Surgery for high-risk localized prostate cancer

Therapeutic Advances in Urology

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 173-182

  Schmitges, Jan ^a   Trinh, Quoc Dien ^b   Walz, Jochen ^c   Graefen, Markus ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^c INSTITUT PAOLI CALMETTES   (France)

Author keywords

high risk prostate cancer; perioperative complications; prostatectomy; urinary incontinence

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER STAGING; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MORBIDITY; PATIENT COUNSELING; PELVIS LYMPHADENECTOMY; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATECTOMY; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 80053013823     PISSN: 17562872     EISSN: 17562880     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1756287211418722     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Agarwal P.K. Sammon J. Bhandari A. Dabaja A. Diaz M. Dusik-Fenton S. (2011) Safety profile of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a standardized report of complications in 3317 patients. Eur Urol in press.
2. Allaf M.E. Palapattu G.S. Trock B.J. Carter H.B. Walsh P.C. (2004) Anatomical extent of lymph node dissection: impact on men with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 172: 1840–1844.
3. American Joint Committee on Cancer (2002) AJCC Staging Manual 6th edn. Springer: New York.
4. Bader P. Burkhard F.C. Markwalder R. Studer U.E. (2003) Disease progression and survival of patients with positive lymph nodes after radical prostatectomy. Is there a chance of cure? J Urol 169: 849–854.
5. Bastian P.J. Gonzalgo M.L. Aronson W.J. Terris M.K. Kane C.J. Amling C.L. (2006) Clinical and pathologic outcome after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer patients with a preoperative Gleason sum of 8 to 10. Cancer 107: 1265–1272.
6. Bastide C. Kuefer R. Loeffler M. De Petriconi R. Gschwend J. Hautmann R. (2006) The role of radical prostatectomy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and a prostate-specific antigen level >20 ng/ml. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 9(3): 239–244. Epub 2006 Jul 11.
7. Berglund R.K. Jones J.S. Ulchaker J.C. Fergany A. Gill I. Kaouk J. (2006) Radical prostatectomy as primary treatment modality for locally advanced prostate cancer: a prospective analysis. Urology 67: 1253–1256.
8. Bianco F.J. Jr Scardino P.T. Eastham J.A. (2005) Radical prostatectomy: long-term cancer control and recovery of sexual and urinary function (“trifecta”). Urology 66: 83–94.
9. Boccon-Gibod L. Bertaccini A. Bono A.V. Dev Sarmah B. Holtl W. Mottet N. (2003) Management of locally advanced prostate cancer: a European consensus. Int J Clin Pract 57: 187–194.
10. Bolla M. Collette L. Blank L. Warde P. Dubois J.B. Mirimanoff R.O. (2002) Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomised trial. Lancet 360: 103–106.
11. Bolla M. Gonzalez D. Warde P. Dubois J.B. Mirimanoff R.O. Storme G. (1997) Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin. N Engl J Med 337: 295–300.
12. Briganti A. Blute M.L. Eastham J.H. Graefen M. Heidenreich A. Karnes J.R. (2009) Pelvic lymph node dissection in prostate cancer. Eur Urol 55: 1251–1265.
13. Briganti A. Chun F.K. Salonia A. Gallina A. Farina E. Da Pozzo L.F. (2006) Validation of a nomogram predicting the probability of lymph node invasion based on the extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. BJU Int 98: 788–793.
14. Burkhard F.C. Kessler T.M. Fleischmann A. Thalmann G.N. Schumacher M. Studer U.E. (2006) Nerve sparing open radical retropubic prostatectomy–does it have an impact on urinary continence? J Urol 176: 189–195.
15. Cagiannos I. Karakiewicz P. Eastham J.A. Ohori M. Rabbani F. Gerigk C. (2003) A preoperative nomogram identifying decreased risk of positive pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer. J Urol 170: 1798–1803.
16. Carver B.S. Bianco F.J. Jr Scardino P.T. Eastham J.A. (2006) Long-term outcome following radical prostatectomy in men with clinical stage T3 prostate cancer. J Urol 176: 564–568.
17. Catalona W.J. Carvalhal G.F. Mager D.E. Smith D.S. (1999) Potency, continence and complication rates in 1,870 consecutive radical retropubic prostatectomies. J Urol 162(2): 433–438.
18. Chun F.K. Graefen M. Zacharias M. Haese A. Steuber T. Schlomm T. (2006) Anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy-long-term recurrence-free survival rates for localized prostate cancer. World J Urol 24: 273–280.
19. Cooperberg M.R. Cowan J. Broering J.M. Carroll P.R. (2008) High-risk prostate cancer in the United States, 1990–2007. World J Urol 26: 211–218.
