Climate-controlled mass extinctions, facies, and sea-level changes around the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the eastern Anti-Atlas (SE Morocco)

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 310, Issue 3-4, 2011, Pages 340-364

  Kaiser, Sandra Isabella ^a   Becker, Ralf Thomas ^b   Steuber, Thomas ^c   Aboussalam, Sarah Zhor ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

^c KHALIFA UNIVERSITY   (United Arab Emirates)

Author keywords

Ammonoids; Biostratigraphy; Conodonts; Glaciation; Hangenberg Event; Sequence stratigraphy

Indexed keywords

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CORRELATION; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY; FACIES; GONDWANA; MASS EXTINCTION; PALEOCLIMATE; RECONSTRUCTION; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; SILICICLASTIC DEPOSIT;

ANTI ATLAS; ATLAS MOUNTAINS; MOROCCO;

AMMONOIDEA;

EID: 80053131880     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.07.026     Document Type: Article

References (191)

1. Alekseev A.S., Barskov I.S., Kononova L.I. Conodonts of Famennian-Tournaisian boundary deposits from the central region of the Russian Platform. Serv. Géol. Belg., Prof. Pap. 1979, (5):52-58.
2. Algeo T.J., Scheckler S.E. Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events. R. Soc. London, Philos. Trans. (B): Biol. Sci. 1998, 353:113-130.
3. Almond J., Marshall J., Evans F. Latest Devonian and earliest Carboniferous glacial events in South Africa. 16th Internat. Sed. Congr., Abstr. 2002, 11-12.
4. Amler M.R., Thomas E., Weber K.M., Stephan W. Bivalven des höchsten Oberdevons im Bergischen Land (Strunium; nördliches Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). Geol. Palaeontol. 1990, 24:41-63.
5. Armstrong A.K., Mamet B.L., Repetski J.E. The Mississippian System of New Mexico and southern Arizona. Palaeozoic Paleogeography of West-Central United States, SEPM, Rocky Mountain Section 1980, 82-99. Denver. T.D. Fouch, E.R. Magatham (Eds.).
6. Atta-Peters D., Anan-Yorke R. Latest Devonian and Early Carboniferous pteridophytic spores from the Sekondi Group of Ghana. Rev. Españ. Micropaleontol. 2003, 35(1):9-27.
7. Avchimovitch V.I., Byvsheva T.V., Higgs K., Streel M., Umnova V.T. Miospore systematics and stratigraphic correlation of Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary deposits in the European part of the USSR and western Europe. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1988, 100:169-191.
8. Bai S.L., Ning Z. Faunal change and events across the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary of Huangmao section, Guangxi, South China. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol., Mem. 1989, 14(III):147-157.
9. Bai S.L., Bai Z.Q., Ma X.P., Wang D.R., Sun Y.L. Devonian Events and Biostratigraphy of South China 1994, Peking University Press.
10. Baird G.C., Carr R.K., Hannibal J.T., Brett C.E., Brett B.L. Uppermost Devonian (Famennian) stratigraphy of the Cleveland area, northeastern Ohio. Middle and Upper Devonian Sequences, Sea-Level, Climatic and Biotic Events in East-Central Laurentia: Kentucky, Ohio, and Michigan, North American Paleontological Convention - 2009. Field trip No. 10 2009, C.E. Brett, A.J. Bartholomew, M.J. DeSantis (Eds.).
11. Barskov I.S., Simakov K.V., Alekseev A.S., Bogoslovskiy B.I., Byvsheva T.V., Gagiev M.H., Kononova L.N., Kochetkova N.M., Kusina L.F., Reitlinger E.A. Devonian-Carboniferous transitional deposits of the Berchogur section, Mugodzary, USSR. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1984, 67:207-230.
12. Bartzsch K., Blumenstengel H., Weyer D. Stratigraphie des Oberdevons im Thüringischen Schiefergebirge. Teil 1: Schwarzburg-Antiklinorium. Betr. Geol. Thüringen, N.F. 6 1999, 159-189.
13. Bartzsch K., Blumenstengel H., Weyer D. Stratigraphie des Oberdevons im Thüringischen Schiefergebirge. Teil 2: Berga-Antiklinorium. Betr. Geol. Thüringen, N.F. 8 2001, 303-327.
14. Becker R.T. Anoxia, eustatic changes, and Upper Devonian to Lowermost Carboniferous global ammonoid diversity. Syst. Ass., Spec. 1993, vol. 47:115-164. M.R. House (Ed.).
15. Becker R.T. Analysis of ammonoid palaeobiogeography in relation to the global Hangenberg (terminal Devonian) and Lower Alum Shale (Middle Tournaisian) events. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1993, 115:459-473.
16. Becker R.T. New faunal records and holostratigraphic correlation of the Hasselbachtal D/C-boundary auxiliary stratotype (Germany). Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1996, 117:19-45.
17. Becker R.T., House M.R. Devonian ammonoid succession at Jbel Amelane (western Tafilalt, Southern Morocco). Notes Mém. Serv. Géol. 2000, 399:37-42.
18. Becker R.T., House M.R. Devonian ammonoid zones and their correlation with established series and stage boundaries. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 2000, 220:113-151.
