Survival and growth of hardwoods in brown versus gray sandstone on a surface mine in West Virginia

Journal of Environmental Quality

Volumn 38, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1821-1829

  Emerson, P ^a   Skousen, J ^a   Ziemkiewicz, P ^a  

^a WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AVERAGE VOLUME; BLACK LOCUST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; HARDWOOD SPECIES; ROBINIA PSEUDO-ACACIA; SOIL COMPACTION; SOIL DEPTH; SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SURFACE MINES; SURFACE MINING; SURVIVAL AND GROWTH; TREE GROWTH; TREE SPECIES; TREE SURVIVAL; WEST VIRGINIA; WHITE PINE;

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; FORESTRY; HARDWOODS; MINING; SOIL MECHANICS; SOILS; SURFACE CHEMISTRY; SURFACES;

SANDSTONE;

ARTICLE; LIRIODENDRON; NONHUMAN; PH; ROBINIA; SOIL; SOIL ANALYSIS; SURFACE MINING; TREE GROWTH; UNITED STATES; WEATHERING; WHITE PINE;

BIODIVERSITY; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; MINING; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SOIL; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TREES; WEST VIRGINIA;

CERCIS; CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CHEMISTRY; FORESTRY; HARDWOODS; MINING; ROBINIA; SAND STONE; SOIL; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

CERCIS; CERCIS CANADENSIS; LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA; ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA;

