
25. 25. Kilburn KH, Dowell AB, Pratt PC. Morphological and biochemical assessment of papain-induced emphysema. Arch Intern Med 1971; 127:884-890.
26. 26. Cashner F, Schuyler M, Fletcher ER, Ritz HL, Salvaggio J. Immunological responses of cynomolgus monkeys after repeated inhalation exposures to enzymes and enzyme-detergent mixtures. Toxicol Appl Pharm 1980; 52:62-68.
27. 27. Ritz HL, Evans BLB, Bruce RD, Fletcher ER, Fisher GL, Sarlo K. Respiratory and immunological responses of guinea pigs to enzyme-containing detergents: a compari-son of intratracheal and inhalation modes of exposure. Fund Appl Toxicol 1993; 21:31-37.
28. 28. Sarlo K, Fletcher ER, Gaines WG, Ritz HL. Respiratory allergenicity of detergent enzymes in the guinea pig intratracheal test: association with sensitization of occupation-ally exposed individuals. Fund Appl Toxicol 1997; 39:44-52.
29. 29. Sarlo K, Ritz HL, Fletcher ER, Schrotel KR, Clark ED. Proteolytic detergent enzymes enhance the allergic antibody responses of guinea pigs to non-proteolytic detergent enzymes in a mixture: implication for occupational exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 100(4):480-487.
30. 30. Robinson MK, Horn PA, Kawabata TT, et al. Use of the mouse intranasal test to determine the allergenic potency of detergent enzymes: comparison to the guinea pig intratracheal test. Toxicol Sci 1998; 43:39-46.
31. 31. Tarlo SM, Shaikh W, Bell B, et al. Papain-induced allergic reactions. Clin Allergy 1978; 8:207-215.
32. 32. Baur X, Fruhmann G. Papain induced asthma: diagnosis by skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test. Clin Allergy 1979; 9:75-81.
33. 33. Novey HS, Keenan WJ, Fairshter RD, Wells ID, Wilson AF, Culver BD. Pulmonary disease in workers exposed to papain: clinico-physiological and immunological studies. Clin Allergy 1980; 10:721-731.
34. Goodman TW, Parslow TG. Immunoglobulin proteins. In: Stites DP, Terr AI, Parslow TG, eds. Basic and Clinical Immunology. Norwalk: Appleton and Lange, 1994: 66-79.
35. 35. Baur X, Konig G, Bencze K, Fruhmann G. Clinical symptoms and results of skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test in thirty-three papain workers: evidence for strong immunogenic potency and clinically relevant ’proteolytic effects of airborne papain. Clin Allergy 1982; 12:9-17.
36. 36. Bernstein DI, Gallagher JS, Ulmer A, Bernstein IL. Prospective evaluation of chymopa-pain sensitivity in patients undergoing chemonucleolysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985; 76:458-465.
37. 37. Cartier A, Malo J-L, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984; 73:574-577.
38. 38. Baur X, Fruhmann G. Allergic reactions, including asthma, to the pineapple protease bromelain following occupational exposure. Clin Allergy 1979; 9:443-450.
39. 39. Ebo DG, Hagendorens MM, Bridts CH, DeClerck LS, Stevens WJ. Sensitization to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants and the ubiquitous protein profiling: mimickers of allergy. Clin Exp All 2004; 34:137-144.
40. 40. Work Practices for Handling Enzymes in the Detergent Industry. New York, N.Y.:Soap and Detergent Association, 1995.
41. 41. Pepys J, Mitchell J, Hawkins R, Malo J-L. A longitudinal study of possible allergy to enzyme detergents. Clin Allergy 1985; 15:101-115.
42. 42. Cormier EM, Sarlo K, Scott LA, et al. Lack of type I sensitization to laundry detergent enzymes among consumers in the Philippines: results of a 2-year study in atopic subjects. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 92:549-557.
43. 43. Hole AM, Draper A, Jolliffe G, Cullinan P, Jones M, Taylor AJ. Occupational asthma caused by bacillary amylase used in the detergent industry. Occup Environ Med 2000; 57(12):840-842.
44. 44. Sarlo K, Kirchner DB. Occupational asthma and allergy in the detergent industry: new developments. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 2:97-101.
45. 45. Bauer X, Fruhmann G, Haug B, Rasche B, Reiher W, Weiss W. Role of Aspergillus amylase in baker’s asthma. Lancet 1986; 1(8471):43.
46. 46. Baur X, Sauer W, Weiss W. Baking additives as new allergens in baker’s asthma. Respiration 1988; 54:70-72.
47. 47. Houba R, van Run P, Doekes G. Airborne levels of alpha-amylase allergens in bakeries. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 99:286-292.
