Cerebral and myocardial blood flow responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in humans

American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Volumn 301, Issue 4, 2011, Pages

  Beaudin, Andrew E ^a   Brugniaux, Julien V ^a,e   Vöhringer, Matthias ^c,d   Flewitt, Jacqueline ^c,d   Green, Jordin D ^c,d,h   Friedrich, Matthias G ^c,d   Poulin, Marc J ^a,b,d,e,f,g  

^a Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^c Stephenson Cardiovascular MR Centre   (Canada)

^d LIBIN CARDIOVASCULAR INSTITUTE OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^f Faculties of Medicine of Canada   (Canada)

^g UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^h Faculties of Siemens Healthcare   (Canada)

Author keywords

Blood gases; Coronary sinus; Middle cerebral artery; Sensitivity; Vascular regulation

Indexed keywords

OXYHEMOGLOBIN;

ARTERIAL OXYGEN SATURATION; ARTICLE; BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN CIRCULATION; BRAIN HYPOXIA; CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY SINUS BLOOD FLOW; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; END TIDAL CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; FEMALE; HEART MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW; HEART MUSCLE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HUMAN; HYPERCAPNIA; MALE; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADULT; ANOXIA; BLOOD PRESSURE; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; CORONARY CIRCULATION; CORONARY SINUS; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; HYPERCAPNIA; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; OXYGEN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; OXYHEMOGLOBINS; REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW; RESPIRATORY MECHANICS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY, DOPPLER, TRANSCRANIAL; VASODILATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80053323683     PISSN: 03636135     EISSN: 15221539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00281.2011     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Aaslid R, Lindegaard KF, Sorteberg W, Nornes H. Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in humans. Stroke 20: 45-52, 1989.
2. Ainslie PN, Ashmead JC, Ide K, Morgan BJ, Poulin MJ. Differential responses to CO2 and sympathetic stimulation in the cerebral and femoral circulations in humans. J Physiol 566: 613-624, 2005.
3. Ainslie PN, Poulin MJ. Ventilatory, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular interactions in acute hypoxia: regulation by carbon dioxide. J Appl Physiol 97: 149-159, 2004.
4. Alexander CS, Liu SM. Effect of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on myocardial blood flow and performance in anaesthetized dogs. Cardiovasc Res 10: 341-348, 1976.
5. Arheden H, Saeed M, Tornqvist E, Lund G, Wendland MF, Higgins CB, Stahlberg F. Accuracy of segmented MR velocity mapping to measure small vessel pulsatile flow in a phantom simulating cardiac motion. J Magn Reson Imaging 13: 722-728, 2001.
6. Arts MG, Roevros JM. On the instantaneous measurement of bloodflow by ultrasonic means. Med Biol Eng 10: 23-34, 1972.
7. Bailey DM, Taudorf S, Berg RM, Lundby C, Pedersen BK, Rasmussen P, Moller K. Cerebral formation of free radicals during hypoxia does not cause structural damage and is associated with a reduction in mitochondrial PO2; evidence of O2-sensing in humans? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 31: 1020-1026, 2011.
8. Baron JF, Vicaut E, Hou X, Duvelleroy M. Independent role of arterial O2 tension in local control of coronary blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 258: H1388-H1394, 1990.
9. Berne RM, Winn HR, Rubio R. The local regulation of cerebral blood flow. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 24: 243-260, 1981.
