메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 922-930

Management of refractory status epilepticus in adults: Still more questions than answers

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLONAZEPAM; ETIRACETAM; HARKOSERIDE; ISOFLURANE; KETAMINE; LIDOCAINE; LORAZEPAM; MAGNESIUM; MIDAZOLAM; PENTOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PREGABALIN; PROPOFOL; THIOPENTAL; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID; VERAPAMIL;

EID: 80052982365     PISSN: 14744422     EISSN: 14744465     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70187-9     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (270)

References (126)
  • 1
    • 0033811270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of status epilepticus in French-speaking Switzerland: (EPISTAR)
    • Coeytaux A, Jallon P, Galobardes B, Morabia A Incidence of status epilepticus in French-speaking Switzerland: (EPISTAR). Neurology 2000, 55:693-697.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 693-697
    • Coeytaux, A.1    Jallon, P.2    Galobardes, B.3    Morabia, A.4
  • 2
    • 0029928372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia
    • DeLorenzo RJ, Hauser WA, Towne AR, et al. A prospective, population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia. Neurology 1996, 46:1029-1035.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1029-1035
    • DeLorenzo, R.J.1    Hauser, W.A.2    Towne, A.R.3
  • 3
    • 0034955896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of status epilepticus in adults in Germany: a prospective, population-based study
    • for the Status Epilepticus Study Group Hessen
    • Knake S, Rosenow F, Vescovi M, et al. Incidence of status epilepticus in adults in Germany: a prospective, population-based study. Epilepsia 2001, 42:714-718. for the Status Epilepticus Study Group Hessen.
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , pp. 714-718
    • Knake, S.1    Rosenow, F.2    Vescovi, M.3
  • 5
    • 79953095319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment strategies for refractory status epilepticus
    • Holtkamp M Treatment strategies for refractory status epilepticus. Curr Opin Crit Care 2011, 17:94-100.
    • (2011) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.17 , pp. 94-100
    • Holtkamp, M.1
  • 6
    • 75649102828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractory status epilepticus: a prospective observational study
    • Novy J, Logroscino G, Rossetti AO Refractory status epilepticus: a prospective observational study. Epilepsia 2010, 51:251-256.
    • (2010) Epilepsia , vol.51 , pp. 251-256
    • Novy, J.1    Logroscino, G.2    Rossetti, A.O.3
  • 7
    • 16844387470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors and prognosis of refractory status epilepticus treated in a neurological intensive care unit
    • Holtkamp M, Othman J, Buchheim K, Meierkord H Predictors and prognosis of refractory status epilepticus treated in a neurological intensive care unit. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005, 76:534-539.
    • (2005) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.76 , pp. 534-539
    • Holtkamp, M.1    Othman, J.2    Buchheim, K.3    Meierkord, H.4
  • 9
    • 27744453605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractory status epilepticus: effect of treatment aggressiveness on prognosis
    • Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Bromfield EB Refractory status epilepticus: effect of treatment aggressiveness on prognosis. Arch Neurol 2005, 62:1698-1702.
    • (2005) Arch Neurol , vol.62 , pp. 1698-1702
    • Rossetti, A.O.1    Logroscino, G.2    Bromfield, E.B.3
  • 12
    • 33646927870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of status epilepticus: role of aetiology, age, and consciousness impairment at presentation
    • Rossetti AO, Hurwitz S, Logroscino G, Bromfield EB Prognosis of status epilepticus: role of aetiology, age, and consciousness impairment at presentation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006, 77:611-615.
    • (2006) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.77 , pp. 611-615
    • Rossetti, A.O.1    Hurwitz, S.2    Logroscino, G.3    Bromfield, E.B.4
  • 14
    • 78650514126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors, morbidity and mortality in tonic-clonic status epilepticus: a review
    • Neligan A, Shorvon SD Prognostic factors, morbidity and mortality in tonic-clonic status epilepticus: a review. Epilepsy Res 2011, 93:1-10.
    • (2011) Epilepsy Res , vol.93 , pp. 1-10
    • Neligan, A.1    Shorvon, S.D.2
  • 15
    • 66849128402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of refractory status epilepticus and outcome: loss of prognostic utility after several hours
    • Drislane FW, Blum AS, Lopez MR, Gautam S, Schomer DL Duration of refractory status epilepticus and outcome: loss of prognostic utility after several hours. Epilepsia 2009, 50:1566-1571.
    • (2009) Epilepsia , vol.50 , pp. 1566-1571
    • Drislane, F.W.1    Blum, A.S.2    Lopez, M.R.3    Gautam, S.4    Schomer, D.L.5
  • 16
    • 0031764429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of unprovoked seizure after acute symptomatic seizure: effect of status epilepticus
    • Hesdorffer DC, Logroscino G, Cascino G, Annegers JF, Hauser WA Risk of unprovoked seizure after acute symptomatic seizure: effect of status epilepticus. Ann Neurol 1998, 44:908-912.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 908-912
    • Hesdorffer, D.C.1    Logroscino, G.2    Cascino, G.3    Annegers, J.F.4    Hauser, W.A.5
  • 17
    • 26944445484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual prognosis of status epilepticus in adult epilepsy patients: analysis with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-revised
    • Adachi N, Kanemoto K, Muramatsu R, et al. Intellectual prognosis of status epilepticus in adult epilepsy patients: analysis with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-revised. Epilepsia 2005, 46:1502-1509.
