Differential Diagnosis of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Proximal to the Ligament of Trietz

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 555-566

  Acosta, Ruben D ^a,b   Wong, Roy K H ^a,b  

^a UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIVERSITY OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^b WALTER REED ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Bleeding; Etiology; Presentation; Upper gastrointestinal tract

Indexed keywords

NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR;

ANGIODYSPLASIA; AORTOINTESTINAL FISTULA; DIEULAFOY DISEASE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASE; DUODENAL ULCER BLEEDING; ESOPHAGITIS; ESOPHAGUS TUMOR; GASTRIC ULCER BLEEDING; GASTRITIS; HELICOBACTER INFECTION; HEMATOCHEZIA; HUMAN; LEIOMYOMA; LYMPHOMA; MALLORY WEISS SYNDROME; PEPTIC ULCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STOMACH ANTRUM VASCULAR ECTASIA; STRESS RELATED MUCOSAL DISEASE; UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; ENDOSCOPY, GASTROINTESTINAL; ESOPHAGEAL DISEASES; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HELICOBACTER INFECTIONS; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HEMOBILIA; HUMANS; INTESTINAL FISTULA; PEPTIC ULCER HEMORRHAGE; RISK FACTORS; STOMACH DISEASES; UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; VASCULAR FISTULA;

EID: 80053193619     PISSN: 10525157     EISSN: 15581950     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2011.07.014     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Eisen G.C., Dominitz J., Faigel D., et al. An annotated algorithmic approach to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2001, 53:853-858.
2. Yavorski R., Wong R., Maydonovitch C., et al. Analysis of 3,294 cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in military medical facilities. Am J Gastroenterol 1995, 90:568-573.
3. Jensen D.M., Machicado G.A. Diagnosis and treatment of sever hematochezia. The role of urgent colonoscopy after purge. Gastroenteorology 1988, 95:1569.
4. Zuckerman G.R., Trellis D.R., Sherman T.M., et al. An objective measure of stool color for differentiating upper from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Dis Sci 1995, 40:1614.
5. Wilcox C.M., Alexander L.N., Cotsonis G. A prospective characterization of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage presenting with hematochezia. Am J Gastroenterol 1997, 92:231.
6. Grossman M.I. The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Gastric Ulcer: 10. Resume and comment. Gastroenterology 1971, 61(4 Suppl 2):635-638.
7. Bytzer P. Endoscopic follow-up of gastric ulcer to detect malignancy: is it worthwhile?. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991, 26(11):93-99.
8. Borody T.J., George L.L., Brandl S., et al. Helicobacter pylori-negative duodenal ulcer. Am J Gastroenterol 1991, 86(9):1154-1157.
9. Weels J.F., van der Hulst R.W., Gerrits Y., et al. The interrelationship between cytotoxin associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin, and Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. J Infect Dis 1996, 173(5):1171-1175.
10. Nakamura S., Yao T., Aoyagi K., et al. Helicobacter pylori and primary gastric lymphoma. A histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 237 patients. Cancer 1997, 79:3.
11. Parsonnet J., Hansen S., Rodriguez L., et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma. N Engl J Med 1994, 330:1267.
12. Pajares J.M. H. pylori infection: its role in chronic gastritis, carcinoma, and peptic ulcer. Hepatogastroenterology 1995, 42:827.
13. Shibata T., Imoto I., Ohuchi Y., et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric carcinoma in biopsy and surgical resection specimens. Cancer 1996, 77:1044.
14. Hopkins R.J., Girardi L.S., Turney E.A. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori eradication and reduced duodenal and gastric ulcer recurrence: a review. Gastroenterology 1996, 110(4):1244-1252.
15. Lichtenstein D.R., Syngal S., Wolfe M.M. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the gastrointestinal tract: the double-edged sword. Arthritis Rheum 1995, 38(1):5-18.
16. Cappell M.S., Schein J.R. Diagnosis and treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug associated upper gastrointestinal toxicity. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2000, 29(1):97-124.
17. Meko J.B., Norton J.A. Management of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Annu Rev Med 1995, 46:395-411.
18. Chamberlain C.E. Acute hemorrhagic gastritis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1993, 22(4):843-873.
19. Harty R.F., Ancha H.B. Stress ulcer bleeding. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2006, 9(2):157-166.
20. Stollman N., Metz D.C. Pathophysiology and prophylaxis of stress ulcer in intensive care unit patients. J Crit Care 2005, 20(1):35-45.