10. Binks AP, Cunningham VJ, Adams L, Banzett RB. Gray matter blood flow change is unevenly distributed during moderate isocapnic hypoxia in humans. J Appl Physiol 104: 212-217, 2008.
11. Bishop CC, Powell S, Rutt D, Browse NL. Transcranial Doppler measurement of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity: a validation study. Stroke 17: 913-915, 1986.
12. Broten TP, Romson JL, Fullerton DA, Van Winkle DM, Feigl EO. Synergistic action of myocardial oxygen and carbon dioxide in controlling coronary blood flow. Circ Res 68: 531-542, 1991.
13. Brugniaux JV, Hodges AN, Hanly PJ, Poulin MJ. Cerebrovascular responses to altitude. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 158: 212-223, 2007.
14. Buck A, Schirlo C, Jasinksy V, Weber B, Burger C, von Schulthess GK, Koller EA, Pavlicek V. Changes of cerebral blood flow during short-term exposure to normobaric hypoxia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 18: 906-910, 1998.
15. Chen JJ, Pike GB. Global cerebral oxidative metabolism during hypercapnia and hypocapnia in humans: implications for BOLD fMRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 30: 1094-1099, 2010.
16. Cherniack NS, Edelman NH, Lahiri S. The effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia on respiratory neuron activity and cerebral aerobic metabolism. Chest 59, Suppl: 29S, 1971.
17. Dahl A, Lindegaard KF, Russell D, Nyberghansen R, Rootwelt K, Sorteberg W, Nornes H. A Comparison of transcranial Doppler and cerebral blood-flow studies to assess cerebral vasoreactivity. Stroke 23: 15-19, 1992.
18. Di Carli MF, Tobes MC, Mangner T, Levine AB, Muzik O, Chakroborty P, Levine TB. Effects of cardiac sympathetic innervation on coronary blood flow. N Engl J Med 336: 1208-1215, 1997.
19. Djurberg HG, Seed RF, Evans DA, Brohi FA, Pyper DL, Tjan GT, al Moutaery KR. Lack of effect of CO2 on cerebral arterial diameter in man. J Clin Anesth 10: 646-651, 1998.
20. Duncker DJ, Bache RJ. Regulation of coronary blood flow during exercise. Physiol Rev 88: 1009-1086, 2008.
21. Duong TQ. Cerebral blood flow and BOLD fMRI responses to hypoxia in awake and anesthetized rats. Brain Res 1135: 186-194, 2007.
22. Duruble M, Duvelleroy M, Gauduel Y, Martin JL, Teisseire B. Transient responses of coronary flow in the blood-perfused isolated rat heart submitted to changes in oxygen content. J Physiol 358: 321-334, 1985.
23. Edvinsson L, Krause DN. Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002, p. 2.
24. Feigl EO. Coronary physiology. Physiol Rev 63: 1-205, 1983.
25. Giller CA, Bowman G, Dyer H, Mootz L, Krippner W. Cerebral arterial diameters during changes in blood pressure and carbon dioxide during craniotomy. Neurosurgery 32: 737-741, 1993.
26. Greenberg HJ. Response time of cerebral arterioles to alterations in extravascular pH. Microvasc Res 14: 383-393, 1977.
27. Hatab MR, Giller CA, Clarke GD. Evaluation of cerebral arterial flow with transcranial Doppler ultrasound: theoretical development and phantom studies. Ultrasound Med Biol 23: 1025-1031, 1997.
28. Heistad D, Kontos H. Cerebral circulation. In: Handbook of Physiology. The Cardiovascular System. Peripheral Circulation and Organ Blood Flow. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1983, sect. 2, vol. III, pt. 1, chapt.5, p. 137-182.
29. Hill CE, Phillips JK, Sandow SL. Heterogeneous control of blood flow amongst different vascular beds. Med Res Rev 21: 1-60, 2001.
30. Hilton R, Eichholtz F. The influence of chemical factors on the coronary circulation. J Physiol 59: 413-425, 1925.
31. Hoffman WE, Albrecht RF 2nd, Ripper R, Jonjev ZS. Brain compared to heart tissue oxygen pressure during changes in arterial carbon dioxide in the dog. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 13: 303-309, 2001.
32. Hood WB Jr. Regional venous drainage of the human heart. Br Heart J30: 105-109, 1968.