20. Cooperberg M.R. Vickers A.J. Broering J.M. Carroll P.R. (2010) Comparative risk-adjusted mortality outcomes after primary surgery, radiotherapy, or androgen-deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Cancer 116: 5226–5234.
21. D–Amico A.V. Whittington R. Malkowicz S.B. Schultz D. Blank K. Broderick G.A. (1998) Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or interstitial radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA 280: 969–974.
22. D–Amico A.V. Whittington R. Malkowicz S.B. Schultz D. Schnall M. Tomaszewski J.E. (1995) A multivariate analysis of clinical and pathological factors that predict for prostate specific antigen failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol 154: 131–138.
23. Denberg T.D. Glode L.M. Steiner J.F. Crawford E.D. Hoffman R.M. (2006) Trends and predictors of aggressive therapy for clinical locally advanced prostate carcinoma. BJU Int 98: 335–340.
24. Dillioglugil O. Leibman B.D. Leibman N.S. Kattan M.W. Rosas A.L. Scardino P.T. (1997) Risk factors for complications and morbidity after radical retropubic prostatectomy. J Urol 157: 1760–1767.
25. Eastham J.A. Kattan M.W. Rogers E. Goad J.R. Ohori M. Boone T.B. (1996) Risk factors for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 156(5): 1707–1713.
26. Freedland S.J. Humphreys E.B. Mangold L.A. Eisenberger M. Dorey F.J. Walsh P.C. (2005) Risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. JAMA 294: 433–439.
27. Gleason D.F. Mellinger G.T. (1974) Prediction of prognosis for prostatic adenocarcinoma by combined histological grading and clinical staging. J Urol 111: 58–64.
28. Gontero P. Marchioro G. Pisani R. Zaramella S. Sogni F. Kocjancic E. (2007) Is radical prostatectomy feasible in all cases of locally advanced non-bone metastatic prostate cancer? Results of a single-institution study. Eur Urol 51(4): 922–929.
29. Greene K.L. Cowan J.E. Cooperberg M.R. Meng M.V. Duchane J. Carroll P.R. (2005) Who is the average patient presenting with prostate cancer? Urology 66: 76–82.
30. Heidenreich A. Bellmunt J. Bolla M. Joniau S. Mason M. Matveev V. (2011) EAU Guidelines on prostate cancer. Part 1: Screening, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised disease. Eur Urol 59: 61–71.
31. Heidenreich A. Ohlmann C.H. Polyakov S. (2007) Anatomical extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 52: 29–37.
32. Heidenreich A. Varga Z. Von Knobloch R. (2002) Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: high incidence of lymph node metastasis. J Urol 167: 1681–1686.
33. Hodgson D. Warde P. Gospodarowicz M. (1998) The management of locally advanced prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 4: 3–12.
34. Hull G.W. Rabbani F. Abbas F. Wheeler T.M. Kattan M.W. Scardino P.T. (2002) Cancer control with radical prostatectomy alone in 1,000 consecutive patients. J Urol 167: 528–534.
35. Jemal A. Siegel R. Xu J. Ward E. (2010) Cancer Statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin 60: 277–300.
36. Joslyn S.A. Konety B.R. (2006) Impact of extent of lymphadenectomy on survival after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Urology 68: 121–125.
37. Kane C.J. Presti J.C. Jr Amling C.L. Aronson W.J. Terris M.K. Freedland S.J. (2007) Changing nature of high risk patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. J Urol 177: 113–117.
38. Kattan M.W. Eastham J.A. Stapleton A.M. Wheeler T.M. Scardino P.T. (1998) A preoperative nomogram for disease recurrence following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 90: 766–771.
39. Kessler T.M. Burkhard F.C. Studer U.E. (2007) Nerve-sparing open radical retropubic prostatectomy. Eur Urol 51(1): 90–97.
40. Kundu S.D. Roehl K.A. Eggener S.E. Antenor J.A.V. Han M. Catalona W.J. (2004) Potency, continence and complications in 3,477 consecutive radical retropubic prostatectomies. J Urol 172(6 Pt 1): 2227–2231.
41. Lavery H.J. Nabizada-Pace F. Carlucci J.R. Brajtbord J.S. Samadi D.B. (2010) Nerve-sparing robotic prostatectomy in preoperatively high-risk patients is safe and efficacious. Urologic Oncol. in press.
42. Lawton C.A. Winter K. Murray K. Machtay M. Mesic J.B. Hanks G.E. (2001) Updated results of the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Trial 85-31 evaluating the potential benefit of androgen suppression following standard radiation therapy for unfavorable prognosis carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 49: 937–946.
43. Loeb S. Smith N.D. Roehl K.A. Catalona W.J. (2007) Intermediate-Term Potency, Continence, and Survival Outcomes of Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically High-Risk or Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer. Urology 69: 1170–1175.
44. Masterson T.A. Bianco F.J. Jr Vickers A.J. Diblasio C.J. Fearn P.A. Rabbani F. (2006) The association between total and positive lymph node counts, and disease progression in clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 175: 1320–1324. discussion 1324-1325.
