Forest restoration potentials of coal-mined lands in the Eastern United States

Journal of Environmental Quality

Volumn 40, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1567-1577

  Zipper, C E ^a   Burger, J A ^a   Mcgrath, J M ^b   Rodrigue, J A ^c   Holtzman, G I ^a  

^a VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c USDA FOREST SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BULK DENSITY; CLAY SOIL; COAL MINING; CULTURAL PRACTICES; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; FOREST LOSS; FOREST RESTORATION; FOREST VEGETATION; FORESTED SITES; HERBACEOUS SPECIES; MEAN VALUES; MEASURED PROPERTIES; NATIVE TREES; SOIL DENSITY; SOIL PH; SOIL PROPERTY; SURFACE MINING CONTROL; SURFACE SOIL; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; WEATHERED ROCKS;

CLAY; COAL; COAL RECLAMATION; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; FORESTRY; RESTORATION; VEGETATION;

CONSERVATION;

BICARBONATE; CARBON; HERBACEOUS AGENT; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS;

ARTICLE; BULK DENSITY; CLAY; COAL MINING; ECOSYSTEM REGENERATION; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; FOREST; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; FOREST SOIL; GRASS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; PEDOGENESIS (SOIL); PH; ROCK; SHRUB; SOIL ACIDITY; SOIL ANALYSIS; SOIL FERTILIZATION; SOIL PROPERTY; SURFACE SOIL; TREE GROWTH; UNITED STATES; VEGETATION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; SOIL; TREE;

CLAY; COAL; CONSERVATION; FORESTRY; PLANTS; RECLAMATION; RESISTIVITY; RESTORATION;

APPALACHIAN REGION; COAL MINING; SOIL; TREES;