21. Janicki T., Stewart S. Stress ulcer prophylaxis for general medical patients: a review of the evidence. J Hosp Med 2007, 2(2):86-92.
22. Kantorova I., Svoboda P., Scheer P., et al. Stress ulcer prophylaxis of stress ulcer in intensive care unit patients. J Crit Care 2005, 20(1):35-45.
23. Caletti G.C., Ferrari A., Mattioli S., et al. Endoscopy versus endoscopic ultrasonography in staging reflux esophagitis. Endoscopy 1994, 26(9):794-797.
24. Lee Y.T., Walmsley R.S., Leong R.W., et al. Dieulafoy's lesion. Gastrointest Endosc 2003, 58(2):236-243.
25. Dimaio C.J., Stevens P.D. Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2007, 17(2):253-272.
26. Fockens P., Tygat G.N. Dieulafoy's disease. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1996, 6(4):739-752.
27. Akhras J., Patel P., Tobi M. Dieulafoy's lesion-like bleeding: an underrecognized cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with advanced liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 2007, 52(3):722-726.
28. Iacoponi F., Petruzziello L., Marchese M., et al. Hemostasis of Dieulafoy's by argon plasma coagulation. Gastrointest Endosc 2007, 66(1):20-26.
29. Park C.H., Joo Y.E., Kim H.S., et al. A prospective randomized trial of endoscopic band ligation versus endoscopic hemoclip placement for bleeding gastric Dieulafoy's lesions. Endoscopy 2004, 36(8):677-681.
30. Jaspersen D. Dieulafoy's disease controlled by Doppler ultrasound endoscopic treatment. Gut 1993, 34:857.
31. Kortas D.Y., Haas L.S., Simpson W.G., et al. Mallory-Weiss tear: predisposing factors and predictors of a complicated course. Am J Gastroenterol 2001, 96(10):2863-2865.
32. Harris J.M., DiPalma J.A. Clinical significance of Mallory-Weiss tears. Am J Gastroenterol 1993, 88(12):2056-2058.
33. Sugawa C., Benishek D., Walt A.J. Mallory-Weiss syndrome: a study of 224 patients. Am J Surg 1983, 145(1):30-33.
34. Fallah M.A., Prakash C., Edmundowicz S. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Med Clin North Am 2000, 84(5):1183-1208.
35. Graham D.Y., Schwartz J.T., Cain G.D., et al. Prospective evaluation of biopsy number in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric carcinoma. Gastroenterology 1982, 82(2):228-231.
36. Savides T.J., Jensen D.M., Cohen J., et al. Severe gastrointestinal tumor bleeding: endoscopic findings, treatment, and outcome. Endoscopy 1996, 28(2):244-248.
37. Hsu C.C., Chen J.J., Changchien C.S. Endoscopic features of metastatic tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy 1996, 28(2):249-253.
38. Novitsky Y.W., Kercher K.W., Czerniach D.R., et al. Watermelon stomach: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. J Gastrointest Surg 2003, 7(5):652-661.
39. Watson M., Halley R.J., McCue P.A., et al. Gastric antral vascular ectasia (watermelon stomach) in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:341.
40. Jutabha R., Jensen D.M. Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the patient with chronic liver disease. Med Clin North Am 1996, 80(5):1035-1068.
41. Ikeda M., Ishida H., Nakamura E., et al. An endoscopic follow-up study of the development of diffuse antral vascular ectasia. Endoscopy 1996, 28(4):390-393.
42. Gilliam J.H., Geisinger K.R., Wu W.C., et al. Endoscopic biopsy is diagnostic in gastric antral vascular ectasia: the "watermelon stomach" Dig Dis Sci 1989, 34(6):885-888.
43. Pavey D.A., Craig P.I. Endoscopic therapy for upper GI vascular ectasias. Gastrointest Endosc 2004, 59(2):233-238.
44. Ng I., Lai K.C., Ng M. Clinical and histological features of gastric antral vascular ectasia: successful treatment with endoscopic laser therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 11(3):270-274.
45. Spahr L., Villenueve J.P., Dufresne M.P., et al. Gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhotic patients: absence of relation with portal hypertension. Gut 1999, 44:739.
46. Kamath P.S., Lacerda M., Ahlquist D.A., et al. Gastric mucosal responses to intrahepatic portosystemic shunting in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenteorology 2000, 118:905.
47. Manning R.J. Estrogen/progesterone treatment of diffuse antral vascular ectasia. Am J Gastroenterol 1995, 90:154.
48. Wotherspoon A. Gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and Helicobacter pylori. Annu Rev Med 1998, 49:289-299.
49. Chen L.T., Lin J.T., Tai J.J., et al. Long term results of anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy in early stage gastric high-grade transformed MALT lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005, 97(18):1345-1353.
50. Wundisch T., Thiede C., Morgner A., et al. Long-term follow-up of gastric MALT lymphoma after Helicobacter pylori eradication. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23(31):8018-8024.
51. Foutch P.G. Angiodysplasia of the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Gastroenterol 1993, 88(6):807-818.