48. 48. Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Heederik D, Doekes G, Venabvles KM, Newman Taylor AJ. Exposure-response relations of alpha-amylase sensitization in British bakeries and flour mills. Occup Environ Med 1999; 56:197-201.
49. 49. Quirce S, Cuevas M, Diez-Gomez M, et al. Respiratory allergy to Aspergillus-derived enzymes in baker’s asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 90:970-978.
50. 50. Barber D, Sanchez-Monge R, Gomez L, et al. A barley flour inhibitor of insect a-amylase is a major allergen associated with baker’s asthma disease. FEBS Lett 1989; 248:119-122.
51. 51. Losada E, Hinojosa M, Moneo I, Dominguez J, Gomez MLD, Ibanez MD. Occupational asthma caused by cellulase. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986; 77:635-639.
52. 52. Bernstein JA, Bernstein DI, Stauder T, Herd Z, Bernstein IL. Allergic sensitization to Aspergillus oryzae derived lactase in pharmaceutical workers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 93:265.
53. 53. Julian JA, Millman JM, Beaudin MA, Dolovich J. Occupational sensitization to lactase. Am J fad Med 1997; 31:570-571.
54. 54. Craig TJ. Lactase induced occupational asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 101:S23.
55. 55. Nahm DH. New occupational allergen in a pharmaceutical industry: serratial peptidase and lysozyme chloride. Ann Allergy, Asthma, Immunol 1997; 78:225-229.
56. Bernstein DI, Smith AB, Moller DR, et al. Clinical and immunologic studies among egg-processing workers with occupational asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol l987; 80: 791-797.
57. 57. Smith AB, Bernstein DI, Aw T-C, et al. Occupational asthma from inhaled egg protein. Am J Ind Med 1987; 12:205-218.
58. 58. Bernstein JA, Kraut A, Bernstein DI, et al. Occupational asthma induced by inhaled egg lysozyme. Chest 1993; 103:532-535.
59. 59. Escudero, C, Quirce S, Fernandez-Nieto M, Cuesta J, de las Heras M, Sastre J. Occupational asthma caused by lysozyme in bakers. Allergy(Copen) 2001; 56(suppl 68):237.
60. 60. Hartmann AL. Occupational allergic asthma to the pectolytic enzyme pectinase. Schweir-zerische Med Wochen 1987; 113:265-267.
61. 61. Sen D, Wiley K, Williams JG. Occupational asthma in fruit salad processing. Clin Exp All 1998; 28:363-367.
62. 62. O’Connor TM, Bourke JF, Jones M, Brennan N. Report of occupational asthma, due to phytase and beta-glucanase. Occup Environ Med 2001; 58:417-419.
63. 63. Dolan TF Jr, Meyers A. Bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis associated with inhalation of pancreatic extracts. Am Rev Respir Dis 1974; 110:812-813.
64. 64. Aiken TC, Ward R, Peel ET, Hendrick DJ. Occupational asthma due to porcine pancrea-tic amylase. Occup Environ Med 1997; 54:762-764.
65. 65. Colten HR, Polakoff PL, Weinstein SF, Strieder DJ. Immediate hypersensitivity to hog trypsin resulting from industrial exposure. N Engl J Med 1973; 292:1050-1053.
66. Bernstein JA, Bernstein DI, Bernstein IL. Occupational asthma. In: Bierman CW, Pearlman DS, Shapiro GG, Busse WW, eds. Allergy, Asthma and Immunology from Infancy to Adulthood. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1996:529-548.
67. 67. Merget R, Stollfuss J, Wiewrodt R, et al. Diagnostic tests in enzyme allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993; 92:264-277.
68. 68. Dor PJ, Agarwal MK, Gleich MC, et al. Detection of antibodies to proteases used in laundry detergents by the radioallergosorbent test. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986; 78: 877-886.
69. 69. Sarlo K, Clark ED, Ryan CA, Bernstein DI. ELISA for human IgE antibody to Subti-lisin A (Alcalase): correlation with RAST and skin test results with occupationally exposed individuals. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990; 86:393-399.
70. 70. Bernstein DI, Bernstein IL, Gaines WG Jr, Stauder T, Wilson ER. Characterization of skin prick testing responses for detecting sensitization to detergent enzymes at extreme dilutions: inability of the RAST to detect lightly sensitized individuals. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994; 94:498-507.
71. 71. Arlian LG, Vyszenski-Moher DL, Merski JA, Ritz HL, Nusair TL, Wilson ER. Anti-genic and allergenic characterization of the enzymes Alcalase and Savinase by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Int Arch Allergy App Immunol 1990; 91:278-284.
72. Sarlo K, Schnell B, Harbeck RJ, Leto D, Finn EE, Kirchner DB. Sensitivity and speci-ficity of a serological test that detects human IgE antibody to the bacillus enzyme Y217L BPN’. The Toxicologist 2004; 78:1262(a).