EID: 80053057191     PISSN: 00472425     EISSN: 15372537     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0040     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Adams, M.B. 1999. Acidic deposition and sustainable forest management in the central Appalachians USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 122:17-28. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00029-8
2. Akala, V.A., and R. Lal. 2001. Soil organic carbon pools and sequestration rates in reclaimed minesoils in Ohio. J. Environ. Qual. 30:2098-2104. doi:10.2134/jeq2001.2098
3. Andrews, J.A., J.E. Johnson, J.L. Torbert, J.A. Burger, and D.L. Kelting. 1998. Minesoil properties associated with early height growth of eastern white pine. J. Environ. Qual. 27:192-198. doi:10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700010027x
4. Angel, P., V. Davis, J. Burger, D. Graves, and C. Zipper. 2005. The Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative. U.S. Office of Surface Mining, Department of Interior, Washington. Forest Reclamation Advisory 1. Available at www.arri.osmre.gov (verified 13 July 2011).
5. Angel, P., C. Barton, R. Warner, C. Agouridis, T. Taylor, and S. Hall. 2008. Tree growth, natural regeneration, and hydrologic characteristics of three loose-graded surface mine spoil types in Kentucky. p. 28-65. In R.I. Barnhisel (ed.) Proc. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Richmond, VA. 14-19 June 2008. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.
6. Ashby, W.C., W.G. Vogel, C.A. Kolar, and G.R. Philo. 1984. Productivity of stony soils on strip mines. p. 31-44. In J.D. Nichols et al. (ed.) Erosion and productivity of soils containing rock fragments. SSSA, Madison, WI.
7. Baker, F.S. 1950. Principles of silviculture. 1st ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
8. Bennet, O.L., E.L. Mathias, W.H. Armiger, and J.N. Jones. 1978. Plant materials and their requirements for growth in humid regions. p. 285-303. In F.W. Schaller and P. Sutton (ed.) Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands. ASA, Madison, WI.
9. Bradshaw, A. 1983. The reconstruction of ecosystems. J. Appl. Ecol. 20:1-17. doi:10.2307/2403372
10. Bradshaw, A. 1997. Restoration of mined lands: Using natural processes. Ecol. Eng. 8:255-269. doi:10.1016/S0925-8574(97)00022-0
11. Braun, E.L. 1964. Deciduous forests of eastern North America. Hafner, New York.
12. Bremner, J.M., and C.S. Mulvaney. 1982. Total nitrogen. p. 595-622. In A.L. Page (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
13. Buol, S.W., F.D. Hole, and R.J. McCracken. 1973. Soil genesis and classification. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames.
14. Burger, J.A., and D.M. Evans. 2010. Ripping compacted mine soils improved tree growth 18 years after planting. p. 55-69. In R.I. Barnhisel (ed.) Proc. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Gillette, WY. 5-10 June 2010. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.
15. Burger, J.A., D. Graves, P. Angel, V. Davis, and C. Zipper. 2005. The forestry reclamation approach. U.S. Office of Surface Mining, Department of Interior, Washington. Forest Reclamation Advisory 2. Available at www.arri.osmre.gov (verified 13 July 2011).
16. Burger, J.A., D. Mitchem, and W.L. Daniels. 2007. Red oak seedling response to different topsoil substitutes after five years. p. 132-142. In R.I. Barnhisel (ed.) Proc. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Gillette, WY. 2-7 June 2007. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.
17. Burger, J.A., and C.E. Zipper. 2011. Reforestation Guidelines for unused surface mined lands in the eastern United States. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 460-144. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA.
18. Burger, J.A., C. Zipper, P. Angel, and S. Eggerud. 2011. Reforestation guidelines for unused surface mined lands: Development, application, and adoption. In R.I. Barnhisel (ed.) Proc. Am. Soc. Mining and Reclamation, Bismarck, ND. 11-16 June 2011. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY (in press).
19. Chabbi, A., M. Sebilo, C. Rumpel, W. Schaaf, and A. Marriott. 2008. Origin of nitrogen in reforested lignite-rich mine soils revealed by stable isotope analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42:2787-2792. doi:10.1021/es702377k
20. Chaney, W.R., P.E. Pope, and W.R. Byrnes. 1995. Tree survival and growth on land reclaimed in accord with Public Law 95-87. J. Environ. Qual. 24:630-634. doi:10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400040013x
21. Conover, W.J., and R.L. Iman. 1981. Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. Am. Stat. 35:124-129. doi:10.2307/2683975
22. Daily, G.C. 1995. Restoring value to the world's degraded lands. Science 269:350-354. doi:10.1126/science.269.5222.350
23. Daniels, W.L., and D.F. Amos. 1985. Generating productive topsoil substitutes from hard rock overburden in the southern Appalachians. Environ. Geochem. Health 7:8-15. doi:10.1007/BF01875045
24. Doolittle, W.T. 1958. Site index comparisons for several forest species in the southern Appalachians. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 22:455-458. doi:10.2136/sssaj1958.03615995002200050023x
25. Drummond, M., and T. Loveland. 2010. Land-use pressure and a transition to forest-cover loss in the eastern United States. Bioscience 60:286-298. doi:10.1525/bio.2010.60.4.7