19. Becker R.T., Bockwinkel J., Ebbighausen V., House M.R. Jebel Mrakib, Anti-Atlas (Morocco), a potential Upper Famennian substage boundary stratotype section. Notes Mém. Serv. Géol. Maroc 2000, 399:75-86.
20. Becker R.T., House M.R., Bockwinkel J., Ebbighausen V., Aboussalam Z.S. Famennian ammonoid zones of the eastern Anti-Atlas (southern Morocco). Münst. Forsch. Geol. Paläeontol. 2002, 93:159-2005.
21. Becker R.T., Kaiser S.I., Aboussalam Z.S. The Lower Alum Shale Event (Middle Tournaisian) in Morocco - facies and faunal changes. Kölner Forum Geol. Paläeontol. 2006, 15:7-8.
22. Belka Z., Klug C., Kaufmann B., Korn D., Döring S., Feist R., Wendt J. Devonian conodont and ammonoid succession of the eastern Tafilalt (Ouidane Chebbi section), Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Acta Geol. Pol. 1999, 49(1):1-23.
23. Bless M.J.M., Becker R.T., Higgs K., Paproth E., Streel M. Eustatic cycles around the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary and the sedimentary and fossil record in Sauerland (Federal Republic of Germany). Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1993, 115:689-702.
24. Bockwinkel J., Ebbighausen V. A new ammonoid fauna from the Gattendorfia-Eocanites Genozone of the Anti-Atlas (Early Carboniferous, Morocco). Fossil Rec. 2006, 9(1):87-129.
25. Brezinski D.K., Cecil C.B., Skema V.W. Late Devonian glacigenic and associated facies from the central Appalachian Basin, eastern United States. GSA Bull. 2010, 122(1/2):265-281.
26. Brice D., Legrand-Blain M., Nicollin J.-P. New data on Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous brachiopods from NW Sahara: Morocco, Algeria. Ann. Soc. Géol. Nord 2005, 12(2ème série):1-45.
27. Brice D., Legrand-Blain M., Nicollin J.-P. Brachiopod faunal changes across the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in NW Sahara (Morocco, Algeria). Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 2007, 278:261-271. R.T. Becker, W.T. Kirchgasser (Eds.).
28. 18O records - their relation to the Late Palaeozoic Glaciation. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2008, 268:273-292.
29. Byvsheva T.V., Umnova N.I. Palynological characteristics of the lower part of the Carboniferous of the central region of the Russian Platform. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1993, 155(2):519-529.
30. Byvsheva T.V., Higgs K., Streel M. Spore correlations between the Rhenish Slate Mountains and the Russian Platform near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1984, 67:37-45.
31. Caputo M.V., Melo J.H.G., Streel M., Isbell J.L. Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous glacial records of South America. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 2008, 441:161-173.
32. Casier J.-G., Mamet B., Préat A., Sandberg C.A. Sedimentology, conodonts and ostracods of the Devonian-Carboniferous strata of the Anseremme railway bridge section, Dinant Basin, Belgium. Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. 2004, 74:45-68.
33. Catuneanu O., Abreu V., Bhattacharya J.P., Blum M.D., Dalrymple R.W., Eriksson P.G., Fielding C.R., Fisher W.L., Galloway W.E., Gibling M.R., Giles K.A., Holbrook J.M., Jordan R., Kendall C.G.S.C., Macurda B., Martinsen O.J., Miall A.D., Neal J.E., Nummedal D., Pomar L., Posamentier H.W., Pratt B.R., Sarg J.F., Shanley K.W., Steel R.J., Strasser A., Tucker M.E., Winker C. Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy. Earth-Sci. Rev. 2009, 92:1-33.
34. Clayton G., Graham J.R., Higgs K., Sevastopulo G.D., Welsh A. Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous palaeogeography of southern Ireland and southwest Britain. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1986, 109:103-111.
35. Cloud P.E., Barnes V.E., Hass W.H. Devonian-Mississippian transition in Central Texas. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 1957, 68:807-816.
36. Coleman U., Clayton G. Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the uppermost Devonian and Lower Mississippian of eastern Kentucky (U.S.A.), and correlation with western Europe. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1987, 98:75-93.
37. Conrad J. Northwestern and central Saharan areas. Stratigraphic and structural framework. IUGS Publ. 1985, 20:303-306. R.H. Wagner, C.F. Winkler Prins, L.F. Granados (Eds.).
38. Conrad J. Tindouf Basin. IUGS Publ. 1985, 20:325-327. R.H. Wagner, C.F. Winkler Prins, L.F. Granados (Eds.).
39. Conrad J., Pareyn M.M.C., Weyant M. Mise en evidence du Tournaisien inférieur dans la vallée de la Saoura (Sahara nord-occidentale) et conséquences paléogeographiques. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 1970, 271(Série D):900-903.
40. Conrad J., Massa D., Weyant M. Late Devonian regression and Early Carboniferous transgression on the northern African platform. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1986, 109:113-122.
41. Coquel R., Moreau-Benoit A. Les spores des séries Struniennes et Tournaisiennes de Libye occidentale. Rev. Micropaléontol. 1986, 29(1):17-43.
42. Corradini C. Revision of Famennian-Tournaisian (Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous) conodont biostratigraphy of Sardinia, Italy. Rev. Micropaléontol. 2008, 51:123-132.