33. Ide K, Eliasziw M, Poulin MJ. Relationship between middle cerebral artery blood velocity and end-tidal PCO2 in the hypocapnic-hypercapnic range in humans. J Appl Physiol 95: 129-137, 2003.
34. Jain V, Langham MC, Floyd TF, Jain G, Magland JF, Wehrli FW. Rapid magnetic resonance measurement of global cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption in humans during rest and hypercapnia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 3: 1504-1512, 2011.
35. Jensen JB, Sperling B, Severinghaus JW, Lassen NA. Augmented hypoxic cerebral vasodilation in men during 5 days at 3,810 m altitude. J Appl Physiol 80: 1214-1218, 1996.
36. Kawada N, Sakuma H, Yamakado T, Takeda K, Isaka N, Nakano T, Higgins CB. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: MR measurement of coronary blood flow and vasodilator flow reserve in patients and healthy subjects. Radiology 211: 129-135, 1999.
37. Kety SS, Schmidt CF. The effects of altered arterial tensions of carbon dioxide and oxygen on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption of normal young men. J Clin Invest 27: 484-492, 1948.
38. Kitamura K, Jorgensen CR, Gobel FL, Taylor HL, Wang Y. Hemodynamic correlates of myocardial oxygen consumption during upright exercise. J Appl Physiol 32: 516-522, 1972.
39. Krasney JA, Koehler RC. Influence of arterial hypoxia on cardiac and coronary dynamics in the conscious sinoaortic-denervated dog. J Appl Physiol 43: 1012-1018, 1977.
40. Kuga N, Hirata T, Sakai I, Tanikawa Y, Chiou HY, Kitanishi T, Matsuki N, Ikegaya Y. Rapid and local autoregulation of cerebrovascular blood flow: a deep-brain imaging study in the mouse. J Physiol 587: 745-752, 2009.
41. Lehot JJ, Leone BJ, Foex P. Effects of altered PaO2 and PaCO2 on left ventricular function and coronary hemodynamics in sheep. Anesth Analg 72: 737-743, 1991.
42. Lennox WG, Gibbs EL. The blood flow in the brain and the leg of man, and the changes induced by alteration of blood gases. J Clin Invest 11: 1155-1177, 1932.
43. Lund GK, Wendland MF, Shimakawa A, Arheden H, Stahlberg F, Higgins CB, Saeed M. Coronary sinus flow measurement by means of velocity-encoded cine MR imaging: validation by using flow probes in dogs. Radiology 217: 487-493, 2000.
44. Maeda H, Matsumoto M, Handa N, Hougaku H, Ogawa S, Itoh T, Tsukamoto Y, Kamada T. Reactivity of cerebral blood flow to carbon dioxide in hypertensive patients: evaluation by the transcranial Doppler method. J Hypertens 12: 191-197, 1994.
45. Matteis M, Troisi E, Monaldo BC, Caltagirone C, Silvestrini M. Age and sex differences in cerebral hemodynamics: a transcranial Doppler study. Stroke 29: 963-967, 1998.
46. Molina C, Sabín JA, Montaner J, Rovira A, Abilleira S, Codina A. Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity as a risk marker for first-ever lacunar infarction: a case-control study. Stroke 30: 2296-2301, 1999.
47. Momen A, Mascarenhas V, Gahremanpour A, Gao Z, Moradkhan R, Kunselman A, Boehmer JP, Sinoway LI, Leuenberger UA. Coronary blood flow responses to physiological stress in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296: H854-H861, 2009.
48. Noth U, Kotajima F, Deichmann R, Turner R, Corfield DR. Mapping of the cerebral vascular response to hypoxia and hypercapnia using quantitative perfusion MRI at 3 T. NMR Biomed 21: 464-472, 2008.
49. Omae T, Ibayashi S, Kusuda K, Nakamura H, Yagi H, Fujishima M. Effects of high atmospheric pressure and oxygen on middle cerebral blood flow velocity in humans measured by transcranial Doppler. Stroke 29: 94-97, 1998.
50. Poulin MJ, Liang PJ, Robbins PA. Dynamics of the cerebral blood flow response to step changes in end-tidal PCO2 and PO2 in humans. J Appl Physiol 81: 1084-1095, 1996.