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , pp. 1502-1509
    • Adachi, N.1    Kanemoto, K.2    Muramatsu, R.3
  • 18
    • 78650311205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional outcome after convulsive status epilepticus
    • Legriel S, Azoulay E, Resche-Rigon M, et al. Functional outcome after convulsive status epilepticus. Crit Care Med 2010, 38:2295-2303.
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 2295-2303
    • Legriel, S.1    Azoulay, E.2    Resche-Rigon, M.3
  • 19
    • 32544434351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Status epilepticus: pathophysiology and management in adults
    • Chen JW, Wasterlain CG Status epilepticus: pathophysiology and management in adults. Lancet Neurol 2006, 5:246-256.
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 246-256
    • Chen, J.W.1    Wasterlain, C.G.2
  • 20
    • 16844378536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractory status epilepticus
    • Bleck TP Refractory status epilepticus. Curr Opin Crit Care 2005, 11:117-120.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.11 , pp. 117-120
    • Bleck, T.P.1
  • 21
    • 33749532700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The management of refractory status epilepticus: an update
    • Lowenstein DH The management of refractory status epilepticus: an update. Epilepsia 2006, 47(suppl 1):35-40.
    • (2006) Epilepsia , vol.47 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 35-40
    • Lowenstein, D.H.1
  • 22
    • 33847634361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-convulsive status epilepticus in adults: clinical forms and treatment
    • Meierkord H, Holtkamp M Non-convulsive status epilepticus in adults: clinical forms and treatment. Lancet Neurol 2007, 6:329-339.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 329-339
    • Meierkord, H.1    Holtkamp, M.2
  • 23
    • 0032541616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group
    • Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY, et al. A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:792-798.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 792-798
    • Treiman, D.M.1    Meyers, P.D.2    Walton, N.Y.3
  • 24
    • 0001382420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of status epilepticus if first drug fails
    • Treiman DM, Walton NY, Collins JF, Point P Treatment of status epilepticus if first drug fails. Epilepsia 1999, 40(suppl 7):243.
    • (1999) Epilepsia , vol.40 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 243
    • Treiman, D.M.1    Walton, N.Y.2    Collins, J.F.3    Point, P.4
  • 25
    • 0027409921 scopus 로고
    • Systemic effects of generalized convulsive status epilepticus
    • Walton NY Systemic effects of generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1993, 34(suppl 1):S54-S58.
    • (1993) Epilepsia , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Walton, N.Y.1
  • 26
    • 0025428684 scopus 로고
    • The biochemical basis and pathophysiology of status epilepticus
    • Lothman E The biochemical basis and pathophysiology of status epilepticus. Neurology 1990, 40(suppl 2):13-23.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 13-23
    • Lothman, E.1
  • 27
    • 84934738615 scopus 로고
    • Physiology of status epilepticus in primates
    • Meldrum BS, Horton RW Physiology of status epilepticus in primates. Arch Neurol 1973, 28:1-9.
    • (1973) Arch Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 1-9
    • Meldrum, B.S.1    Horton, R.W.2
  • 28
    • 0032517750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-dependent decrease in the effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs during the course of self-sustaining status epilepticus
    • Mazarati AM, Baldwin RA, Sankar R, Wasterlain CG Time-dependent decrease in the effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs during the course of self-sustaining status epilepticus. Brain Res 1998, 814:179-185.
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.814 , pp. 179-185
    • Mazarati, A.M.1    Baldwin, R.A.2    Sankar, R.3    Wasterlain, C.G.4
  • 29
    • 0033597091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-methyl-D-asparate receptor antagonists abolish the maintenance phase of self-sustaining status epilepticus in rat
    • Mazarati AM, Wasterlain CG N-methyl-D-asparate receptor antagonists abolish the maintenance phase of self-sustaining status epilepticus in rat. Neurosci Lett 1999, 265:187-190.
    • (1999) Neurosci Lett , vol.265 , pp. 187-190
    • Mazarati, A.M.1    Wasterlain, C.G.2
  • 30
    • 0025057211 scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptor activation mediates the loss of GABAergic inhibition induced by recurrent seizures
    • Kapur J, Lothman EW NMDA receptor activation mediates the loss of GABAergic inhibition induced by recurrent seizures. Epilepsy Res 1990, 5:103-111.
    • (1990) Epilepsy Res , vol.5 , pp. 103-111
    • Kapur, J.1    Lothman, E.W.2
  • 32
    • 52949150750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement disorder emergencies
    • Poston KL, Frucht SJ Movement disorder emergencies. J Neurol 2008, 255(suppl 4):2-13.