43. Corradini C., Kaiser S.I., Perri M.C., Spalletta C. Conodont genus Protognathodus and its potential as a tool for defining the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary. Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Strat. 2011, 117(1):15-28.
44. Cramer B.D., Saltzman M.R., Day J.E., Witzke B.J. Record of the Late Devonian Hangenberg global positive carbon-isotope excursion in an epeiric sea setting: carbonate production, organic-carbon burial and paleoceanography during the Late Famennian. Geol. Assoc. Can. Spec. Pap. 2008, 48:103-118.
45. Dino R. Palynostratigraphy of the Silurian and Devonian sequence of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. Ordovician-Devonian Palynostratigraphy in Western Gondwana: Update, Problems and Perspectives 2000, 27-61. M.A.C. Rodrigues, E. Pereira (Eds.).
46. Draganits E., Mawson R., Talent J.A., Krystyn L. Lithostratigraphy, conodont biostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Middle Devonian (Givetian) to Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Lipak Formation in the Pin Valley of Spiti (NW India). Riv. Ital. Palaeontol. Strat. 1999, 108(1):7-35.
47. Dunham R.J. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem. 1962, 1:108-121.
48. Dzik J. Emergence and succession of Carboniferous conodont and ammonoid communities in the Polish part of the Variscan sea. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 1997, 42(1):57-164.
49. Ebbighausen V., Bockwinkel J. Tournaisian (Early Carboniferous/Mississippian) ammonoids from the Ma'der Basin (Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Fossil Rec. 2007, 10(2):125-163.
50. Ebbighausen V., Korn D. Conch geometry and ontogenetic trajectories in the Late Devonian triangularly coiled ammonoid Wocklumeria. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläeontol. Abh. 2007, 244(1):9-41.
51. Ebbighausen V., Bockwinkel K., Korn D., Weyer D. Early Tournaisian ammonoids from Timimoun (gourara, Algeria). Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Geowiss. Reihe 2004, 7:133-152.
52. Einsele G., Ricken W., Seilacher A. Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy 1991, Springer, Heidelberg, 955 pp.
53. Embry A.F., Klovan J.E. Absolute water depth limits of Late Devonian paleoecological zones. Geol. Rundsch. 1972, 61:672-686.
54. Fan Y., Yu X., He P.Y., Pan Y., Li X., Wang F., Tang D., Zhao P., Liu J. The Late Palaeozoic rugose corals of Xizang (Tibet) and adjacent regions and their palaeobiogeography. Nat. Sci. Found. China, Ser. Geosci. 2003, 1-679. Earth, Hunan Science & Technology Press.
55. Flajs G., Feist R. Index conodonts, trilobites and environment of the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary beds at La Serre (Montagne Noire, France). Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1988, 100:53-107. G. Flajs, R. Feist, W. Ziegler (Eds.).
56. Flügel E. Microfacies Analysis of Limestones 1982, Springer, Berlin.
57. Fröhlich S. Phosphatic black pebbles and nodules on a Devonian carbonate shelf (Anti-Atlas, Morocco). J. Earth Sci. 2004, 38:243-254.
58. Gagiev M.H. Sedimentary evolution and sea-level fluctuations in the Devonian of North-east Asia. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1997, 199:75-82.
59. Gagiev M.H., Kononova L.I. The Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous Sequences in the Kamenka River section (Kolyma River Basin, the Soviet North-East). Stratigraphic description. Conodonta. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1990, 118:81-103.
60. Gevin P. Série Paléozoique d'Aouinet Legra (Sahara occidental). Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. 1948, 18(Sér. 5):369-381.
61. Ginter M., Hairapetian V., Klug C. Famennian chondrichthyans from the shelves of North Gondwana. Acta Geol. Pol. 2002, 52(2):169-215.
62. Göncüoglu M.C., Boncheva I., Göncüuglu Y. First discovery of Middle Tournaisian conodonts in the griotte-type nodular pelagic limestones, Istanbul area, NW Turkey. Riv. Ital. Palaeont. Strat. 2004, 110(2):431-439.
63. Gong X., Wong J., Huang H., Wei W., Zhang Z., Yin B., Wang C., Wu X. Devonian-Carboniferous Transitional Beds of South China - Guidebook 1985, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.
64. González F., Moreno C., Santos A. The massive sulphide event in the Iberian Pyrite Belt: confirmatory evidence from the Sotiel-Coronada Mine. Geol. Mag. 2006, 143(6):821-827.
65. Gourvennec R., Bitam L., Robardet M. Les formations paléozoiques anté-carbonifères du sous-bassin de l'Iguidi (Flanc sud du bassin de Tindouf, nord-ouest du Sahara Algérien). Bull. Serv. Géol. Algérie 1997, 8(2):135-148.
66. Guerrak S. Time and space distribution of Palaeozoic oolitic ironstones in the Tindouf Basin, Algerian Sahara. Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 1989, 46:197-212. T.P. Young, W.E.G. Taylor (Eds.).
67. Guerrak S., Chauvel J.J. Les minéralisations ferrifères du Sahara Algerien: le gisement de fer oolithique de Mecheri Abdelazis (bassin de Tindouf). Miner. Deposita 1985, 20:249-259.
68. Gutschick R.C., Rodriguez J. Biostratigraphy of the Pilot Shale (Devonian-Mississippian) and contemporaneous strata in Utah, Nevada, and Montana. Brigham Young Univ., Geol. Stud. 1979, 26:37-63.