26. Elias, P.E., J.A. Burger, and M.B. Adams. 2009. Acid deposition effects on forest composition and growth on the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. For. Ecol. Manage. 258:2175-2182. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.004
27. Emerson, P., J. Skousen, and P. Ziemkiewicz. 2009. Survival and growth of hardwoods in brown versus gray sandstone on a surface mine in West Virginia. J. Environ. Qual. 38:1821-1829. doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0479
28. Fields-Johnson, C.W. 2011. Appalachian surface mine reforestation techniques: Effects of grading, cultural treatments and species selection. Master's thesis. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg.
29. Fields-Johnson, C., C.E. Zipper, D. Evans, T.R. Fox, and J.A. Burger. 2008. Fourth-year tree response to three levels of silvicultural input on mined land. p. 389-404. In R.I. Barnhisel (ed.) Proc. Am. Soc. Mining and Reclamation, Richmond, VA. 14-19 June 2008. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.
30. Fisher, F.R., and D. Binkley. 2000. Ecology and management of forest soils. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
31. Gale, M.R., D.F. Grigal, and R.B. Harding. 1991. Soil productivity index: Predictions of site quality for white spruce plantations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:1701-1708. doi:10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500060033x
32. Gee, G., and J. Bauder. 1986. Particle-size analysis. p. 383-411. In A. Klute (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
33. Grossman, R.B., and T.B. Reinsch. 2002. Bulk density and linear extensibility. p. 201-228. In J.H. Dane and G.C. Topp (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 4. Physical methods. SSSA, Madison, WI.
34. Haering, K., W.L. Daniels, and J. Galbraith. 2004. Appalachian mine soil morphology and properties: Effects of weathering and mining method. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:1315-1325. doi:10.2136/sssaj2004.1315
35. Haering, K.C., W.L. Daniels, and J. Galbraith. 2005. Mapping and classification of southwest Virginia mine soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69:463-475. doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0463
36. Haering, K.C., W.L. Daniels, and J.A. Roberts. 1993. Changes in mine soil properties resulting from overburden weathering. J. Environ. Qual. 22:194-200. doi:10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010026x
37. Howard, J., D.F. Amos, and W.L. Daniels. 1988. Phosphorous and potassium relationships in southwestern Virginia coal-mine spoils. J. Environ. Qual. 17:695-700. doi:10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700040029x
38. Jones, A.T., J.M. Galbraith, and J.A. Burger. 2005. A forest site quality classification model for mapping reforestation potential of mine soils in the Appalachian coalfield region. p. 523-539. In R.I. Barnhisel (ed.) Proc. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Breckenridge, CO. 19-23 June 2005. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.
39. Khanna, P.H., and B. Ulrich. 1984. Soil characteristics influencing nutrient supply in forest soils. p. 79-117. In G.D. Bowen and E.K.S. Nambiar (ed.) Nutrition of plantation forests. Academic Press, New York.
40. Li, R.S., and W.L. Daniels. 1994. Nitrogen accumulation and form over time in young mine soils. J. Environ. Qual. 23:166-172. doi:10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300010026x
41. Maguire, R., and S. Heckendorn. 2009. Laboratory procedures: Virginia Tech Soil Testing Laboratory. Virginia Coop. Ext. Publ. 452-881. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg.
42. Maharaj, S., C.D. Barton, T. Karathanasis, H.D. Rowe, and S.M. Rimmer. 2007. Distinguishing "new" from "old" organic carbon in reclaimed coal mine sites using thermogravimetry: II Field validation. Soil Sci. 172:302-312. doi:10.1097/SS.0b013e3180314702
43. McLean, E.O. 1986. Soil pH and lime requirement. p. 199-224. In A.L. Page (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
44. Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). 2005. Ecosystems and human wellbeing: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC.
45. Nelson, D.W., and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. p. 539-580. In A.L. Page (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
46. Olsen, S.R., and L.E. Summers. 1986. Phosphorous. p. 403-430. In A.L. Page (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
47. Orndorff, Z., W.L. Daniels, M. Beck, and M. Eick. 2010. Leaching potentials of coal spoil and refuse: Acid-base interactions and electrical conductivity. p. 736-766. In R.I. Barnhisel (ed.) Proc. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Pittsburgh, PA. 5-11 June 2010. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.
48. Pierce, F.J., W. Larson, R. Dowdy, and W. Graham. 1983. Productivity of soils: Assessing long-term changes due to erosion. J. Soil Water Conserv. 38:39-44.
49. Pritchett, W.L., and R.F. Fisher. 1987. Properties and management of forest soils. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
50. Reeder, J.D., and W.A. Berg. 1977. Plant uptake of indigenous and fertilizer nitrogen from a Cretaceous shale and coal mine spoils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41:919-921. doi:10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100050022x