    • (2008) J Neurol , vol.255 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 2-13
    • Poston, K.L.1    Frucht, S.J.2
  • 33
    • 43149112568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
    • LaFrance WC Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Curr Opin Neurol 2008, 21:195-201.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 195-201
    • LaFrance, W.C.1
  • 34
    • 1542316157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to recognize psychogenic nonepileptic seizures may cause death
    • Reuber M, Baker GA, Gill R, Smith DF, Chadwick DW Failure to recognize psychogenic nonepileptic seizures may cause death. Neurology 2004, 62:834-835.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 834-835
    • Reuber, M.1    Baker, G.A.2    Gill, R.3    Smith, D.F.4    Chadwick, D.W.5
  • 35
    • 33745645247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic status epilepticus in the emergency setting
    • Holtkamp M, Othman J, Buchheim K, Meierkord H Diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic status epilepticus in the emergency setting. Neurology 2006, 66:1727-1729.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 1727-1729
    • Holtkamp, M.1    Othman, J.2    Buchheim, K.3    Meierkord, H.4
  • 37
    • 66849099087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency and intensive care unit management of status epilepticus in adult patients and children (new-born excluded). Société de réanimation de langue française experts recommendations
    • (in French).
    • Outin H, Blanc T, Vinatier I Emergency and intensive care unit management of status epilepticus in adult patients and children (new-born excluded). Société de réanimation de langue française experts recommendations. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2009, 165:297-305. (in French).
    • (2009) Rev Neurol (Paris) , vol.165 , pp. 297-305
    • Outin, H.1    Blanc, T.2    Vinatier, I.3
  • 38
    • 77649174487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults
    • for the European Federation of Neurological Societies
    • Meierkord H, Boon P, Engelsen B, et al. EFNS guideline on the management of status epilepticus in adults. Eur J Neurol 2010, 17:348-355. for the European Federation of Neurological Societies.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 348-355
    • Meierkord, H.1    Boon, P.2    Engelsen, B.3
  • 39
    • 0035975408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lorazepam, diazepam, and placebo for the treatment of out-of-hospital status epilepticus
    • Alldredge BK, Gelb AM, Isaacs SM, et al. A comparison of lorazepam, diazepam, and placebo for the treatment of out-of-hospital status epilepticus. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:631-637.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 631-637
    • Alldredge, B.K.1    Gelb, A.M.2    Isaacs, S.M.3
  • 42
    • 78649245467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized convulsive status epilepticus management in adults: a cohort study with evaluation of professional practice
    • Aranda A, Foucart G, Ducassé JL, Grolleau S, McGonigal A, Valton L Generalized convulsive status epilepticus management in adults: a cohort study with evaluation of professional practice. Epilepsia 2010, 51:2159-2167.
    • (2010) Epilepsia , vol.51 , pp. 2159-2167
    • Aranda, A.1    Foucart, G.2    Ducassé, J.L.3    Grolleau, S.4    McGonigal, A.5    Valton, L.6
  • 43
    • 79953041403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of status epilepticus
    • Shorvon S The treatment of status epilepticus. Curr Opin Neurol 2011, 24:165-170.
    • (2011) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.24 , pp. 165-170
    • Shorvon, S.1
  • 44
    • 43349093516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence status epilepsy: delineation of a distinct idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome
    • Genton P, Ferlazzo E, Thomas P Absence status epilepsy: delineation of a distinct idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome. Epilepsia 2008, 49:642-649.
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 642-649
    • Genton, P.1    Ferlazzo, E.2    Thomas, P.3
  • 45
    • 0031910475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do nonconvulsive seizures damage the brain?-No
    • Aminoff MJ Do nonconvulsive seizures damage the brain?-No. Arch Neurol 1998, 55:119-120.
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 119-120
    • Aminoff, M.J.1
  • 46
    • 0032792836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence against permanent neurologic damage from nonconvulsive status epilepticus
    • Drislane FW Evidence against permanent neurologic damage from nonconvulsive status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol 1999, 16:323-331.
    • (1999) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.16 , pp. 323-331
    • Drislane, F.W.1
  • 47
    • 33749514836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), treat to burst-suppression: pro and con
    • Jordan KG, Hirsch LJ In nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), treat to burst-suppression: pro and con. Epilepsia 2006, 47(suppl 1):41-45.
    • (2006) Epilepsia , vol.47 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 41-45
    • Jordan, K.G.1    Hirsch, L.J.2
  • 48
    • 0034534073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No, some types of nonconvulsive status epilepticus cause little permanent neurologic sequelae (or: the cure may be worse than the disease)
    • Kaplan PW No, some types of nonconvulsive status epilepticus cause little permanent neurologic sequelae (or: the cure may be worse than the disease). Neurophysiol Clin 2000, 30:377-382.
