Live attenuated influenza vaccine - A review

Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 95-101

  Gasparini, Roberto ^a   Amicizia, D ^a   Lai, P L ^a   Panato, D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (IIV); Influenza; Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV); Vaccine

Indexed keywords

HEMAGGLUTININ; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; INFLUENZA VACCINE; MATRIX PROTEIN; NUCLEOPROTEIN; SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN; SIALIDASE;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; ASTHMA; COLD ACCLIMATIZATION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDUCED HEADACHE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EXPERIMENTAL MOUSE; FERRET; FEVER; FOLLOW UP; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GENE TRANSFER; GENETIC STABILITY; GENOTYPE; GROUPS BY AGE; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN BLOOD LEVEL; INFLUENZA; INFLUENZA VIRUS; INFLUENZA VIRUS A H1N1; INNATE IMMUNITY; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MORBIDITY; MUCUS SECRETION; MYALGIA; NONHUMAN; NOSE SECRETION; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PHENOTYPE; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; REVIEW; RHINORRHEA; SEROCONVERSION; SORE THROAT; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT; VIRULENCE; VIRUS PLAQUE; VIRUS SHEDDING; VIRUS STRAIN; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; VOMITING;

COLD TEMPERATURE; GENOTYPE; HUMANS; INFLUENZA VACCINES; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE; PHENOTYPE; VACCINES, ATTENUATED; VIRUS SHEDDING;