51. Riitters, K., J. Wickham, R. O'Neill, B. Jones, and E. Smith. 2000. Globalscale patterns of forest fragmentation. Conserv. Ecol. 4. Available at http://www.consecol.org/vol4/iss2/art3/ (verified 13 July 2011).
52. Roberts, J.A., W.L. Daniels, J.C. Bell, and J.A. Burger. 1988. Early stages of mine soil genesis in Southwest Virginia spoil lithosequence. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52:716-723. doi:10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200030023x
53. Rodrigue, J.A., J.A. Burger, and R.G. Oderwald. 2002. Forest productivity and commercial value of pre-law reclaimed mined land in the eastern United States. North. J. Appl. For. 19:106-114.
54. Rodrigue, J.A., and J.A. Burger. 2004. Forest soil productivity of mined land in the Midwestern and eastern coalfield regions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:833-844. doi:10.2136/sssaj2004.0833
55. SAS Institute. 2008. JMP statistics and graphics guide, release 8. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
56. Sayler, K.L. 2008. Land cover trends: Central Appalachians. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Available at http://landcovertrends.usgs.gov/east/eco69Report.html (verified 13 July 2011).
57. Sen, S., C.E. Zipper, R.H. Wynne, P.F. Donovan, and J.W. Coulston. 2011. Using satellite imagery to characterize locations, ages, and woody canopy cover of reclaimed coal surface mines in Appalachia, USA. In R.I. Barnhisel (ed.) Proc. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Bismarck ND. 11-16 June 2011. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.
58. Sencindiver, J.C., and J.T. Ammons. 2000. Minesoil genesis and classification. p. 595-613. In R. I. Barnhisel, R.G. Darmody, and W.L. Daniels (ed.) Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands. Agron. Monogr. 41. ASA, Madison, WI.
59. Showalter, J., J. Burger, C. Zipper, J. Galbraith, and P. Donovan. 2007. Physical, chemical, and biological mine soil properties influence white oak seedling growth: A proposed mine soil classification model. South. J. Appl. For. 31:99-107.
60. Sims, J.T. 2009. Soil test phosphorus: Principles and methods. p. 9-19. In J.L. Kovar and G.M. Pierzynski (ed.) Methods of phosphorous analysis for soils, sediments, residuals, and waters. 2nd ed. Southern Coop. Series Bull. 408. Southern Extension/Research Activity-Information Exchange Group 17. Available at http://www.sera17.ext.vt.edu/Documents/P_Methods2ndEdition2009.pdf (verified 18 July 2011).
61. Simmons, J., and W. Currie. 2005. Alteration of soil phosphorous pools from coal mining and reclamation. W. Va. Acad. Sci. Proc. 77:31-42.
62. Simmons, J., W. Currie, K. Eshleman, K. Kuers, S. Monteleone, T. Negley, B. Pohlad, and C. Thomas. 2008. Forest to reclaimed land use change leads to altered ecosystem structure and function. Ecol. Appl. 18:104-118. doi:10.1890/07-1117.1
63. Skousen, J., P. Ziemkiewicz, and C. Venable. 2006. Tree recruitment and growth on 20-year-old, unreclaimed surface mined lands in West Virginia. Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ. 20:142-154. doi:10.1080/17480930600589833
64. Skousen, J., J. Gorman, E. Pena-Yewtukhiw, J. King, J. Stewart, P. Emerson, and C. DeLong. 2009. Hardwood tree survival in heavy ground cover on reclaimed land in West Virginia: Mowing and ripping effects. J. Environ. Qual. 38:1400-1409. doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0297
65. Skousen, J., C. Zipper, J. Burger, P. Angel, and C. Barton. 2011. Selecting topsoil substitutes for forestry mine soils. In R.I. Barnhisel (ed.) Proc. Am. Soc. Mining and Reclamation, Bismarck, ND. 11-16 June 2011. Am. Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY (in press).
66. Smith, D.W. 1994. The southern Appalachian hardwood region. p. 173-225. In J.W. Barrett (ed.) Regional silviculture of the United States. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
67. Thomas, G.W. 1986. Exchangeable cations. p. 159-166. In A.L. Page (ed.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
68. Torbert, J.L., J.A. Burger, and W.L. Daniels. 1990. Pine growth variation associated with overburden rock type on a reclaimed surface mine in Virginia. J. Environ. Qual. 19:88-92. doi:10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900010011x
69. Torbert, J.L., A.R. Tuladhar, J.A. Burger, and J.C. Bell. 1988. Minesoil property effects on the height of ten-year-old white pine. J. Environ. Qual. 17:189-192. doi:10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700020004x
70. U.S. Office of Surface Mining (USOSM). 2010. Annual reports. U.S. Department of Interior. Available at http://www.osmre.gov/Reports/AnnualReport/AnnualReport.shtm (verified 13 July 2011).
71. Vitousek, P., H. Mooney, J. Lubchenco, and J. Melillo. 1997. Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science 277:494-499. doi:10.1126/science.277.5325.494
72. Waring, R.H., and W.H. Schlesinger. 1985. Nutrient cycling through forests. Chap. 6. In Forest ecosystems concepts and management. Academic Press, New York.
73. Zipper, C.E., J.A. Burger, J.G. Skousen, P.N. Angel, C.D. Barton, V. Davis, and J.A. Franklin. 2011. Restoring forests and associated ecosystem services on Appalachian coal surface mines. Environ. Manage. 47:751-765. doi:10.1007/s00267-011-9670-z