EID: 69749103590     PISSN: 00472425     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2008.0479     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Andrews, J.A., J.E. Johnson, J.L. Torbert, J.A. Burger, and D.L. Kelting. 1998. Minesoil and site properties associated with early height growth of eastern white pine. J. Environ. Qual. 27:192-199.
2. Angel, P., V. Davis, J. Burger, D. Graves, and C. Zipper. 2005. The Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative. Forestry Reclamation Advisory no. 1. Available at www.arri.osmre.gov (verified 12 May 2009).
3. Ashby, W.C. 1987. Forests. p. 89-108. In W.R. Jordan et al. (ed.) Restoration ecology. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
4. Ashby, W.C. 1991. Surface mine tree planting in the midwest pre- and post-public law 95-87. In W. Oaks and J. Bowden (ed.) Proc. of the American Soc. for Surface Mining and Reclamation Meet., Vol.2, Durango, CO. 14-17 May 1991. American Soc. for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.
5. Ashby, W.C. 2006. Reflections of a botanist on reclamation to trees. Reclamation Matters, Vol.3, Issue 2, Fall 2006. American Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.
6. Ashby, W.C. 1997. Soil ripping and herbicides enhance tree and shrub restoration on stripmines. Restor. Ecol. 5:169-177.
7. Ashby, W.C., W.G. Vogel, C.A. Kolar, and G.R. Philo. 1984. Productivity of stony soils on strip mines. p. 31-44. In J.E. Box Jr (ed.) Erosion and productivity of soils containing rock fragments. SSSA Spec. Publ. 13. SSSA, Madison, WI.
8. Ashby, W.C., W.G. Vogel, and N.F. Rogers. 1985. Black locust in the reclamation equation. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-105. USDA For. Ser., Northeastern Forest Exp. Stn., Broomall, PA.
9. Balmer and Williston. 1983. Managing eastern white pine in the southeast. USDA For. Ser. Rep. R8-FR1. USDA, Broomall, PA.
10. Beck, D.E., and L. Della-Bianca. 1970. Yield of unthinned yellow-poplar. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. SE-58. USDA, Broomall, PA.
11. Bendfeldt, E.S., J.A. Burger, and W.L. Daniels. 2001. Quality of amended mine soils after sixteen years. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65:1736-1744.
12. Bower, C.A., and L.V. Wilcox. 1965. Soluble salts. p. 933-951. In C.A. Black (ed.) Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
13. Boyce, S. 1999. Office of surface mining (OSM) revegetation team survey results. p. 31-35. In K.C. Vories and D. Throgmorton (ed.) Proc. of the Enhancement of Reforestation at Surface Coal Mines: Technical Interactive Forum, SIU, Carbondale. 23-24 Mar. 1999, USDI, OSM, Coal Res. Ctr., Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL.
14. Brenner, F.J., M. Werner, and J. Pike. 1984. Ecosystem development and natural succession in surface coal mine reclamation. Miner. Environ. 6:10-22.
15. Brown, J.H. 1962. Success of tree planting on strip-mined areas in West Virginia. West Virginia Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Bull. 473. West Virginia Univ., Morgantown.
16. Brown, J.H., and E.H. Tryon. 1960. Establishment of seeded black locust on spoil banks. West Virginia Univ. Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Bull. 440. West Virginia Univ., Morgantown.
17. Burger, J.A., D.A. Scott, and D.O. Mitchem. 2002. Field assessment of mine soil quality for establishing hardwoods in the Appalachians. p. 226-240. In R. Barnhisel and M. Collins (ed.) Proc. of the American Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY. 9-13 June 2002. ASMR, Lexington, KY.
18. Burger, J., D. Graves, P. Angel, V. Davis, and C. Zipper. 2005. Appalachian regional reforestation initiative. Forestry reclamation advisory no. 2. The forestry reclamation approach. Available at www.arri.osm.gov (verified 12 May 2009). Office of Surface Mining, Pittsburgh, PA.
19. Burger, J.A., and J.L. Torbert. 1990. Mined land reclamation for wood production in the Appalachian region. p. 159-163. In Proc. of the 1990 Mining and Reclamation Conf. and Exhibition, Vol.1,. American Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.16-21 Apr. 1990. West Virginia Univ., Morgantown.
20. Burger, J., and C.E. Zipper. 2002. How to restore forests on surface mined land. Publ. no.460-123. Reclamation guidelines for surface-mined land in Southwest Virginia. Powell River Project, Blacksburg, VA.
21. Byrnes, W.R., W.W. McFee, and J.G. Stockton. 1980. Properties and plant growth potential of mineland overburden. USDA/EPA Interagency Energy-Environment R & D program report. CR-10, EPA-600/780-054. USDA/EPA, Cincinnati, OH.
22. Casselman, C.N., T.R. Fox, J.A. Burger, A.T. Jones, and J.M. Galbraith. 2005. Effects of silvicultural treatments on survival and growth of trees planted on reclaimed mine lands in the Appalachians. For. Ecol. Manage. 223:403-414.
23. Chaney, W.R., P.E. Pope, and W.R. Byrnes. 1995. Tree survival and growth on land reclaimed in accord with public law 95-87. J. Environ. Qual. 24:630-634.
