Epidemiology of the metabolic syndrome in the USA

Journal of Digestive Diseases

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 333-340

  Mccullough, Arthur J ^a  

^a CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Diabetes; Epidemiology; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PLACEBO; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

AUSTRALIA; CHINA; DIET THERAPY; FRANCE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; ITALY; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MICROALBUMINURIA; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOUTH ASIA; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; UNITED STATES; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

FATTY LIVER; HUMANS; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PREVALENCE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 80053397336     PISSN: 17512972     EISSN: 17512980     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2010.00469.x     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Zimmet P, Magliano D, Masuzawa Y, Aberti G, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome: a public health problem and new definition. J AtheroScler Thromb 2005; 12: 295-300.
2. Vague J, Combes R, Tramoni M etal. Clinical features of diabetogenic of obesity. In: Vague J, Vague P, eds. Diabetes and obesity: proceedings of the 7th international congress of endocrinology. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, ICS 1979; 454: 127-47.
3. Reaven G. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595-607.
4. Kaplan N. The deadly quartet: upper body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch Int Med 1989; 149: 1514-20.
5. DeFronzo R, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance: a multi-faceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 1991; 14: 173-94.
6. Alberti K, Zimmer P. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Report of a WHO Consultation. Diabetic Med 1998; 16: 539-53.
7. Balkau B, Charles MA. Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabet Med 1999; 16: 442-3.
8. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III.). JAMA 2001; 285: 2486-97.
9. American College of Endocrinology Task. Force on the insulin resistance syndrome: American College of Endocrinology Position Statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr Pract 2003; 9: 236-52.
10. Hunt KJ, Resendez WK, Haffner SM, Stern MP. National Cholesterol Education Program versus Would Health Organization in relation to all cause and cardiovascular mortality in the San Antonio Heart Study. Circulation 2004; 110: 1251-7.
11. Stern MP, Hunt KJ, Williams K, Haffer SM, Gonzalez-Villalpando C. Does the metabolic syndrome improve identification of individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease? Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 2676-8.
12. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome - new worldwide definition. A consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabetic Medicine 2006; 23: 469-80.
13. Kahn R, Ferrannini I, Base J, Stern M. The metabolic syndrome: a time for a critical reappraisal. Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2289-304.
14. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J, the IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Guoup. The metabolic syndrome - a new world wide definition. Lancet 2005; 366: 1059-63.
15. McNeill AM, Schmidt MI, Rosamon D etal. The metabolic syndrome and 11-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 385-90.
16. Lakke HM, Laaksonen DE, Ladda TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA 2002; 288: 2709-16.
17. Lorenzo C, Stern MP, Okoloise M, Haffner SM, Williams K. The metabolic syndrome as predictor of type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 3153-9.
18. Hamaguchi M, Kojina T, Takeda N etal. The metabolic syndrome as a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Intern Med 2005; 143: 722-8.
19. Almeda-Valdes P, Cuevas-Ramos D, Aquilar-Salinas CA. Metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hepatol 2009; 8: 18-24.
20. Rector RS, Thyfault JP, Wei Y, Ibdak JA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 185-92.
21. Marchesini G, Bugianesi B, Forlani G etal. Nonalcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, and the metabolic syndrome. Hepatology 2003; 37: 917-23.
22. Matteoni CA, Younossi ZM, Gramlich T, Bopari N, Liu YC, McCullough AJ. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of clinical and pathological severity. Gastroenterology 1999; 116: 1417-9.
23. Kleiner DE, Brunt EM, Van Natta M etal. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatolgy 2005; 41: 1313-21.
24. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Clark JM, Bass NM etal. for the NASH Clinical Research Network. Clinical, laboratory and histological association in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2010; 52: 913-24.
25. McCullough AJ. The clinical features, diagnosis and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis 2004; 8: 521-33.
26. Edmison J, McCullough AJ. Pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: human data. Clin Liver Dis 2007; 11: 75-104.
27. McCullough AJ. The epidemiology and risk factors of NASH. In: Farrell GC, George J, Hall P, McCullough AJ, eds. Fatty Liver Disease: NASH and Related Disorders. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005; 23-37.
28. Clark JM. The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40: S5-S10.
29. Browning JD, Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins R etal. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology 2004; 40: 1387-95.
30. Ekstedt M, Franzen LE, Mathiensen UI, Thorelius L, Holmqvist M, Bodemar G. Long term follow up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes. Hepatology 2006; 44: 856-73.
31. Promrat K, Kleiner DK, Niemeier HM etal. Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2010; 51: 121-9.
32. Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Kowdley KV etal. for the NASH CRN. Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1675-85.
33. Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the US. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2745-9.
34. Thomas CN, Ho SY, Janus ED, Lam KSL, Hedley AJ, Lam TH. The US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2005; 67: 251-7.
35. Gu D, Reynolds K, Wu X, Chen J, Duan X, Reynolds RF, Whelton PK. He J for the InterAsia Collaborative Group. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and overweight among adults in China. Lancet 2005; 365: 1398-405.
36. Angulo P, Keach JC, Batts KP, Lindor KD. Independent prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 1999; 30: 1356-62.
37. Angulo P, Hui J, Marchesini G etal. The NAFLD fibrosis score: a noninvasive system that identifies liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Hepatology 2007; 45: 846-54.
38. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Clark JM, Bass NM etal. Clinical laboratory and histological associations in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2010; 52: 913-24.