69. Gutschick R.C., Sandberg C.A. Upper Devonian biostratigraphy of Michigan Basin. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 1991, 256:155-179.
70. Hahn, G., Müller, P., Becker, R.T., in press. Unterkarbonische Trilobiten aus dem Anti-Atlas (S-Marokko). Geol. Palaeontol., 46.
71. Haq B.U., Hardenbol J., Vail P.R. Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea-level change. SEPM Special Publications 1988, 42:71-108. C.K. Wilgus, B.S. Hastings, C.A. Ross, H. Posamentier, J. VanWagoner, C.G.S.C. Kendall (Eds.).
72. Hartenfels S., Becker R.T. Timing of the global Dasberg Crisis - implications for Famennian eustasy and chronostratigraphy. Palaeontol. Am. 2009, 63:69-95.
73. Herbig H.-G., Tragelehn H., Amler A. Höchstes Oberdevon und Mississippium im Niederbergischen Land zwischen Ratingen und Wuppertal (Velberter Sattel, Herzkamper Mulde) - Der Übergang vom Kohlenkalkschelf in das Kulmbecken. IUGS, Subkomm. f. Karbonstrat. i. d. Deutsch. Strat. Kommission 2001.
74. Hewitt R.A. Architecture and strength of the ammonoid shell. Topics in Geobiology 1996, 13:297-336. Plenum Press, New York. N.H. Landman, K. Tanabe, R.A. Davis (Eds.).
75. Higgs K.T., Streel M. Palynological age for the lower part of the Hangenberg Shales in Sauerland, Germany. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1994, 116:243-247.
76. Hollard H. Découverte de Goniatites tournaisiennes dans le Maider (Province du Tafilalt, Maroc). C. R. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 1958, 247(10):789-792.
77. Hollard H. Extension du Tournaisien dans la région de Taouz et dans le sud du Tafilalt (Maroc). C. R. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 1960, 250(4):733-735.
78. Hollard H. Sur la transgression dinantienne au Maroc présaharien. C. R. 6é Congr. Int. Strat. Géol. Carb. 1970, 3:923-936.
79. Hollard H. Tableaux de corrélations du Silurien et du Dévonien de l'Anti-Atlas. Notes Serv. Géol. Maroc 1981, 42(308). (23 + 5 tabs).
80. Hollard H., Jaquemont P. Le Gothlandien, le Dévonien et le Carbonifère des régions du Dra et du Zemoul. Notes Serv. Géol. Maroc 1956, 15:7-33.
81. Hou H., Ji Q., Wu X., Xiong J., Wang S., Gao L., Sheng H., Wei J., Turner S. Muhua Sections of Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary Beds 1985, Geological Publishing House, Beijing.
82. House M.R. An Eocanites fauna from the Early Carboniferous of Chile and its palaeogeographic implications. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1996, 117(1):95-105.
83. Hunt D., Tucker M.E. Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract deposition during base-level forced-reply. Sediment. Geol. 1995, 95:147-160.
84. Isaacson P.E., Hladil J., Shen J.-W., Kalvoda J., Grader G. Late Devonian (Famennian) glaciation in South America and marine offlap on other continents. Abh. Geol. B.-A. 1999, 54:239-257.
85. Isaacson P.E., Díaz-Martínez E., Grader G.W., Kalvoda J., Babek O., Devuyst F.X. Late Devonian-earliest Mississippian glaciation in Gondwanaland and its biogeographic consequences. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2008, 268:126-142.
86. Johnson J.G., Klapper G., Sandberg C.A. Devonian eustatic fluctuations in Euramerica. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1985, 96:567-587.
87. Kaiser, S. I., 2005. Mass extinctions, climatic and -oceanographic changes at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Ph.D. thesis, Fakultät für Geowissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 156 p.
88. Kaiser S.I. The Devonian/Carboniferous stratotype section La Serre (Montagne Noire) revisited. Newsl. Strat. 2009, 43(2):195-205.
89. Kaiser S.I., Corradini C. The early siphonodellids (Conodonta, Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous): overview and taxonomic state. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. 2011, 261:19-35.
90. Kaiser S., Becker R.T., Brice D., Nicollin J.-P., Legrand-Blain M., Aboussalam Z.S., El Hassani A., Nübel H. Sedimentary succession and neritic faunas around the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary at Kheneg Lakahal south of Assa (Dra Valley, SW Morocco). Doc. Inst. Sci. Rabat 2004, 19:93-100.
91. Kaiser S.I., Steuber T., Becker R.T., Joachimski M.M. Geochemical evidence for major environmental change at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Carnic Alps and the Rhenish Massif. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2006, 240(1-2):146-160.
92. Kaiser S.I., Becker R.T., El Hassani A. Middle to Late Famennian successions at Ain Jemaa (Moroccan Meseta) - implications for regional correlation, event stratigraphy and synsedimentary tectonics of NW Gondwana. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 2007, 278:237-260. R.T. Becker, W.T. Kirchgasser (Eds.).
93. Kaiser S.I., Steuber T., Becker R.T. Environmental change during the Late Famennian and Early Tournaisian (Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous) - implications from stable isotopes and conodont biofacies in southern Europe. Geol. J., Spec. Iss. 2008, 43 (2-3):241-260. M. Aretz, H.-G. Herbig, I.D. Somerville (Eds.).
