Intensive two-day cognitive-behavioral intervention decreases cortisol secretion in soldiers suffering from specific phobia to wear protective mask

Journal of Psychiatric Research

Volumn 45, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 1337-1345

  Brand, Serge ^a,c   Annen, Hubert ^b,c   Holsboer Trachsler, Edith ^a   Blaser, Andreas ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

^b ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c Land Forces of the Swiss Army   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Claustrophobia; Cognitive behavioral treatment; Cortisol; Cortisol awakening response; Protective mask; Specific phobia

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE;

ADULT; AIRWAY PRESSURE; ANXIETY; ARMY; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; COGNITION; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; HYDROCORTISONE RELEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MASK; METHODOLOGY; PHOBIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; SALIVA; SLEEP; SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME; SOLDIER;

ADULT; ANXIETY; COGNITIVE THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM; MALE; MASKS; MIDDLE AGED; MILITARY PERSONNEL; PHOBIC DISORDERS; PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM; QUESTIONNAIRES; SALIVA; SLEEP; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80053105502     PISSN: 00223956     EISSN: 18791379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.04.010     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Alpers G.W., Abelson J.L., Wilhelm F.H., Roth W.T. Salivary cortisol response during exposure treatment in driving phobics. Psychosomatic Medicine 2003, 65:679-687.
2. American Psychiatric Association (APA) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 2000, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. 4th ed.
3. Antony M.M., Barlow D.H. Anxiety and its disorders 2002, Guilford Press, New York.
4. Arya D., Tripathi A., Singh S.V., Tripathi S., Nagar A., Mishra A. A pilot study to evaluate post treatment cephalometric changes in subjects with OSA. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 2010, 103:170-177.
5. Azevedo M.H., Bos S.C., Soares M.J., Marques M., Pereira A.T., Maia B., et al. Longitudinal study on perfectionism and sleep disturbance. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 2010, 11:476-485.
6. Bandelow B., Wedekind D., Sandvoss V., Broocks A., Hajak G., Pauls J., et al. Diurnal variation of cortisol in panic disorder. Psychiatry Research 2000, 95:245-250.
7. Bastien C.H., Vallières A., Morin C.M. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine 2001, 2:297-307.
8. Bögels S.M., Mansell W. Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia: hypervigilance, avoidance and self-focused attention. Clinical Psycholy Review 2004, 24:827-856.
9. Brand S., Beck J., Hatzinger M., Holsboer-Trachsler E. Perceived parenting styles, personality traits and sleep patterns in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence 2009, 32:1189-1207.
10. Brand S., Furlano R., Sidler M., Schulz J., Holsboer-Trachsler E. " Oh, Baby, please don't cry!" In infants suffering from infantile colic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity is related to poor sleep and increased crying intensity. Neuropsychobiology 2011, 64:15-22.
11. Brand S., Gerber M., Hatzinger M., Beck J., Pühse U., Holsboer-Trachsler E. High exercise levels are related to favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning in adolescents: a comparison of athletes and controls. Journal of Adolescent Health 2010, 46:133-141.
12. Brand S., Wilhelm F.H., Kossowsky J., Holsboer-Trachsler E., Schneider S. Children suffering from separation anxiety disorder (SAD) show increased HPA axis activity compared to healthy controls. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2011, 45:452-459.
13. Brooks F.R., Ebner D.G., Xenakis S.N., Balson P.M. Psychological reactions during chemical warfare training. MilMed 1983, 148:232-235.
14. Buckley T.M., Schatzberg A.F. On the interactions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sleep: normal HPA axis activity and circadian rhythm, exemplary sleep disorders. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005, 90:3106-3114.
15. Buckner J.D., Bernert R.A., Cromer K.R., Joiner T.E., Schmidt N.B. Social anxiety and insomnia: the mediating role of depressive symptoms. Depression and Anxiety 2008, 25:124-130.
16. Chorney D.B., Detweiler M.F., Morris T.L., Kuhn B.R. The interplay of sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression in children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2008, 33:339-348.
17. Choy Y., Fyer A.J., Lipsitz J.D. Treatment of specific phobia in adults. Clinical Psychology Review 2007, 27:266-286.
18. Clow A., Thorn L., Evans P., Hucklebridge F. The awakening cortisol response: methodological issues and significance. Stress 2004, 7:29-37.
19. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 1988, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
20. Cohen J. A power primer. Psychological Bulletin 1992, 112:155-159.
21. Cohen J. The earth is round (p<.05). American Psychologist 1994, 49:997-1003.
22. Coplan J.D., Moreau D., Chaput F., Martinez J.M., Hoven C.W., Mandell D.J., et al. Salivary cortisol concentrations before and after carbon-dioxide inhalations in children. Biological Psychiatry 2002, 51:326-333.
23. Davis T.E., Ollendick T.H., Ost L.G. Intensive treatment of specific phobias in children and adolescents. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2009, 16:294-305.
24. de Jong P.J., Mayer B., van den Hout M. Conditional reasoning and phobic fear: evidence for a fear-confirming reasoning pattern. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1997, 35:507-516.
25. Feder A., Coplan J.D., Goetz R.R., Mathew S.J., Pine D.S., Dahl R.E., et al. Twenty-four-hour cortisol secretion patterns in prepubertal children with anxiety or depressive disorders. Biological Psychiatry 2004, 56:198-204.
26. Forsythe A.I., Keenan T.A., Organick E.I., Stenberg W. Computer science: a first course 1969, Wiley, New York.
27. Fullerton C.S., Ursano R.J. Behavioral and psychological responses to chemical and biological warfare. Mil Med 1990, 155:54-59.
28. Furlan P.M., DeMartinis N., Schweizer E., Rickels K., Lucki I. Abnormal salivary cortisol levels in social phobic patients in response to acute psychological but not physical stress. Biological Psychiatry 2001, 50:254-259.
29. Gerra G., Zaimovic A., Zambelli U., Timpano M., Reali N., Bernasconi S., et al. Neuroendocrine responses to psychological stress in adolescents with anxiety disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2000, 42:82-92.
30. Goodwin R.D., Faravelli C., Rosi S., Cosci F., Truglia E., de Graaf R., et al. The epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia in Europe. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 15:435-443.
31. Granger D.A., Weisz J.R., Kauneckis D. Neuroendocrine reactivity, internalizing behaviour problems, and control-repated cognitions in clinic-referred children and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1994, 103:267-276.
32. Grawe K. Neuropsychotherapie 2004, Hogrefe, Göttingen.
33. Hatzinger M., Brand S., Perren S., von Wyl A., von Klitzing K., Holsboer-Trachsler E. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity in kindergarten children: importance of gender and associations with behavioral/emotional difficulties. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2007, 41:861-870.
34. Hatzinger M., Brand S., Perren S., Stadelmann S., von Wyl A., von Klitzing K., et al. Electroencephalographic sleep profiles and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA)-activity in kindergarten children: early indication of poor sleep quality associated with increased cortisol secretion. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2008, 42:532-543.
35. Hatzinger M., Brand S., Perren S., Stadelmann S., von Wyl A., von Klitzing K., et al. Sleep actigraphy pattern and behavioral/emotional difficulties in kindergarten children: association with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2010, 44:253-261.
36. Hatzinger M., Hemmeter U.M., Brand S., Ising M., Holsboer-Trachsler E. Electroencephalographic sleep profiles in treatment course and long-term outcome of major depression: association with DEX/CRH-test response. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2004, 38:453-465.
37. Hayward C., Wilson K.A., Lagle K., Kraemer H.C., Killen J.D., Taylor C.B. The developmental psychopathology of social anxiety in adolescents. Depression and Anxiety 2008, 25:200-206.
38. Heim C., Mletzko T., Purselle D., Musselman D.L., Nemeroff C.B. The dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing factor test in men with major depression: role of childhood trauma. Biological Psychiatry 2008, 63:398-405.
39. Heim C., Newport D.J., Bonsall R., Miller A.H., Nemeroff C.B. Altered pituitary-adrenal axis responses to provocative challenge tests in adult survivors of childhood abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry 2001, 158:575-581.
40. Hellhammer D.H., Wüst S., Kudielka B.M. Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research. Psychoneuroendocrinol 2009, 34:163-171.
41. Heuser I., Yassouridis A., Holsboer F. The combined dexamethasone/CRH test: a refined laboratory test for psychiatric disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1994, 28:341-356.
42. Holsboer F. The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000, 23:477-501.
43. Holsboer F., Ising M. Stress hormone regulation: biological role and translation into therapy. Annual Review of Psychology 2010, 61:81-109.
44. Jezova D., Hlavacova N. Endocrine factors in stress and psychiatric disorders: focus on anxiety and salivary steroids. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 2008, 1148:495-503.