24. Chapman, A.G. 1947. Rehabilitation of areas stripped for coal. USDA For. Serv. Ctr. States For. Exp. Stn. Tech. Paper 108. USDA Forest Serv., Columbus, OH.
25. Cummins, D.G., W.T. Plass, and C.E. Gentry. 1965. Chemical and physical properties of spoil banks in the eastern Kentucky coal fields. USDA For. Serv. Ctr. States For. Exp. Stn., Columbus, OH.
26. Davidson, W.H., R.J. Hutnik, and D.E. Parr. 1984. Reforestation of mined land in the northeastern and north-central US. North. J. Appl. For. 1:7-12.
27. DenUyl, D. 1962. Survival and growth of hardwood plantations on strip mine spoil banks of Indiana. J. For. 60:603-606.
28. Farr, C., J. Skousen, P. Edwards, S. Connolly, and J. Sencindiver. 2008. Properties and acid risk assessment of soils in two parts of the Cherry River Watershed, West Virginia. Environ. Monit. Assess. 145. Available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/?k=Farr+Skousen (verified 18 May 2009).
29. Groninger, J.W., S.D. Fillmore, and R.A. Rathfon. 2006. Stand characteristics and productivity potential of Indiana surface mines reclaimed under SMCRA. North. J. Appl. For. 23:94-99.
30. Haering, K.C., W.L. Daniels, and J.M. Galbraith. 2004. Appalachian mine soil morphology and properties: Effects of weathering and mining method. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:1315-1325.
31. Haering, K.C., W.L. Daniels, and J.A. Roberts. 1993. Changes in mine soil properties resulting from overburden weathering. J. Environ. Qual. 22:194-200.
32. Harlow, W.M., and E.S. Harrar. 1968. Textbook of dendrology. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
33. Hatchell, G.E., C.W. Ralston, and R.R. Foil. 1970. Soil disturbances in logging: Effects on soil characteristics and growth of loblolly pine in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. J. For. 68:772-775.
34. Hicks, R.R., Jr. 1998. Ecology and management of central hardwood forests. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
35. Hicks, R.R., Jr., and D.A. Mudrick. 1994. Forest health 1993: A status report for West Virginia. West Virginia Dep. of Agric., Charleston.
36. Holl, K.D. 2002. Long-term vegetation recovery on reclaimed coal surface mines in the eastern USA. J. Appl. Ecol. 39:960-970.
37. Ike, A.F., Jr., and C.D. Huppuch. 1968. Predicting tree height growth from soil and topographic site factors in the Georgia Blue Ridge Mountains. Georgia For. Res. Pap. 54. Univ. of Georgia, Athens.
38. Jurinak, J.J., J. Bowden, F. Samson, and T. Portal. 1987. Electrical conductivity. p. 27-34. In R.D. William and G.E. Schuman (ed.) Reclaiming mine soils and overburden in the Western United States. Soil Conserv. Soc. of Am., Ankeny, IA.
39. Keys, R.N., F.C. Cech, and W.H. Davidson. 1971. The performance of Austrian pine seed sources on various sites in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. p. 103-114. In NE Forest Tree Improvement Conf., Northeast Forest Exp. Stn. U.S. Forest Serv., Upper Darby, PA.
40. Lancaster, K.F., and W.B. Leak. 1978. A silvicultural guide for white pine in the Northeast. USDA Forest Serv. General Tech. Rep. NE-41. U.S. Forest Serv., Upper Darby, PA.
41. Ledig, F.T. 1983. The influence of genotype and environment on dry matter distribution in plants. In P.A. Huxley (ed.) Plant research and agroforestry. Proc. Consultative Meet., Internat. Counc. Res. Agrofor., Nariobi, Kenya.
42. Limstrom, G.A. 1960. Forestation of strip-mined land in the Central States. USDA For. Serv. Ctr. States For. Exp. Stn., Agric. Handb.166. USDA, Columbus, OH.
43. Mays, D.A., K.R. Sistani, and J.M. Soileau. 2000. Lime and fertilizer needs for land reclamation. p. 217-240. In R. Barnhisel et al (ed.) Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 41. ASA, SSSA, and CSSA, Madison, WI.
44. McFee, W.W., W.R. Byrnes, and J.G. Stockton. 1981. Characteristics of coal mine overburden important to plant growth. J. Environ. Qual. 10:300-308.
45. Mehlich, A. 1953. Short test methods used in soil testing division. STDP no. 1-53. North Carolina Dep. of Agric., Raleigh, NC.
46. Mickalitis, A.B., and D.B. Kutz. 1949. Experiments and observations on planting areas 'stripped' for coal in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Forests Waters 1:62-70.
47. Minkler, L.S. 1941. Forest plantation success and soil-site characteristics on old fields in the Great Appalachian Valley. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 6:396-398.
48. Omi, S.K. 1986. Soil compaction: Effects on seedling growth. Rep. M-125. USDA For. Serv., GTR Res. Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins.
49. Paone, J., P. Struthers, and W. Johnson. 1978. Extent of disturbed lands and major reclamation problems in the United States. p. 11-22. In F. Schaller and P. Sutton (ed.) Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands. 1st ed. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