94. Kaiser S.I., Becker R.T., Spaletta C., Steuber T. High-resolution conodont stratigraphy, biofacies, and extinctions around the Hangenberg Event in pelagic successions from Austria, Italy, and France. Palaeontol. Am. 2009, 63:97-139.
95. Kalvoda J., Kukal Z. Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Moravian Karst at Lesní Lom Quarry, Brno-L'sen, Czechoslovakia. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1987, 98:95-117.
96. Karaulov V.B., Gretschischnikova I.A. Devonian eustatic fluctuations in North Eurasia. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1997, 199:13-23.
97. Kelly B.K., Manger W.L., Klapper G. Conodonts from the Chattanooga Shale and the Devonian-Mississippian Boundary, Southern Ozark Region. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstr. Progr. 1997, 29(6):264.
98. Keupp H., Kompa R. Mikrofazielle und sedimentologische Untersuchungen an Devon/Karbon Profilen am Nordrand des rechtsrheinischen Schiefergebirges. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1984, 67:139-142. E. Paproth, M. Streel (Eds.).
99. Klapper G., Furnish W.M. Devonian-Mississippian Englewood Formation in Black Hills, South Dakota. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 1962, 46(11):2071-2078.
100. Koch M., Leuteritz K., Ziegler W. Alter, Fazies und Paläogeographie der Oberdevon/Unterkarbon-Schichtenfolge an der Seiler bei Iserlohn. Fortschr. Geol. Rheinld. Westf. 1970, 17:679-732.
101. Kochetkova N.M., Pazukhin V.N., Reitlinger E.A., Sinichyia Z.A. Opornye razrezy pogranechnykh otloszhenii Devona u Karbona zapadnogo sklona Yazhnogo Urala 1985, Akad. Nauk, Magadan.
102. Kononova L.I. Upper Frasnian, Famennian and Tournaisian conodonts of the Sikaza River section (southern Urals). Serv. Géol. Belg. Prof. Pap. 1979, 161:74-86.
103. Korn D. The ammonoid faunal change near the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1993, 115(2):581-593.
104. Korn D. Famennian ammonoid stratigraphy of the Ma'der and Tafilalt (eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Abh. Geol. B.-A. 1999, 54:147-179.
105. Korn D., Klug C., Reisdorf A. Middle Famennian ammonoid stratigraphy in the Amessoui Syncline (Late Devonian; eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Trav. Inst. Sci., Rabat, Sér. Géol. Géogr. Phys. 2000, 20:69-77.
106. Korn D., Klug C., Ebbighausen V., Bockwinkel J. Paleogeographical meaning of a Middle Tournaisian ammonoid fauna from Morocco. Geol. Palaeontol. 2002, 36:79-86.
107. Korn D., Bockwinkel J., Ebbighausen V., Klug C. Palaeobiogeographic and evolutionary meaning of an early Late Tournaisian ammonoid fauna from the Tafilalt of Morocco. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 2003, 48(1):71-92.
108. Korn D., Belka Z., Fröhlich S., Rücklin M., Wendt J. The youngest African clymeniids (Ammonoidea, Late Devonian) - failed survivors of the Hangenberg Event. Lethaia 2004, 37:307-315.
109. Korn D., Bockwinkel J., Ebbighausen V. Tournaisian and Viséan ammonoid stratigraphy in North Africa. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Palaeontol. Abh. 2007, 243(2):127-148.
110. Krebs W. Devonian basinal facies. Spec. Spec. Pap. Palaeont. 1979, 23:125-139. M.R. House, C.T. Scrutton, M.G. Bassett (Eds.).
111. Kürschner W., Becker R.T., Buhl D., Veizer J. Strontium isotopes in conodonts: Devonian-Carboniferous transition, the northern Rhenish Slate Mountains, Germany. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1993, 115:595-621.
112. Lang J., Yahaya M., El Hamet M.O., Besombes J.C., Cazoulat M. Depôts glaciaires du Carbonifère inférieur à l'Ouest de l'Air (Niger). Geol. Rundsch. 1991, 80(3):611-622.
113. Legrand-Blain M. Iullemedden Basin. IUGS Publ. 1985, 20:323-325. R.H. Wagner, C.F. Winkler Prins, L.F. Granados (Eds.).
114. Legrand-Blain M. Taoudeni Basin. IUGS Publ. 1985, 20:327-329. R.H. Wagner, C.F. Winkler Prins, L.F. Granados (Eds.).
115. Legrand-Blain M. Le Strunien et le Tournaisien au Sahara Algérien: limites, echelles lithostratigraphiques et biostratigraphiques regionales. Mém. Serv. Géol. Alg. 2002, 11:61-85.
116. Lethiers F., Feist R. Ostracodes, stratigraphie et bathymétrie du passage Dévonien-Carbonifère au Viséen Inférieur en Montagne Noire (France). Geobios 1991, 24(1):71-104.
117. Loboziak S. Late Early to Late Devonian palynologic events in western Gondwana: an application to Brazilian Devonian basins. Ordovician-Devonian Palynostratigraphy in Western Gondwana: Update, Problems and Perspectives 2000, 63-75. M.A.C. Rodrigues, E. Pereira (Eds.).