45. Kessler R.C., Sonnega A., Bromet E., Hughes M., Nelson C.B. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 1995, 52:1048-1060.
46. Kirusek T., Sherman R. Goal attainment scaling: a general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs. Community and Mental Health Journal 1968, 4:443-453.
47. Laux L., Glanzmann P., Schaffner P., Spielberger C.D. State-Trait-Angstinventar 1981, Hogrefe, Göttingen.
48. Marcks B.A., Weisberg R.B., Edelen M.O., Keller M.B. The relationship between sleep disturbance and the course of anxiety disorders in primary care patients. Psychiatry Research 2010, 178:487-492.
49. Margraf J., Barlow D.H., Clark D.M., Telch M.J. Psychological treatment of panic: work in progress on outcome, active ingredients, and follow-up. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1993, 31:1-8.
50. Margraf J., Schneider S. Panik, Angstanfälle und ihreBehandlung 1990, Springer, Berlin.
51. Marks I.M. Fears and phobias 1969, Academic Press, New York, NY.
52. Means M., Edinger J. Graded exposure therapy for addressing claustrophobic reactions to continuous positive airway pressure: a case series report. Behavioral Sleep Medicine 2007, 5:105-116.
53. Oordt M.S. Managing severe gas mask anxiety with a cognitive-behavioral approach: an illustrative case study and treatment protocol. Military Psychology 2001, 13:165-176.
54. Papadimitriou G.N., Linkowski P. Sleep disturbance in anxiety disorders. International Review of Psychiatry 2005, 17:229-236.
55. Petermann F., Vaitl D. Entspannungsverfahren. Das Praxishandbuch 2009, BeltzPVU, Weinheim.
56. Richie C. Treatment of gas mask phobia. Military Medicine 1992, 157:104-106.
57. Richie C. Psychological problems associated with mission-oriented protective gear. Military Medicine 2001, 166:83-84.
58. Rybakowski J.K., Twardowska K. The dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone test in depression in bipolar and unipolar affective illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1999, 33:363-370.
59. Sadock B.J., Sadock V. Kaplan and Sadock's concise textbook of child and adolescent psychiatry 2009, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
60. Sandman L.M. Gas mask phobia. Military Medicine 1993, 158:A10-A11.
61. Scheffé H. Practical solutions to the Behrens-Fisher problem. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1970, 65:1501-1508.
62. Schienle A., Schäfer A., Hermann A., Rohrmann S., Vaitl D. Symptom provocation and reduction in patients suffering from spider phobia: an fMRI study on exposure therapy. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2007, 257:486-493.
63. Schiepek G. Neurobiologie der Psychotherapie 2010, Schattauer, Stuttgart.
64. Steiger A. Neurochemical regulation of sleep. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2007, 4:537-552.
65. Stones A., Groome D., Perry D., Hucklebridge F., Evans P. The effect of stress on salivary cortisol in panic disorder patients. Journal of Affective Disorders 1999, 52:197-201.
66. Straube T., Glauer M., Dilger S., Mentzel H.J., Miltner W.H. Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy on brain activation in specific phobia. Neuroimage 2006, 29:125-135.
67. Straube T., Miltner W.H. Ängste und Phobien. Neurobiologie der Psychotherapie [Neurobiology of psychotherapy] 2010, 385-397. Schattauer, Stuttgart. G. Shiepek (Ed.).
68. Telch M.J. Pushing the envelope in treating clinical phobias. Phobias 2004, vol. 7. Wiley, Chister UK. M. Maj, H.S. Akiskal, J.J. Lopez-Ibor, A. Okasha, Y. Cho (Eds.).
69. van Duinen M.A., Schruers K.R., Griez E.J. Desynchrony of fear in phobic exposure. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2010, 24:695-699.
70. Vreeburg S.A., Zitman F.G., van Pelt J., Derijk R.H., Verhagen J.C., van Dyck R., et al. Salivary cortisol levels in persons with and without different anxiety disorders. Psychosomatic Medicine 2010, 72:340-347.
71. Welch B.L. The generalization of " Student's" problem when several different population variances are involved. Biometrika 1947, 34:28-35.
72. Wittchen H.U. Natural course and spontaneous remissions of untreated anxiety disorders: results of the Munich follow-up study (MFS). Panic and phobias 1998, 3-17. Springer, Berlin. I. Hand, H.-U. Wittchen (Eds.).
73. Wittchen H.U., Jacobi F. Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe-a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 15:357-376.
74. Wolfson A.R., Carskadon M.A., Acebo C., Seifer R., Fallone G., Labyak S.E., et al. Evidence for the validity of a sleep habits survey for adolescents. Sleep 2003, 26:213-216.
75. Wolitzky-Taylor K.B., Horowitz J.D., Powers M.B., Telch M.J. Psychological approaches in the treatment of specific phobias: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review 2008, 28:1021-1037.
76. Zimmermann L.K., Stansbury K. The influence of emotion regulation, level of shyness, and habituation on the neuroendocrine response of three-year-old children. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004, 29:973-982.