    • (2000) Neurophysiol Clin , vol.30 , pp. 377-382
    • Kaplan, P.W.1
  • 49
    • 0031887410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do nonconvulsive seizures damage the brain?-Yes
    • Young GB, Jordan KG Do nonconvulsive seizures damage the brain?-Yes. Arch Neurol 1998, 55:117-119.
    • (1998) Arch Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 117-119
    • Young, G.B.1    Jordan, K.G.2
  • 50
    • 70349232819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bowel ischemia: a rare complication of thiopental treatment for status epilepticus
    • Cereda C, Berger MM, Rossetti AO Bowel ischemia: a rare complication of thiopental treatment for status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care 2009, 10:355-358.
    • (2009) Neurocrit Care , vol.10 , pp. 355-358
    • Cereda, C.1    Berger, M.M.2    Rossetti, A.O.3
  • 51
    • 33745647012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical score for prognosis of status epilepticus in adults
    • Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Bromfield EB A clinical score for prognosis of status epilepticus in adults. Neurology 2006, 66:1736-1738.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 1736-1738
    • Rossetti, A.O.1    Logroscino, G.2    Bromfield, E.B.3
  • 53
    • 33947175991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anaesthetic and intensive care of status epilepticus
    • Holtkamp M The anaesthetic and intensive care of status epilepticus. Curr Opin Neurol 2007, 20:188-193.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 188-193
    • Holtkamp, M.1
  • 54
    • 77953544885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment options in the management of status epilepticus
    • Rossetti AO Treatment options in the management of status epilepticus. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2010, 12:100-112.
    • (2010) Curr Treat Options Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 100-112
    • Rossetti, A.O.1
  • 56
    • 35748982406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which anesthetic should be used in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus?
    • Rossetti AO Which anesthetic should be used in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus?. Epilepsia 2007, 48(suppl 8):52-55.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. 8 , pp. 52-55
    • Rossetti, A.O.1
  • 57
    • 0035949764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous EEG monitoring and midazolam infusion for refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus
    • Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Emerson RG, Bates JE, Thompson TB, Mayer SA Continuous EEG monitoring and midazolam infusion for refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology 2001, 57:1036-1042.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1036-1042
    • Claassen, J.1    Hirsch, L.J.2    Emerson, R.G.3    Bates, J.E.4    Thompson, T.B.5    Mayer, S.A.6
  • 58
    • 6344253359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol: therapeutic indications and side-effects
    • Marik PE Propofol: therapeutic indications and side-effects. Curr Pharm Des 2004, 10:3639-3649.
    • (2004) Curr Pharm Des , vol.10 , pp. 3639-3649
    • Marik, P.E.1
  • 59
    • 0141789591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of propofol infusion syndrome: a simple name for a complex syndrome
    • Vasile B, Rasulo F, Candiani A, Latronico N The pathophysiology of propofol infusion syndrome: a simple name for a complex syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2003, 29:1417-1425.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 1417-1425
    • Vasile, B.1    Rasulo, F.2    Candiani, A.3    Latronico, N.4
  • 60
    • 34248524272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol-associated fatal myocardial failure and rhabdomyolysis in an adult with status epilepticus
    • Zarovnaya EL, Jobst BC, Harris BT Propofol-associated fatal myocardial failure and rhabdomyolysis in an adult with status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2007, 48:1002-1006.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , pp. 1002-1006
    • Zarovnaya, E.L.1    Jobst, B.C.2    Harris, B.T.3
  • 61
    • 73349137319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol infusion syndrome in patients with refractory status epilepticus: an 11-year clinical experience
    • Iyer VN, Hoel R, Rabinstein AA Propofol infusion syndrome in patients with refractory status epilepticus: an 11-year clinical experience. Crit Care Med 2009, 37:3024-3030.
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 3024-3030
    • Iyer, V.N.1    Hoel, R.2    Rabinstein, A.A.3
  • 65
    • 0035054209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous anesthetics differentially reduce neurotransmission damage caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat hippocampal slices in correlation with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor inhibition
    • Zhan RZ, Qi S, Wu C, Fujihara H, Taga K, Shimoji K Intravenous anesthetics differentially reduce neurotransmission damage caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat hippocampal slices in correlation with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor inhibition. Crit Care Med 2001, 29:808-813.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 808-813
    • Zhan, R.Z.1    Qi, S.2    Wu, C.3    Fujihara, H.4    Taga, K.5    Shimoji, K.6
  • 66
    • 0036126003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with pentobarbital, propofol, or midazolam: a systematic review
    • Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Emerson RG, Mayer SA Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with pentobarbital, propofol, or midazolam: a systematic review. Epilepsia 2002, 43:146-153.
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , pp. 146-153
    • Claassen, J.1    Hirsch, L.J.2    Emerson, R.G.3    Mayer, S.A.4
  • 67
    • 77955338762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can BIS monitoring be used to assess the depth of propofol anesthesia in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus?