118. Loboziak S., de Melo J.H.G., Steemans P., Rodrigues Barrilari I.M. Miospore evidence for pre-Emsien and latest Famennian sedimentation in the Devonian of the Paraná Basin, South Brazil. Ann. Acad. Bras. Ci. 1995, 67(3):391-392.
119. López-Gamundi O.R., Rosello E.A. Devonian-Carboniferous unconformity in Argentina and its relation to the Eo-Hercynian orogeny in southern South America. Geol. Rundsch. 1993, 82:136-147.
120. Lowe D.R. Sediment gravity flows II: depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high density turbidity currents. J. Sediment. Petrol. 1982, 52:279-297.
121. Lubeseder S., Rath J., Rücklin M., Messbacher R. Controls on Devonian hemi-pelagic limestone deposition analyzed on cephalopod ridge to slope sections, Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Facies 2010, 56:295-315.
122. Marshall J.E.A., Astin T.R., Evans F., Almond J. The palaeoclimatic significance of the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Geology of the Devonian System, Proceedings of the International Symposium, July 9-12, 2000, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic 2002, 23-25.
123. Martel A.T., McGregor D.C., Utting J. Stratigraphic significance of Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous miospores from the type area of the Horton Group, Nova Scotia. Can. J. Earth Sci. 1993, 30:1091-1098.
124. Matyja H., Stempien-Salek M. Devonian/Carboniferous boundary and the associated phenomena in western Pomerania (NW Poland). Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1994, 116:249-263.
125. Matyja H., Turnau E., Zbikowska B. Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) stratigraphy of northwestern Poland: conodont, miospore and ostracod zones compared. Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol. 2000, 70:193-217.
126. McNestry A. The palynostratigraphy of two uppermost Devonian-Lower Carboniferous borehole sections in South Wales. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 1988, 56:69-87.
127. Melo J.H.G., Barrilari I.M.R., Quadros L.P., Loboziak S., Matsuda N.S. Miospore-Based Correlation of the Late Devonian Curuá Group, Amazon Basin, Brazil 1999, 1-4. Petrobas.
128. Mergl M., Massa D., Plauchut B. Devonian and Carboniferous brachiopods and bivalves of the Djado Sub-Basin (North Niger, SW Libya). J. Czech Geol. Surv. 2001, 46(3):169-188.
129. Michard A. Éléments de géologie marocaine. Notes Mém. Serv. Géol. Maroc 1976, 252:1-408.
130. Muchez P. Sea-level variations at the Devonian-Carboniferous transition in South China. Mém. Inst. Géol. Univ. Louvain 1996, 36:193-202.
131. Nicoll R.S., Druce E.C. Conodonts from the Fairfield Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia. BMR Bull. 1979, 190:1-134.
132. Niemeyer H., Urzúa F., Rubinstein C. Nuevos antecedentes estratigráficos y sedimentológicos de la Formacíon Zorritas, Devónico-CarbonÌfero de Sierra Almeida, Region de Antofagasta, Chile. Rev. Geol. Chile 1997, 24(1):25-43.
133. Olempska E. Changes in benthic ostracod assemblages across the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 1997, 42(2):291-332.
134. Over D.J. Conodonts and the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the upper Woodford Shale, Arbuckle Mountains, South-Central Oklahoma. J. Paleontol. 1992, 66(2):293-311.
135. Padilha de Quadros L. Silurian-Devonian acritarch assemblages from Paraná Basin: an update and correlation with northern Brazilian basins. Ordovician-Devonian Palynostratigraphy in Western Gondwana: Update, Problems and Perspectives 2000, 105-145. M.A.C. Rodrigues, E. Pereira (Eds.).
136. Paproth E. An introduction to a field trip to the Late Devonian outcrops in the northern Rheinisches Schiefergebirge (Federal Republic of Germany). Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1986, 109:275-284.
137. Pashin J.C., Ettensohn F.R. Paleoecology and sedimentology of the dysaerobic Bedford fauna (Late Devonain), Ohio and Kentucky (USA). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 1992, 91:21-34.
138. Perkins R.B., Piper D.Z., Mason C.E. Trace-element budgets in the Ohio/Sunbury shales of Kentucky: constraints on ocean circulation and primary productivity in the Devonian-Mississippian Appalachian Basin. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2008, 265:14-29.
139. Perri M.C., Spaletta C. Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous transgressions and regressions in the Carnic Alps (Italy). Rec. West. Austr. Mus. Suppl. 2000, 58:305-319.
140. Perseil E.-A., Tourenq C. Nouvelles données sur le Paléozoique du massif de l'Arize (Ariége). Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 1963, 7e(sér. 5):835-837.
141. Petter G. Clymènies du Sahara. Publ. Serv. Carte Géol. Alg., Nouv. Sér., Paléontol., Mém. 1960, 6. 1-58 + 13 pls.
142. Piepjohn K., Brinkmann L., Grewing A., Kerp H. New data on the age of the uppermost ORS and the lowermost post-ORS strata in Dickson Land (Spitsbergen) and implications for the age of the Svalbardian deformation. Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ. 2000, 180:603-609. P.F. Friend, B.P.J. Williams (Eds.).
143. Piper D.Z., Calvert S.E. A marine biogeochemical perspective on black shale deposition. Earth Sci. Rev. 2009, 95:63-96.