EID: 80053013845     PISSN: 11212233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Belyakov IM, Ahlers JD. What role does the route of immunization play in the generation of protective immunity against mucosal pathogens? J Immunol 2009;183:6883-92.
2. Murphy BR, Coelingh K. Principles underlying the development and use of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza A and B virus vaccines. Viral Immunol 2002;15:295-323. (Pubitemid 34651533)
3. Takada A, Matsushita S, Ninomiya A, et al. Intranasal immunization with formalin-inactivated virus vaccine induces a broad spectrum of heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A virus infection in mice. Vaccine 2003;21:3212-8. (Pubitemid 36700428)
4. Tumpey TM, Renshaw M, Clements JD, et al. Mucosal delivery of inactivated influenza vaccine induces B-cell-dependent heterosubtypic crossprotection against lethal influenza A H5N1 virus infection. J Virol 2001;75:5141-50 (Pubitemid 32448536)
5. Price GE, Soboleski MR, Lo CY, et al. Single-dose mucosal immunization with a candidate universal influenza vaccine provides rapid protection from virulent H5N1, H3N2 and H1N1 viruses. PLoS One 2010;5:e13162.
6. Murphy BR, Chalhub EG, Nusinoff SR, et al. Temperature- sensitive mutants of influenza virus. II. Attenuation of ts recombinants for man. J Infect Dis 1972;126:170-8.
7. Beare AS, Bynoe ML. Attenuation of human influenza A viruses. Brit Med J 1969;4:198-201.
8. Alexandrova GI, Smorodintsev AA. Obtaining of an additionally attenuated vaccinating cryophil influenza strain. Rev Roum Inframicrobiol 1965;44:734-9.
9. Maassab HF. Adaptation and growth characteristics of influenza virus at 25°C. Nature 1967;213:612-4.
10. Tosh PK, Boyce TG, Poland GA. Flu myths: dispelling the myths associated with live attenuated influenza vaccine. Mayo Clin Proc 2008; 83:77-84.
11. Murphy BR, Chalhub EG, Nusinoff SR, et al. Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. III. Further characterization of the ts-[E] influenza A recombinant (H3N2) virus in man. J Infect Dis 1973;128:479-87.
12. Clements ML, O'Donnell S, LevineMM, et al. Dose response of A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) cold-adapted reassortant vaccine virus in adult volunteers: role of local antibody in resistance to infection with vaccine virus. Infect Immun 1983;40:1044-51. (Pubitemid 13103155)
13. Clements ML, Betts RF, Tierney El, et al. Serum and nasal wash antibodies associated with resistance to experimental challenge with influenza A wild-type virus. J Clin Microbiol 1986;24:157-60. (Pubitemid 16090261)
14. Clements ML, Murphy BR. Development and persistence of local and systemic antibody responses in adults given live attenuated or inactivated influenza. A virus vaccine. J Clin Microbiol 1986;23:66-72. (Pubitemid 16186972)
15. Potter CW. Chronicle of influenza pandemics. In: Nicholson KG, Webster KG, Hay A, eds. Textbook of Influenza. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science 1998, pp. 3-18.
16. Cretescu L, Beare AS, Schild GC. Formation of antibody to matrix protein in experimental human influenza A virus infections. Infect Immun 1978;22:322-7. (Pubitemid 9052599)
17. Potter CW, Oxford JS. Determinants of immunity to influenza infection in man. Br Med J 1979;35:69-75. (Pubitemid 9096975)
18. Askonas BA, McMichael AJ, Webster RG. The immune response to influenza viruses and the problem of protection against infection. In: Beare AS, ed. Basic and Applied Influenza Research. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press 1982, pp. 159-88.
19. Murphy BR, Clements ML. The systemic and mucosal immune response of humans to influenza A virus. In: Mestecky J, McGhee JR, eds. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. New York: Springer Verlag 1989, pp. 107-16.
20. Quinnan GV, Ennis FA, Tuazon CU, et al. Cytotoxic lymphocytes and antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytotoxicity induced by administration of influenza vaccine. Infect Immun 1980;30:362-9. (Pubitemid 10029990)
21. Ruben FL, Bachmayer H, Fireman P. Parameters of humoral and cellular immunity to influenza A/USSR/90/77(H1N1): virus in various age groups. J Infect Dis 1980;142:699-703. (Pubitemid 11138422)
22. McMichael AJ, Gotch FM, Noble GR, et al. Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to influenza. N Engl J Med 1983;309:13-7. (Pubitemid 13062888)
23. McMichael AJ, Michie CA, Gotch FM, et al. Recognition of influenza A virus nucleoprotein by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Gen Virol 1986;67:719-26. (Pubitemid 16048050)
24. Doherty PC, Riberdy JM, Christensen JP. Memory and recall CD8+ T cell responses to the influenza A viruses. In: Osterhaus A, Cox NJ, Hampson AW, eds. Options for the Control of Influenza IV. New York: Elsevier Science 2001, pp. 293-300.
25. Cox RJ, Brokstad KA, Ogra P. Influenza virus: immunity and vaccination strategies. Comparison of the immune response to inactivated and live, attenuated influenza vaccines. Scand J Immunol 2004;59:1-15. (Pubitemid 38186834)
26. Kendal AP. Cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccines developed in Russia: can they contribute to meeting the needs for influenza control in other countries? Eur J Epidemiol 1997;13:591-609. (Pubitemid 27306181)
27. Smorodincev AA. The efficacy of live influenza vaccines. Bull World Health Organ 1969;41:585-8.
28. Maassab HF, Francis T Jr, Davemport FM, et al. Laboratory and clinical characteristics of attenuated strains of influenza virus. Bull World Health Organ 1969;41:589-94.
29. Murphy BR, Chanock RM, Clements MY, et al. Evaluation od A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) cold-adapted recombinant viruses derived from A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted donor virus in adult seronegative volunteers. Infect Immun 1981;32:693-7. (Pubitemid 11101704)
30. Anderson EL, Newman FK, Maassab HF, et al. Evaluation of a cold-adapted influenza B/texas/84 reassortant virus (CRB-87) vaccine in young children. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30:2230-4.
31. Murphy BR, Chanock RM, Douglas RG, et al. Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: evaluation of the Alaska/77-ts-lA2 temperature sensitive recombinant virus in seronegative adult volunteers. Arch Virol 1980;65:169-73. (Pubitemid 10012479)
32. Murphy BR., Holley HP Jr, Berquist EJ, et al. Cold-adapted variants of influenza A virus: evaluation in adult seronegative volunteers of A/Scotland/840/74 and A/Victoria/3/75 cold-adapted recombinants derived from the coldadapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 strain. Infect Immun 1979;23:253-9. (Pubitemid 9119823)
33. Alexandrova GI, Polehzhaev FI, Budilovsky GN, et al. Recombinant cold-adapted attenuated influenza A vaccines for use in children: reactogenicity and antigenic activity of cold-adapted recombinants and analysis of isolates from the vaccines. Infect Immun 1984;44:734-9. (Pubitemid 14112709)
34. Gruber WC, Belshe RB, King JC, et al. Evaluation of live attenuated influenza vaccines in children 6-18 months of age: safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. JID 1996;173:1313-9. (Pubitemid 26286789)