    • Musialowicz T, Mervaala E, Kalviainen R, Uusaro A, Ruokonen E, Parviainen I Can BIS monitoring be used to assess the depth of propofol anesthesia in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus?. Epilepsia 2010, 51:1580-1586.
    • (2010) Epilepsia , vol.51 , pp. 1580-1586
    • Musialowicz, T.1    Mervaala, E.2    Kalviainen, R.3    Uusaro, A.4    Ruokonen, E.5    Parviainen, I.6
  • 68
    • 0033012339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depth of EEG suppression and outcome in barbiturate anesthetic treatment for refractory status epilepticus
    • Krishnamurthy KB, Drislane FW Depth of EEG suppression and outcome in barbiturate anesthetic treatment for refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1999, 40:759-762.
    • (1999) Epilepsia , vol.40 , pp. 759-762
    • Krishnamurthy, K.B.1    Drislane, F.W.2
  • 69
    • 77952257252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuro-ICU patient and electroencephalography paroxysms: if and when to treat
    • Rossetti AO, Oddo M The neuro-ICU patient and electroencephalography paroxysms: if and when to treat. Curr Opin Crit Care 2010, 16:105-109.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.16 , pp. 105-109
    • Rossetti, A.O.1    Oddo, M.2
  • 70
    • 75649149860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonconvulsive status epilepticus and coma
    • Bauer G, Trinka E Nonconvulsive status epilepticus and coma. Epilepsia 2010, 51:177-190.
    • (2010) Epilepsia , vol.51 , pp. 177-190
    • Bauer, G.1    Trinka, E.2
  • 71
    • 4043177095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with inhalational anesthetic agents isoflurane and desflurane
    • Mirsattari SM, Sharpe MD, Young GB Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with inhalational anesthetic agents isoflurane and desflurane. Arch Neurol 2004, 61:1254-1259.
    • (2004) Arch Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 1254-1259
    • Mirsattari, S.M.1    Sharpe, M.D.2    Young, G.B.3
  • 72
    • 0031673209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractory status epilepticus: response to ketamine
    • Sheth RD, Gidal BE Refractory status epilepticus: response to ketamine. Neurology 1998, 51:1765-1766.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 1765-1766
    • Sheth, R.D.1    Gidal, B.E.2
  • 73
    • 34447649684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ketamine treatment for refractory status epilepticus
    • Quigg M, Nathan B, Smith T, Kapur J Effects of ketamine treatment for refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2002, 43(suppl 1):282.
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 282
    • Quigg, M.1    Nathan, B.2    Smith, T.3    Kapur, J.4
  • 74
    • 56449103912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine successfully terminates malignant status epilepticus
    • Prüss H, Holtkamp M Ketamine successfully terminates malignant status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 2008, 82:219-222.
    • (2008) Epilepsy Res , vol.82 , pp. 219-222
    • Prüss, H.1    Holtkamp, M.2
  • 75
    • 77953156794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terminating prolonged refractory status epilepticus using ketamine
    • Hsieh CY, Sung PS, Tsai JJ, Huang CW Terminating prolonged refractory status epilepticus using ketamine. Clin Neuropharmacol 2010, 33:165-167.
    • (2010) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.33 , pp. 165-167
    • Hsieh, C.Y.1    Sung, P.S.2    Tsai, J.J.3    Huang, C.W.4
  • 76
    • 0030874888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine in the treatment of status epilepticus
    • Walker IA, Slovis CM Lidocaine in the treatment of status epilepticus. Acad Emerg Med 1997, 4:918-922.
    • (1997) Acad Emerg Med , vol.4 , pp. 918-922
    • Walker, I.A.1    Slovis, C.M.2
  • 77
    • 33645728028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous lidocaine for status epilepticus during childhood
    • Hamano S, Sugiyama N, Yamashita S, et al. Intravenous lidocaine for status epilepticus during childhood. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006, 48:220-222.
    • (2006) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 220-222
    • Hamano, S.1    Sugiyama, N.2    Yamashita, S.3
  • 78
    • 20544434626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium-channel blocker verapamil administration in prolonged and refractory status epilepticus
    • Iannetti P, Spalice A, Parisi P Calcium-channel blocker verapamil administration in prolonged and refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2005, 46:967-969.
    • (2005) Epilepsia , vol.46 , pp. 967-969
    • Iannetti, P.1    Spalice, A.2    Parisi, P.3
  • 79
    • 77952243806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verapamil attenuates the malignant treatment course in recurrent status epilepticus
    • Schmitt FC, Dehnicke C, Merschhemke M, Meencke HJ Verapamil attenuates the malignant treatment course in recurrent status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 2010, 17:565-588.
    • (2010) Epilepsy Behav , vol.17 , pp. 565-588
    • Schmitt, F.C.1    Dehnicke, C.2    Merschhemke, M.3    Meencke, H.J.4
  • 81
    • 78649267958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of ketogenic diet in severe refractory status epilepticus initiating fever induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school age children (FIRES)
    • Nabbout R, Mazzuca M, Hubert P, et al. Efficacy of ketogenic diet in severe refractory status epilepticus initiating fever induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school age children (FIRES). Epilepsia 2010, 51:2033-2037.