51. Poulin MJ, Robbins PA. Indexes of flow and cross-sectional area of the middle cerebral artery using Doppler ultrasound during hypoxia and hypercapnia in humans. Stroke 27: 2244-2250, 1996.
52. Poulin MJ, Syed RJ, Robbins PA. Assessments of flow by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the middle cerebral artery during exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 86: 1632-1637, 1999.
53. Powers ER, Bannerman KS, Fitz-James I, Cannon PJ. Effect of elevations of coronary artery partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) on coronary blood flow. J Am Coll Cardiol 8: 1175-1181, 1986.
54. Schwitter J, DeMarco T, Kneifel S, von Schulthess GK, Jorg MC, Arheden H, Ruhm S, Stumpe K, Buck A, Parmley WW, Luscher TF, Higgins CB. Magnetic resonance-based assessment of global coronary flow and flow reserve and its relation to left ventricular functional parameters: a comparison with positron emission tomography. Circulation 101: 2696-2702, 2000.
55. Serrador JM, Picot PA, Rutt BK, Shoemaker JK, Bondar RL. MRI measures of middle cerebral artery diameter in conscious humans during simulated orthostasis. Stroke 31: 1672-1678, 2000.
56. Severinghaus JW. Simple, accurate equations for human blood O2 dissociation computations. J Appl Physiol 46: 599-602, 1979.
57. Shapiro W, Wasserman AJ, Patterson JL Jr. Human cerebrovascular response to combined hypoxia and hypercapnia. Circ Res 19: 903-910, 1966.
58. Sicard KM, Duong TQ. Effects of hypoxia, hyperoxia, and hypercapnia on baseline and stimulus-evoked BOLD, CBF, and CMRO2 in spontaneously breathing animals. Neuroimage 25: 850-858, 2005.
59. Steinback CD, Poulin MJ. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to acute isocapnic and poikilocapnic hypoxia in humans. J Appl Physiol 104: 482-489, 2008.
60. Tzou WS, Korcarz CE, Aeschlimann SE, Morgan BJ, Skatrud JB, Stein JH. Coronary flow velocity changes in response to hypercapnia: assessment by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 20: 421-426, 2007.
61. van den Bos GC, Drake AJ, Noble MI. The effect of carbon dioxide upon myocardial contractile performance, blood flow and oxygen consumption. J Physiol 287: 149-161, 1979.
62. van Rossum AC, Visser FC, Hofman MB, Galjee MA, Westerhof N, Valk J. Global left ventricular perfusion: noninvasive measurement with cine MR imaging and phase velocity mapping of coronary venous outflow. Radiology 182: 685-691, 1992.
63. Vance JP, Parratt JR, McBride TI, Ledingham IM. The effects of hypoxia on myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption. Br J Anaesth 42: 558, 1970.
64. Vantanajal JS, Ashmead JC, Anderson TJ, Hepple RT, Poulin MJ. Differential sensitivities of cerebral and brachial blood flow to hypercapnia in humans. J Appl Physiol 102: 87-93, 2007.
65. Wei EP, Kontos HA, Patterson JL Jr. Dependence of pial arteriolar response to hypercapnia on vessel size. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 238: H697-H703, 1980.
66. Wyss CA, Koepfli P, Fretz G, Seebauer M, Schirlo C, Kaufmann PA. Influence of altitude exposure on coronary flow reserve. Circulation 108: 1202-1207, 2003.
67. Xu F, Uh J, Brier MR, Hart J Jr, Yezhuvath US, Gu H, Yang Y, Lu H. The influence of carbon dioxide on brain activity and metabolism in conscious humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 31: 58-67, 2011.
68. Xu F, Yezhuvath US, Wang P, Lu H. Hypoxia and hyperoxia alter brain metabolism in awake humans. In: International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Annual Meeting. Stockholm, Sweden, 2010.
69. Yablonskiy DA. Cerebral metabolic rate in hypercapnia: controversy continues. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 31: 1502-1503, 2011.
70. Yokoyama I, Inoue Y, Kinoshita T, Itoh H, Kanno I, Iida H. Heart and brain circulation and CO2 in healthy men. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 193: 303-308, 2008.