144. Plodowski G., Salanci A. Devon/Karbon-Grenze in Anatolien. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1990, 127:238-249.
145. Richards B.C., Higgins A.C. Devonian-Carboniferous boundary beds of the Palliser and Exshaw Formations at Jura Creek, Rocky Mountains, Southwestern Alberta. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol., Mem. 1988, 14(III):399-412.
146. Rimmer S.M., Thompson J.A., Goodnight S.A., Robl T.L. Multiple controls on the preservation of organic matter in Devonian-Mississippian marine black shales: geochemical and petrographic evidence. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2004, 215:125-154.
147. Sandberg C.A., Streel M., Scott R.A. Comparison between conodont zonation and spore assemblages at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the western and central United States and in Europe. C. R. 7th Congr. Internat. Strat. Géol. Carb. 1972, 1:179-203.
148. Sandberg C.A., Poole F.G., Johnson J.G. Upper Devonian of western United States. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol., Mem. 1988, 14(I):183-220.
149. Sanz-López J. Devonian and Carboniferous pre-Stephanian rocks from the Pyrenees. ECOS VIII. Cuad. Mus. Geomin. 2002, 1:56-88. S. García-López, F. Bastida (Eds.).
150. Schindewolf O.H. Zur Stratigraphie und Paläontologie der Wocklumer Schichten. Abh. Preuß. Geol. L.-Anst., n. F. 1937, 178:1-132.
151. Schönlaub H.P., Feist R., Korn D. The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary at the section "Grüne Schneid" (Carnic Alps, Austria): a preliminary report. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1988, 100:149-167.
152. Selwood E.B., Stewart I.J., Turner P.J., Whiteley M.J. The Devonian-Carboniferous transition and its structural setting at Chillaton, West Devon, England. Geol. Mag. 1982, 119:383-393.
153. Siegmund H., Trappe J., Oschmann W. Sequence stratigraphic and genetic aspects of the Tournaisian "Liegender Alaunschiefer" and adjacent beds. Int. J. Earth Sci. 2002, 91:934-949.
154. Sobolev D.B., Zhuravlev A.V., Tsyganko V.S. Stop 8. Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous succession on the Kozhym River. Ichthyolith Iss., Spec. Publ. 2000, 6, Suppl:101-111.
155. Streel M. Global Famennian climates based on palynomorph quantitative analysis. Ordovician-Devonian Palynostratigraphy in Western Gondwana: Update, Problems and Perspectives 2000, 77-103. M.A.C. Rodrigues, E. Pereira (Eds.).
156. Streel M., Marshall J.E.A. Devonian-Carboniferous boundary global correlations and their paleogeographic implications for the Assembly of Pangaea. Proceedings of the XVth International Congress on Carboniferous and Permian Stratigraphy, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 10-16 August 2003 2006, 481-496. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. T.E. Wong (Ed.).
157. Streel M., Theron J.N. The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in South Africa and the age of the earliest episode of the Dwyka glaciation: new palynological result. Episodes 1999, 22(1):41-44.
158. Streel M., Caputo M.V., Loboziak S., Melo J.H.G. Late Frasnian-Famennian climates based on palynomorph analyses and the question of the Late Devonian glaciations. Earth Sci. Rev. 2000, 52:121-173.
159. Streel M., Caputo M.V., Loboziak S., Melo J.H.G., Thorez J. Palynology and sedimentology of laminites and tillites from the latest Famennian of the Parnaíba Basin, Brazil. Geol. Belg. 2000, 3(1-2):87-96.
160. Su Y., Wei R., Kuang G. Conodonts from Devonian-Carboniferous boundary beds of Duolingshan, Yishan County of Guangxi, and their stratigraphic significance. Acta Micropaleontol. Sin. 1988, 5(2):183-194.
161. Szulczewski M., Malec J. Stop 1 Kowala. Guide to Excursion B4, XIII Internat. Congr. Carb.-Permian, August 28-September 2, 1995 1995, 13-16. Polish Geological Institute. J. Dvorák, A. Galle, H.-G. Herbig, Z. Krejci, J. Malec, M. Paszkowski, G. Racki, S. Skompski, M. Szulczewski, H. Zakowa (Eds.).
162. Tan Z., Dong Z., Coen M., Hance L., Hou H., Muchez P. Famennian and Tournaisian lithostratigraphy of Central Hunan, South China. Mém. Inst. Géol. Univ. Louvain 1996, 36:11-19.
163. Thrasher E. Macrofossils and stratigraphic subdivisions of the Bakken Formation (Devonian-Mississippian), Williston Basin, North Dakota. Fifth International Williston Basin Symposium, Saskatchewan Geol. Soc., Spec. Publ 1987, 53-67. C.G. Carlson, J.E. Christoper (Eds.).
164. Töneböhn R. Bildungsbedingungen epikontinentaler Cephalopodenkalke (Devon, SE-Marokko). Gött. Arb. Geol. Paläeontol. 1991, 47. 114 pp.
165. Van Steenwinkel, M., 1988. The sedimentary history of the Dinant platform during the Devonian/Carboniferous transition. Ph.D. thesis, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium.
166. Van Steenwinkel M. The D/C boundary: comparison between the Dinant synclinorium and the northern border of the Rhenish Slate Mountains, a sequence-stratigraphic view. Ann. Soc. Géol. Belg. 1993, 115(2):665-681.