    • (2010) Epilepsia , vol.51 , pp. 2033-2037
    • Nabbout, R.1    Mazzuca, M.2    Hubert, P.3
  • 82
    • 77954654924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ketogenic diet in treatment of two adults with prolonged nonconvulsive status epilepticus
    • Wusthoff CJ, Kranick SM, Morley JF, Christina Bergqvist AG The ketogenic diet in treatment of two adults with prolonged nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2010, 51:1083-1085.
    • (2010) Epilepsia , vol.51 , pp. 1083-1085
    • Wusthoff, C.J.1    Kranick, S.M.2    Morley, J.F.3    Christina Bergqvist, A.G.4
  • 83
    • 33144463179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Literature review, case report, and expert discussion of prolonged refractory status epilepticus
    • Robakis TK, Hirsch LJ Literature review, case report, and expert discussion of prolonged refractory status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care 2006, 4:35-46.
    • (2006) Neurocrit Care , vol.4 , pp. 35-46
    • Robakis, T.K.1    Hirsch, L.J.2
  • 84
    • 0024343052 scopus 로고
    • Isoflurane for refractory status epilepticus: a clinical series
    • Kofke WA, Young RS, Davis P, et al. Isoflurane for refractory status epilepticus: a clinical series. Anesthesiology 1989, 71:653-659.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.71 , pp. 653-659
    • Kofke, W.A.1    Young, R.S.2    Davis, P.3
  • 86
    • 79957525471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptors: recent insights and clinical correlations
    • Benarroch EE NMDA receptors: recent insights and clinical correlations. Neurology 2011, 76:1750-1757.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 1750-1757
    • Benarroch, E.E.1
  • 88
    • 0035929510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol and sodium thiopental protect against MK-801-induced neuronal necrosis in the posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortex
    • Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Wozniak DF, Powell S, Olney JW Propofol and sodium thiopental protect against MK-801-induced neuronal necrosis in the posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortex. Brain Res 2001, 913:185-189.
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.913 , pp. 185-189
    • Jevtovic-Todorovic, V.1    Wozniak, D.F.2    Powell, S.3    Olney, J.W.4
  • 89
    • 38649086112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A combination of ketamine and diazepam synergistically controls refractory status epilepticus induced by cholinergic stimulation
    • Martin BS, Kapur J A combination of ketamine and diazepam synergistically controls refractory status epilepticus induced by cholinergic stimulation. Epilepsia 2008, 49:248-255.
    • (2008) Epilepsia , vol.49 , pp. 248-255
    • Martin, B.S.1    Kapur, J.2
  • 91
    • 84855927372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral topiramate as an add-on treatment for refractory status epilepticus
    • published online June 29.
    • Stojanova V, Rossetti AO Oral topiramate as an add-on treatment for refractory status epilepticus. Acta Neurol Scand 2011, published online June 29. 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01562.x.
    • (2011) Acta Neurol Scand
    • Stojanova, V.1    Rossetti, A.O.2
  • 92
    • 78649243162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral pregabalin as an add-on treatment for status epilepticus
    • Novy J, Rossetti AO Oral pregabalin as an add-on treatment for status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2010, 51:2207-2210.
    • (2010) Epilepsia , vol.51 , pp. 2207-2210
    • Novy, J.1    Rossetti, A.O.2
  • 93
    • 42449088099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous levetiracetam in the treatment of benzodiazepine refractory status epilepticus
    • Knake S, Gruener J, Hattemer K, et al. Intravenous levetiracetam in the treatment of benzodiazepine refractory status epilepticus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008, 79:588-589.
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.79 , pp. 588-589
    • Knake, S.1    Gruener, J.2    Hattemer, K.3
  • 94
    • 78650789188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous lacosamide for treatment of status epilepticus
    • Kellinghaus C, Berning S, Immisch I, et al. Intravenous lacosamide for treatment of status epilepticus. Acta Neurol Scand 2011, 123:137-141.
    • (2011) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.123 , pp. 137-141
    • Kellinghaus, C.1    Berning, S.2    Immisch, I.3
  • 95
    • 0037178642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P-Glycoprotein-mediated efflux of phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and felbamate at the blood-brain barrier: evidence from microdialysis experiments in rats
    • Potschka H, Fedrowitz M, Loscher W P-Glycoprotein-mediated efflux of phenobarbital, lamotrigine, and felbamate at the blood-brain barrier: evidence from microdialysis experiments in rats. Neurosci Lett 2002, 327:173-176.
    • (2002) Neurosci Lett , vol.327 , pp. 173-176
    • Potschka, H.1    Fedrowitz, M.2    Loscher, W.3
  • 97
    • 43049091949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interest of the ketogenic diet in a refractory status epilepticus in adults
    • (in French).