50. Phillips, M. 2006. Procedures to insure reclamation success. p. 682-685. In R. Barnhisel et al. (ed.) Proc., Am. Soc. for Surface Mining and Reclamation Land Reclamation Symp., Billings, MT. 4-8 June 2006. American Soc. for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY.
51. Plass, W.T. 2000. History of surface mining reclamation and associated legislation. p. 1-20. In R. Barnhisel et al. (rd.) Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 41. ASA, SSSA, and CSSA, Madison, WI.
52. Plass, W.T. 1982. The impact of surface mining on the commercial forests of the United States. p. 1-7. In C.A. Kolar and W.C. Ashby (ed.) Post-mining productivity with trees. 31Mar.-2 Apr. 1982. Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL.
53. Potter, H.S., S. Weitzman, and G.R. Trimble, Jr. 1955. Reforestation of stripped-mined lands. West Virginia Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Mimeographed Circular 55. West Virginia Univ., Morgantown.
54. Rodrigue, J.A., and J.A. Burger. 2004. Forest soil productivity of mined land in the Midwestern and Eastern coalfield regions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 68:833-844.
55. SAS Institute. 2005. SAS user's guide. Version 8. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
56. Schlesinger, R.C. 1990. Fraxinus Americana L., white ash. p. 333-338. In R.M. Burns and B.H. Honkala (ed.) Silvics of North America, Vol.2, Hardwoods. USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb. 654. U.S. Forest Serv., Washington, DC.
57. Sencindiver, J.C., and J.T. Ammons. 2000. Minesoil genesis and classification. p. 595-613. In R. Barnhisel et al. (ed.) Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 41, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
58. Siegel-Issem, C.M., J.A. Burger, R.F. Powers, F. Ponder, and S.C. Patterson. 2005. Seedling root growth as a function of soil density and water content. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69:215-226.
59. Skousen, J.G., J. Gorman, and P. Emerson. 2007. Survival of commercial hardwoods on reclaimed minesoils in West Virginia: 6th year results. p. 229-237. In R. Barnhisel (ed.) Proc., 2007 American Soc. of Mining and Reclamation, Gillette, WY. 2-7 June 2007. ASMR, Lexington, KY.
60. Skousen, J.G., P. Ziemkiewicz, and C. Venable. 2006. Tree recruitment and growth on 20-year-old, unreclaimed surface mined lands in West Virginia. Int. J. Mining Reclam. Environ. 20:142-154.
61. Smith, R.M., and A.A. Sobek. 1978. Physical and chemical properties of overburdens, spoils, wastes, and new soils. p. 149-172. In F. Schaller and P. Sutton (ed.) Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands, 1st ed. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
62. Sobek, A.A., J.G. Skousen, and S.E. Fisher. 2000. Chemical and physical properties of overburdens and minesoils. p. 77-104. In R. Barnhisel et al (ed.) Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands, 2nd ed. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
63. Slagle, A., J. Skousen, D. Bhumbla, J. Sencindiver, and L. McDonald. 2004. Trace element concentrations of three soils in central Appalachia. Soil Survey Horizons 45:73-85.
64. Torbert, J.L. 1995. Reclamation of surface-mined forestland in the southern Appalachians. Ph.D. Diss. Virginia Polytechnical Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg.
65. Torbert, J.L., and J.A. Burger. 2000. Forest land reclamation. p. 371-398. In R. Barnhisel et al. (ed.) Reclamation of drastically disturbed lands, 2nd ed. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Madison, WI.
66. Torbert, J.L., and J.A. Burger. 1990. Tree survival and growth on graded and ungraded mine soil. Tree Planters Notes 4:3-5.
67. Torbert, J.L., J.A. Burger, and W.L. Daniels. 1990. Pine growth variation associated with overburden rock type on a reclaimed surface mine in Virginia. J. Environ. Qual. 17:88-92.
68. Torbert, J.L., S.S. Schoenholtz, J.A. Burger, and R.E. Kreh. 2000. Growth of three pine species after eleven years on reclaimed minesoils in Virginia. North. J. Appl. For. 17:1-5.
69. Torbert, J.L., A.R. Tuladhar, J.A. Burger, and J.C. Bell. 1988. Mine soil property effects on the height of 10-year-old white pine. J. Environ. Qual. 17:189-192.
70. Tyner, E.H., R.M. Smith, and S.L. Galpin. 1948. Reclamation of strip-mined areas in West Virginia. Agron. J. 40:313-323.
71. Tryon, E.H. 1952. Forest cover for spoil banks. West Virginia Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. Bull. 357. West Virginia Univ., Morgantown.
72. Vogel, W.G. 1977. Revegetation of surface-mined lands in the East. p. 167-172. In Proc., Soc. of American Foresters National Convention, Albuquerque, NM. 2-6 Oct. 1977. Soc. Am. Foresters, Bethesda, MD.
73. Zeleznik, J.D., and J.G. Skousen. 1996. Survival of three tree species on old reclaimed surface mines in Ohio. J. Environ. Qual. 25:1429-1435.