45. Michl U.H. Friedrich M.G. Graefen M. Haese A. Heinzer H. Huland H. (2006) Prediction of postoperative sexual function after nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. J Urol 176: 227–231.
46. Mitchell R.E. Desai M. Shah J.B. Olsson C.A. Benson M.C. McKiernan J.M. (2006) Preoperative serum prostate specific antigen remains a significant prognostic variable in predicting biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 175: 1663–1667. discussion 1667.
47. Nandipati K.C. Raina R. Agarwal A. Zippe C.D. (2007) Nerve-sparing surgery significantly affects long-term continence after radical prostatectomy. Urology 70(6): 1127–1130.
48. Novara G. Ficarra V. D'elia C. Secco S. Cavalleri S. Artibani W. (2010) Prospective evaluation with standardised criteria for postoperative complications after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 57(3): 363–370.
49. Novara G. Ficarra V. D'elia C. Secco S. Cioffi A. Cavalleri S. (2010) Evaluating urinary continence and preoperative predictors of urinary continence after robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. J Urol 184(3): 1028–1033.
50. Oesterling J.E. Chan D.W. Epstein J.I. Kimball A.W. Jr Bruzek D.J. Rock R.C. (1988) Prostate specific antigen in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of localized prostatic cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. J Urol 139: 766–772.
51. Pierorazio P.M. Spencer B.A. McCann T.R. McKiernan J.M. Benson M.C. (2007) Preoperative risk stratification predicts likelihood of concurrent PSA-free survival, continence, and potency (the trifecta analysis) after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urology 70(4): 717–722.
52. Pound C.R. Partin A.W. Eisenberger M.A. Chan D.W. Pearson J.D. Walsh P.C. (1999) Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. JAMA 281: 1591–1597.
53. Pound C.R. Partin A.W. Epstein J.I. Walsh P.C. (1997) Prostate-specific antigen after anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy. Patterns of recurrence and cancer control. Urol Clin North Am 24: 395–406.
54. Rabbani F. Yunis L.H. Pinochet R. Nogueira L. Vora K.C. Eastham J.A. (2010) Comprehensive standardized report of complications of retropubic and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 57(3): 371–386.
55. Sacco E. Prayer-Galetti T. Pinto F. Fracalanza S. Betto G. Pagano F. (2006) Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: incidence by definition, risk factors and temporal trend in a large series with a long-term follow-up. BJU Int 97(6): 1234–1241.
56. Shariat S.F. Karakiewicz P.I. Roehrborn C.G. Kattan M.W. (2008) An updated catalog of prostate cancer predictive tools. Cancer 113: 3075–3099.
57. Simone N.L. Singh A.K. Cowan J.E. Soule B.P. Carroll P.R. Litwin M.S. (2008) Pretreatment predictors of death from other causes in men with prostate cancer. J Urol 180(6): 2447–2451.
58. Van Den Ouden D. Hop W.C. Schroder F.H. (1998) Progression in and survival of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (T3) treated with radical prostatectomy as monotherapy. J Urol 160: 1392–1397.
59. Van Poppel H. Goethuys H. Callewaert P. Vanuytsel L. Van De Voorde W. Baert L. (2000) Radical prostatectomy can provide a cure for well-selected clinical stage T3 prostate cancer. Eur Urol 38: 372–379.
60. Walz J. Joniau S. Chun F.K. Isbarn H. Jeldres C. Yossepowitch O. (2011) Pathological results and rates of treatment failure in high-risk prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 107: 765–770.
61. Ward J.F. Slezak J.M. Blute M.L. Bergstralh E.J. Zincke H. (2005) Radical prostatectomy for clinically advanced (CT3) prostate cancer since the advent of prostate-specific antigen testing: 15-year outcome. BJU Int 95: 751–756.
62. Yossepowitch O. Eastham J.A. (2008) Role of radical prostatectomy in the treatment of high-risk prostate cancer. Curr Urol Rep 9: 203–210.
63. Yossepowitch O. Eggener S.E. Bianco F.J. Jr Carver B.S. Serio A. Scardino P.T. (2007) Radical prostatectomy for clinically localized, high risk prostate cancer: critical analysis of risk assessment methods. J Urol 178: 493–499. discussion 499.
64. Yossepowitch O. Eggener S.E. Serio A.M. Carver B.S. Bianco F.J. Jr Scardino P.T. (2008) Secondary therapy, metastatic progression, and cancer-specific mortality in men with clinically high-risk prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 53: 950–959.
65. Zelefsky M.J. Eastham J.A. Cronin A.M. Fuks Z. Zhang Z. Yamada Y. (2010) Metastasis after radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: a comparison of clinical cohorts adjusted for case mix. J Clin Oncol 28: 1508–1513.