    • Bodenant M, Moreau C, Sejourné C, et al. Interest of the ketogenic diet in a refractory status epilepticus in adults. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2008, 164:194-199. (in French).
    • (2008) Rev Neurol (Paris) , vol.164 , pp. 194-199
    • Bodenant, M.1    Moreau, C.2    Sejourné, C.3
  • 99
    • 78049510721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causing prolonged nonconvulsive status epilepticus
    • Johnson N, Henry C, Fessler AJ, Dalmau J Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis causing prolonged nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology 2010, 75:1480-1482.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 1480-1482
    • Johnson, N.1    Henry, C.2    Fessler, A.J.3    Dalmau, J.4
  • 101
    • 35748937927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The surgical treatment of status epilepticus
    • Lhatoo SD, Alexopoulos AV The surgical treatment of status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2007, 48(suppl 8):61-65.
    • (2007) Epilepsia , vol.48 , Issue.SUPPL. 8 , pp. 61-65
    • Lhatoo, S.D.1    Alexopoulos, A.V.2
  • 102
    • 64049103284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory status epilepticus
    • De Herdt V, Waterschoot L, Vonck K, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory status epilepticus. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2009, 13:286-289.
    • (2009) Eur J Paediatr Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 286-289
    • De Herdt, V.1    Waterschoot, L.2    Vonck, K.3
  • 104
    • 77953619096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroconvulsive therapy for refractory status epilepticus: a case series
    • Kamel H, Cornes SB, Hegde M, Hall SE, Josephson SA Electroconvulsive therapy for refractory status epilepticus: a case series. Neurocrit Care 2010, 12:204-210.
    • (2010) Neurocrit Care , vol.12 , pp. 204-210
    • Kamel, H.1    Cornes, S.B.2    Hegde, M.3    Hall, S.E.4    Josephson, S.A.5
  • 105
    • 79955703619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful ECT treatment for medically refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus in pediatric patient
    • Shin HW, O'Donovan CA, Boggs JG, et al. Successful ECT treatment for medically refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus in pediatric patient. Seizure 2011, 20:433-436.
    • (2011) Seizure , vol.20 , pp. 433-436
    • Shin, H.W.1    O'Donovan, C.A.2    Boggs, J.G.3
  • 106
    • 34247648178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of status epilepticus with electroconvulsive therapy
    • Cline JS, Roos K Treatment of status epilepticus with electroconvulsive therapy. J ECT 2007, 23:30-32.
    • (2007) J ECT , vol.23 , pp. 30-32
    • Cline, J.S.1    Roos, K.2
  • 108
    • 78649903878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus responsive to music as an add-on therapy: a second case
    • Miranda M, Kuester G, Ríos L, Basaez E, Hazard S Refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus responsive to music as an add-on therapy: a second case. Epilepsy Behav 2010, 19:539-540.
    • (2010) Epilepsy Behav , vol.19 , pp. 539-540
    • Miranda, M.1    Kuester, G.2    Ríos, L.3    Basaez, E.4    Hazard, S.5
  • 109
    • 22944478006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of refractory status epilepticus precipitated by anticonvulsant withdrawal using left vagal nerve stimulation: a case report
    • Patwardhan RV, Dellabadia J, Rashidi M, Grier L, Nanda A Control of refractory status epilepticus precipitated by anticonvulsant withdrawal using left vagal nerve stimulation: a case report. Surg Neurol 2005, 64:170-173.
    • (2005) Surg Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 170-173
    • Patwardhan, R.V.1    Dellabadia, J.2    Rashidi, M.3    Grier, L.4    Nanda, A.5
  • 111
    • 21344452366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation for epilepsia partialis continua due to cortical dysplasia
    • Misawa S, Kuwabara S, Shibuya K, Mamada K, Hattori T Low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation for epilepsia partialis continua due to cortical dysplasia. J Neurol Sci 2005, 234:37-39.
    • (2005) J Neurol Sci , vol.234 , pp. 37-39
    • Misawa, S.1    Kuwabara, S.2    Shibuya, K.3    Mamada, K.4    Hattori, T.5
  • 112
    • 33747188618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant properties of hypothermia in experimental status epilepticus
    • Schmitt FC, Buchheim K, Meierkord H, Holtkamp M Anticonvulsant properties of hypothermia in experimental status epilepticus. Neurobiol Dis 2006, 23:689-696.
    • (2006) Neurobiol Dis , vol.23 , pp. 689-696
    • Schmitt, F.C.1    Buchheim, K.2    Meierkord, H.3    Holtkamp, M.4
  • 113
    • 0021273939 scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia and barbiturate coma for refractory status epilepticus
    • Orlowski JP, Erenberg G, Lueders H, Cruse RP Hypothermia and barbiturate coma for refractory status epilepticus. Crit Care Med 1984, 12:367-372.