167. Van Wagoner J.C., Posamentier H.W., Mitchum R.M., Vail P.R., Sarg J.F., Loutit T.S. An overview of the Fundamentals of Sequence Stratigraphy and key definitions. Soc. Econ. Paleont., Mineral., Spec. Publ. 1988, 42:39-46. C.K. Wilgus, B.S. Hastings, H. Posamentier, J. Van Wagoner, C.A. Ross, C. Kendall (Eds.).
168. Vavrdova M., Isaacson P.E., Díaz-Martinez E., Bek J. Devonian-Carboniferous boundary at Lake Titikaka, Bolivia, preliminary palynological results. C. R. XII Congr. Strat. Géol. Carb. Perm 1993, 1:187-199.
169. Vavrdóva M., Bek J., Dufka P., Isaacson P.E. Palynology of the Devonian (Lochkovian to Tournaisian) sequence, Madre de Dios Basin, northern Bolivia. Vestn. Cesk. Geol. Ustavu 1996, 71(4):333-349.
170. Villemur J.-R. Reconnaissance géologique et structurale du nord du Bassin de Taoudenni. Mém. Bur. Rech. Géol. Min. 1967, 51. 1-151 + 29 pls.
171. Vos R.G. Sedimentology of an Upper Paleozoic river, wave and tide influenced delta system in Southern Morocco. J. Sediment. Petrol. 1977, 47(3):1242-1260.
172. Walliser O.H. Global Events in the Devonian and Carboniferous. Global events and event stratigraphy in the Phanerozoic 1996, 225-250. Springer, Berlin. O.H. Walliser (Ed.).
173. Wang C., Yin B., Wu W., Liao W., Wang K., Liao Z., Mu X., Qian W., Yao Z. Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary sections in Yishan area, Guangxi. Carboniferous Boundaries in China, Contribution to the 11th International Congress of Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, 1987, Beijing, China 1987, 22-43. Science Press, Beijing. C. Wang (Ed.).
174. Wang Z., Li S., Wang Y. Upper Devonian and lower carboniferous sequence stratigraphy of South China. J. China Univ. Geosci. 1996, 7(1):87-94.
175. Webster G.D., Becker R.T., Maples C.G. Biostratigraphy, palaeoecology, and taxonomy of Devonian (Emsian and Famennian) crinoids from southeastern Morocco. J. Paleontol. 2005, 79(6):1052-1071.
176. Wendt J. Disintegration of the continental margin of northwestern Gondwana: Late Devonian of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Geology 1985, 13:815-818.
177. Wendt J. Facies pattern and paleogeography of the Middle and Late Devonian in the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Can. Soc. Petr. Geol., Mem. 1988, 14 (I):467-480. N.J. McMillan, A.F. Embry, D.J. Glass (Eds.).
178. Wendt J. Condensed carbonate sedimentation in the late Devonian of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco). Ecl. Geol. Helv. 1988, 81(1):155-173.
179. Wendt J., Aigner T. Facies patterns and depositional environments of Paleozoic cephalopod limestone. Sediment. Geol. 1985, 44:263-300.
180. Wendt J., Aigner T., Neugebauer J. Cephalopod limestone deposition on a shallow pelagic ridge: the Tafilalt Platform (upper Devonian, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Sedimentary 1984, 31:601-625.
181. Wendt J., Kaufmann B., Belka Z., Klug C., Lubeseder S. Sedimentary evolution of a Palaeozoic basin and ridge system: the Middle and Upper Devonian of the Ahnet and Mouydir (Algerian Sahara). Geol. Mag. 2006, 143(3):269-299.
182. Weyant M. Relationships between Devonian and Carboniferous strata near the northern confines of the Bechar basin, Algeria. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 1988, 100:235-245.
183. Weyant M., Pareyn C. Mise en évidence du caractère condensé de la série diantienne de la bordure méridionale du Djebel Grouz (Sahara sud-oranais). Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 1975, 17(série 7):52-55.
184. Wicander R., Clayton G., Marshall J.E.A., Troth I., Racey A. Was the latest Devonian glaciation a multiple event- New palynological evidence from Bolivia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2011, 305:75-83.
185. Yazdi M., Jafarian M.A. Recovery of microstructure features related to the Brachiopoda associated with Tournaisian conodont species in base of the Carboniferous in the Shotori Range area. Isfahan Univ. Res. Bull. 1997, 8:31-48.
186. Young G. Timescales. Calibration and Development: Devonian. AGSO Record 33 1995.
187. Yu C. Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary in Nanbiancun, Guilin, China. Aspects and Records 1988, Science Press, Beijing.
188. Carboniferous Stratigraphy in China. Contributions to the 11th International Congress of Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, 1987, Beijing, China 1987, Science Press, Beijing. L. Zhang (Ed.).
189. Zhou Z., Chen P. Biostratigraphy and Geological Evolution of Tarim 1992, Science Press, Beijing.
190. Zhuravlev A.V. The Mid-Tournaisian event in the Northern Urals and conodont dynamics. Proceed. Geol. Assoc. 1998, 109:161-168.
191. Ziegler W., Sandberg C.A. Palmatolepis-based revision of upper part of standard Late Devonian conodont zonation. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 1984, 196:179-194.