52. Cappell M.S., Gupta A. Changing epidemiology of gastrointestinal angiodysplasia with increasing recognition of clinically milder cases: angiodysplasia tend to produce mild chronic gastrointestinal bleeding in a study of 47 consecutive patients admitted from 1980-1989. Am J Gastroenterol 1992, 87(2):201-206.
53. Cappell M.S. Spatial clustering of simultaneous nonhereditary gastrointestinal angiodysplasia: small but significant correlation between nonhereditary colonic and upper gastrointestinal angiodysplasia. Dig Dis Sci 1992, 37(7):1072-1077.
54. Boley S.J., Brandt L.J. Vascular ectasias of the colon-1986. Dig Dis Sci 1986, 31(Suppl 9):26S-42S.
55. Chalasani N., Cotsonis G., Wilcox C.M. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with chronic renal failure: role of vascular ectasia. Am J Gastroenterol 1996, 91(11):2329-2332.
56. Cappell M.S., Lebwohl O. Cessation of recurrent bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasias after aortic valve replacement. Ann Intern Med 1986, 105(1):54-57.
57. Gates C., Morand E.F., Davis M., et al. Sclerotherapy as treatment of recurrent bleeding from upper gastrointestinal telangiectasia in CREST syndrome. Br J Rheumatol 1993, 32(8):760-761.
58. Vincentelli A., Susen S., Le Torneau T., et al. Acquired von Willebrand syndrome in aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med 2003, 349(4):343-349.
59. Abdalla S.A., Geistoff U.W., Bonneau D., et al. Visceral manifestations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2. J Med Genet 2003, 40(7):494-502.
60. Kjeldsen A.D., Kjeldsen J. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Am J Gastroenterol 2000, 95(2):415-418.
61. Haitjema T., Disch F., Overtoom T.T., et al. Screening family members of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Am J Med 1995, 99(5):519-524.
62. Cappell M.S. Gastrointestinal vascular malformations or neoplasms: arterial, venous, arteriovenous, and capillary. Textbook of gastroenterology 2003, 2722-2741. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 4th edition. T. Yamada, D.H. Alpers, N. Kaplowitz (Eds.).
63. Brandt L.J., Spinnell M.K. Ability of naloxone to enhance the colonoscopic appearance of normal colon vasculature and colon vascular ectasias. Gastrointest Endosc 1999, 49(1):79-83.
64. Tedesco F.J., Griffin J.W., Khan A.Q. Vascular ectasia of the colon: clinical, colonoscopic, and radiographic features. J Clin Gastroenterol 1980, 2(3):233-238.
65. Chapman W.C., Abecassis M., Jarnagin W., et al. Bile duct injuries 12 years after the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2003, 7:412-416.
66. Sherman S., Jamidar P., Shaked A., et al. Biliary tract complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Endoscopic approach to diagnosis and therapy. Transplantation 1995, 20:391.
67. Spieth M.E., Hou C.C., Ewing P.D., et al. Hemobilia presenting as intermittent gastrointestinal hemorrhage with sincalide confirmation. A case report. Clin Nucl Med 1995, 20:391.
68. Katsinelos P., Paroutoglo G., Beltsis A., et al. Endoscopic hemoclip placement for postsphincterotomy bleeding refractory to injection therapy: report of two cases. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2005, 15(4):238-240.
69. Koto K., Satoh M., Kyoda S., et al. Successful control of hemobilia secondary to metastatic liver cancer with transcatheter arterial embolization. Am J Gastroenterol 1991, 86:1642.
70. Murata K., Oohashi Y., Takase K., et al. A case of hemobilia after percutaneous liver biopsy treated by transcatheter arterial embolization with Histoacryl. Am J Gastroenterol 1996, 91:160.
71. Grieco A., Bianco A., Pieri S., et al. Massive haemobilia after percutaneous liver biopsy in a patient with POEMS syndrome successfully treated by arterial embolization. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 8:595.
72. Rivitz S.M., Waltman A.C., Kelsey P.B. Embolization of a hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1996, 19:43.
73. Smith T.P., McDermott V.G., Ayoub D.M., et al. Percutaneous transhepatic liver biopsy with tract embolization. Radiology 1996, 198:769.
74. Miettinen M., Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: definition, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic features and differential diagnosis. Virchows Arch 2001, 438(1):1-12.
75. Chou F.F., Eng H.L., Sheen-Chen S.M. Smooth muscle tumors of the gastrointestinal tract: analysis of prognostic factors. Surgery 1996, 119(2):171-177.
76. Demetri G.D., Benjamin R.S., Blanke C., et al. NCCN Task Force Report: management of patients with gastrointestinal tumor (GIST)-update of the NCCN clinical practice guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2007, 5(Suppl 2):S1-S29.
77. Antinori C.H., Andrew C.T., Santaspirt J.S., et al. The many faces of aortoenteric fistulas. Am Surg 1996, 62:344.