    • (1984) Crit Care Med , vol.12 , pp. 367-372
    • Orlowski, J.P.1    Erenberg, G.2    Lueders, H.3    Cruse, R.P.4
  • 114
    • 77956649756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild hypothermia for refractory focal status epilepticus in an infant with hemimegalencephaly
    • Elting JW, Naalt J, Fock JM Mild hypothermia for refractory focal status epilepticus in an infant with hemimegalencephaly. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2010, 14:452-455.
    • (2010) Eur J Paediatr Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 452-455
    • Elting, J.W.1    Naalt, J.2    Fock, J.M.3
  • 115
    • 77957228780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted temperature management for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest
    • Holzer M Targeted temperature management for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2010, 363:1256-1264.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 1256-1264
    • Holzer, M.1
  • 116
    • 73549094220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional and cognitive outcome in prolonged refractory status epilepticus
    • Cooper AD, Britton JW, Rabinstein AA Functional and cognitive outcome in prolonged refractory status epilepticus. Arch Neurol 2009, 66:1505-1509.
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 1505-1509
    • Cooper, A.D.1    Britton, J.W.2    Rabinstein, A.A.3
  • 117
    • 58149477705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptogenic New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) in adults-infectious or not?
    • Costello DJ, Kilbride RD, Cole AJ Cryptogenic New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) in adults-infectious or not?. J Neurol Sci 2009, 277:26-31.
    • (2009) J Neurol Sci , vol.277 , pp. 26-31
    • Costello, D.J.1    Kilbride, R.D.2    Cole, A.J.3
  • 118
    • 33646901131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged coma from refractory status epilepticus
    • Dara SI, Tungpalan LA, Manno EM, et al. Prolonged coma from refractory status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care 2006, 4:140-142.
    • (2006) Neurocrit Care , vol.4 , pp. 140-142
    • Dara, S.I.1    Tungpalan, L.A.2    Manno, E.M.3
  • 119
    • 77957153519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of continuous EEG monitoring during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest
    • Rossetti AO, Urbano LA, Delodder F, Kaplan PW, Oddo M Prognostic value of continuous EEG monitoring during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Crit Care 2010, 14:R173.
    • (2010) Crit Care , vol.14
    • Rossetti, A.O.1    Urbano, L.A.2    Delodder, F.3    Kaplan, P.W.4    Oddo, M.5
  • 121
    • 62349083445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of awakening from postanoxic status epilepticus after therapeutic hypothermia
    • Rossetti AO, Oddo M, Liaudet L, Kaplan PW Predictors of awakening from postanoxic status epilepticus after therapeutic hypothermia. Neurology 2009, 72:744-749.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 744-749
    • Rossetti, A.O.1    Oddo, M.2    Liaudet, L.3    Kaplan, P.W.4
  • 122
    • 77951722758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor prognosis despite successful treatment of postanoxic generalized myoclonus
    • Thömke F, Weilemann SL Poor prognosis despite successful treatment of postanoxic generalized myoclonus. Neurology 2010, 74:1392-1394.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , pp. 1392-1394
    • Thömke, F.1    Weilemann, S.L.2
  • 123
    • 34548274564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-hospital mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: a large US sample
    • Koubeissi M, Alshekhlee A In-hospital mortality of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: a large US sample. Neurology 2007, 69:886-893.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 886-893
    • Koubeissi, M.1    Alshekhlee, A.2
  • 124
    • 74849094701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management and prognosis of status epilepticus according to hospital setting: a prospective study
    • Rossetti AO, Novy J, Ruffieux C, Olivier P, Foletti GB, Hayoz D, et al. Management and prognosis of status epilepticus according to hospital setting: a prospective study. Swiss Med Wkly 2009, 139:719-723.
    • (2009) Swiss Med Wkly , vol.139 , pp. 719-723
    • Rossetti, A.O.1    Novy, J.2    Ruffieux, C.3    Olivier, P.4    Foletti, G.B.5    Hayoz, D.6
  • 125
    • 40149086955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of treatment on the short-term prognosis of status epilepticus in two population-based cohorts
    • Vignatelli L, Rinaldi R, Baldin E, Tinuper P, Michelucci R, Galeotti M, et al. Impact of treatment on the short-term prognosis of status epilepticus in two population-based cohorts. J Neurol 2008, 255:197-204.
    • (2008) J Neurol , vol.255 , pp. 197-204
    • Vignatelli, L.1    Rinaldi, R.2    Baldin, E.3    Tinuper, P.4    Michelucci, R.5    Galeotti, M.6
  • 126
    • 79959949279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second-line status epilepticus treatment: comparison of phenytoin, valproate, and levetiracetam
    • Alvarez V, Januel JM, Burnand B, Rossetti AO Second-line status epilepticus treatment: comparison of phenytoin, valproate, and levetiracetam. Epilepsia 2011, 52:1292-1296.
    • (2011) Epilepsia , vol.52 , pp. 1292-1296
    • Alvarez, V.1    Januel, J.M.2    Burnand, B.3    Rossetti, A.O.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.