35. Gruber WC, Darden PM, Still G, et al. Evaluation of bivalent live attenuated influenza A vaccines in children 2 months to 3 years of age: safety, immunogenicity and dose response. Vaccine 1997;15:1379-84. (Pubitemid 27397817)
36. King KC, Lagos R, Bernstein DI, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of low and high doses of trivalent live cold-adapted influenza vaccine administered intranasally as drops or spray to healthy children. JID 1988;177:1394-7.
37. Piedra PA, Yan L, Kotloff K, et al. Safety of the trivalent, coldadapted influenza vaccine in preschool-aged children. Pediatrics 2002;110:662-72.
38. Beyer WE, Palache AM, De Jong JC, et al. Cold-adapted live influenza vaccine versus inactivated vaccine: systemic vaccine reactions, local and systemic antibody response, and vaccine efficacy. A meta-analysis. Vaccine 2002;20:1340-53. (Pubitemid 34131675)
39. Harper SA, Fukuda K, Cox NJ, et al. Using live, attenuated influenza vaccine for prevention and control of influenza. MMWR Recomm Rep 2003;52(RR-13):1-8.
40. Belshe RB, Mendelman PM, Treanor J, et al. The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine in children. N Engl J Med 1998;338:11405-12.
41. Belshe RB, Gruber WC, Mendelman PM, et al. Efficacy of vaccination with live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine against a variant (A/Sydney) not contained in the vaccine. J Pediatr 2000;136:168-75. (Pubitemid 30470986)
42. Bergen R, Black S, Shinefield H, et al. Safety of cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccine in a large cohort of children and adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004;23:138-44. (Pubitemid 38222786)
43. Belshe RB. Current status of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine in the US. Virus Research 2004;103:177-85. (Pubitemid 38649077)
44. Ambrose CS, Walker RE, Connor EM. Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Children. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2006;17:206-12. (Pubitemid 44572792)
45. Belshe RB, Edwards KM, Vesikari T, et al. Live Attenuated versus Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Infants and Young Children. New Engl J Med 2007;356:685-96.
46. Tennis P, Toback SL, Andrews E, et al. A postmarketing evaluation of the frequency of use and safety of live attenuated influenza vaccine use in nonrecommended children younger than 5 years. Vaccine 2011;29:4947-52.
47. Ambrose CS, Luke C, Coelingh K. Current status of live attenuated influenza vaccine in the United States for seasonal and pandemic influenza. Influenza Other Respi Viruses 2008;2:193-202.
48. Mallory RM, Malkin E, Ambrose CS, et al. Safety and immunogenicity following administration of a live, attenuated monovalent 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine to children and adults in two randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2010;5:e13755.
49. Center for Disease Control (CDC). Live, intranasal influenza vaccine, what you need to know - 2010-2011. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/ downloads/vis-flulive.pdf. Accessed on June 15, 2011.
50. European Medicines Agency (EMA). Assessment Report - Fluenz. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document-library/EPAR---Public-assessment- report/human/001101/WC500103711.pdf. Accessed on June 15, 2011.
51. Redding G, Walker RE, Hessel C, et al. Safety and tolerability of cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine in children and adolescents with asthma. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21:44-8. (Pubitemid 34073958)
52. Fleming DM, Crovari P, Wahn U, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza vaccine, trivalent, with trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine in children and adolescents with asthma. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:860-9. (Pubitemid 44510577)
53. Medvedeva TE, Alexandrova GI, Smorodintsev AA. Differentiation of temperature variants of influenza A2 viruses on the basis of plaque formation. J Virol 1968;2:456-60.
54. Cha TA, Kao K, Zhao J, et al. Genotypic stability of cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine in an efficacy clinical trial. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:839-45. (Pubitemid 30082690)
55. Talbot TR, Crocker DD, Peters J, et al. Duration of virus shedding after trivalent intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccination in adults. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005;26:494-500. (Pubitemid 40695285)
56. Buonagurio DA, O'Neill RE, Shutyak L, et al. Genetic and phenotypic stability of cold-adapted influenza viruses in a trivalent vaccine administered to children in a day care setting. Virology 2006;347:296-306.
57. Vesikari T, Karvonen A, Korhonen T, et al. A randomized, double- blind study of the safety, transmissibility and phenotypic and genotypic stability of cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:590-5. (Pubitemid 43995354)
58. Cate TR, Couch RB. Live influenza A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) virus vaccines: reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and protection against wild-type virus challenge. Infect Immun 1982;38:141-6.
59. Ashkenazi S, Vertruyen A, Aristegui J, et al. Superior relative efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine compared with inactivated influenza vaccine in young children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:870-9. (Pubitemid 44510578)
60. Monto AS, Davenport FM, Napier JA, et al. Modification of an outbreak of influenza in Tecumseh, Michigan by vaccination of school-children. J Infect Dis 1970;122:16-25.
61. Reichert TA, Sugaya N, Fedson DS, et al. The Japanese experience with vaccinating schoolchildren against influenza. New Engl J Med 2001;344:889-96. (Pubitemid 32224397)
62. Jung EJ, Lee KH, Seong BL. Reverse genetic platform for inactivated and live-attenuated influenza vaccine. Exp Mol Med 2010;42:116-21.
63. Solòrzano A, Ye J, Pérez DR. Alternative live-attenuated influenza vaccines based on modifications in the polymerase genes protect against epidemic and pandemic flu. J Virol 2010;84:4587-96.
64. Hatta M, Gao P, Halfmann P, et al. Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses. Science 2001;293:1840-2. (Pubitemid 32845783)
65. Levin MJ, Song LY, Fenton T, et al. Anti-influenza serum and mucosal antibody responses after administration of live attenuated or inactivated influenza vaccines to HIV-infected children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010;55:189-96
66. King JC Jr, Treanor J, Fast PE,et al. Comparison of the safety, vaccine virus shedding, and immunogenicity of influenza virus vaccine, trivalent, types A and B, livecold-adapted, administered to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected adults. J Infect Dis 2000;181:725-8. (Pubitemid 30131847)
67. Belshe RB, Gruber WC. Prevention of otitis media in children with live attenuated influenza vaccine given intanasally. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19(Suppl):S66-71. (Pubitemid 30308024)
68. Breiman RF, Broks WA, Goswami D, et al. A multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of live attenuated influenza vaccine coadministered with oral poliovirus vaccine in healthy young children. Vaccine 2009;27:5472-9.